Lactulose, a disaccharide composed of galactose and fructose, is a stimulator of health-promoting bacterium growth in the gastrointestinal tract, used to treat chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
Lactosylsphingosine, a sphingolipid, is a vital biomarker characterizing diverse lysosomal storage disorders such as Niemann-Pick disease and Gaucher disease due to its accumulation within the tissues and blood of affected people. Detection through blood examination or imaging studies makes identification possible. Therapy options include substrate reduction and enzyme replacement therapy. Furthermore, tracking variations in lactosylsphingosine may be employed to monitor therapy response and trace disease advancement, imparting substantial clinical value in disease management.
Lacto-N-triose II is a profoundly sophisticated compound, vividly contributing to studying an assortment of afflictions, notably cancer, autoimmune disorders and neurological ailments. It has the unparalleled aptitude for pinpointing discrete cells and catalyzing targeted pharmaceutical transportation.
Lacto-N-neohexaose is a cutting-edge compound with remarkable anti-inflammatory powers, aiding in the research of autoimmune disorders, most notably rheumatoid arthritis.
Lactonic sophorolipid is a natural antimicrobial surfactant for oral hygiene. Lactonic sophorolipid, a potential anticancer agent, induces apoptosis in human HepG2 cells through the caspase-3 pathway.
Lactisole is a sweet taste receptor antagonist that suppresses perception of sweetness in humans. It blocks a heterodimeric receptor comprised of T1R2+T1R3, which detects sweet-tasting compounds.
One of the impurities of Lacosamide. Lacosamide is a medication used for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain.
Labetalol Impurity A is an impurity of Labetalol, a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, and also for long term management of angina.
L-685,458 is a potent and selective inhibitor of γ-secretase (IC50 = 17 nM) that shows 50-fold selectivity over a variety of aspartyl proteases. It also inhibits Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides (in human neuroblastoma cells: IC50 = 48 and 67 nM respectively).
L(+)-Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar that is found primarily in plants and some bacteria. Unlike most natural sugars, it is found in an L configuration instead of the usual D configuration.
KY-226 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor that protects neurons from cerebral ischemic injury. It significantly reduced plasma glucose, triglyceride, and A1c levels without weight gain in db/db mice.
KX2-391 is an orally bioavailable small molecule Src kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Unlike other Src kinase inhibitors which bind to the ATP-binding site, Src kinase inhibitor KX2-391 specifically binds to the peptide substrate binding site of Src kinase; inhibition of kinase activity may result in the inhibition of primary tumor growth and the suppression of metastasis. Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.
KW-2449 is a novel multikinase inhibitor, which suppresses the growth of leukemia cells with FLT3 mutations or T315I-mutated BCR/ABL translocation. Recent research showed that HDACIs increase KW-2449 lethality in Bcr/Abl(+) cells in association with inhibition of Bcr/Abl, generation of ROS, and induction of DNA damage. This strategy preferentially targets primary Bcr/Abl(+) hematopoietic cells and exhibits enhanced in vivo activity. Combining KW-2449 with HDACIs warrants attention in IM-resistant Bcr/Abl(+) leukemias.
Kushenol I is a compound of the flavonoid class found in the Sophora flavescens Ait. Kushenol I is a GABAA receptor modulator and a Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor.
Kuromanin chloride is a natural compound found in Amelanchier spicata, Acer paxii. It is a scavenger of peroxynitrite that exerts a protective effect against endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure induced by peroxynitrite.
Kukoamine A is a spermine alkaloid isolated from Lycium chinense, potatoes, and tomatoes. It exhibits diverse biological activities, including anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Kukoamine A inhibits human glioblastoma cell growth and migration via apoptosis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition attenuation mediated by downregulating expressions of 5-LOX and C/EBPβ.
KU-60019 is a potent and selective ATM inhibitor. KU-60019 is 10-fold more effective than KU-55933 at blocking radiation-induced phosphorylation of key ATM targets in human glioma cells. As expected, KU-60019 is a highly effective radiosensitizer of human glioma cells. KU-60019 inhibits the DNA damage response, reduces AKT phosphorylation and prosurvival signaling, inhibits migration and invasion, and effectively radiosensitizes human glioma cells
KU-0063794 is an inhibitor of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with an IC50 of approximately 10 nM, but does not suppress the activity of 76 other protein kinases or seven lipid kinases, including Class 1 PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) at 1000-fold higher concentrations. KU-0063794 is cell permeant, suppresses activation and hydrophobic motif phosphorylation of Akt, S6K and SGK, but not RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase), an AGC kinase not regulated by mTOR. It also inhibited phosphorylation of the T-loop Thr308 residue of Akt phosphorylated by PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1). It does not affect Thr308 phosphorylation in fibroblasts lacking essential mTORC2 subunits. KU-0063794 also suppressed cell growth and induced a G1-cell-cycle arrest. KU-0063794 will be useful in delineating the physiological roles of mTOR and may have utility in treatment of cancers in which this pathway is inappropriately activated.
KL-11743 is a potent, orally active and glucose-competitive inhibitor of the class I glucose transporters, with IC50s of 115, 137, 90 and 68 nM for GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3 and GLUT4, respectively. It specifically blocks glucose metabolism and induces cell death in concert with electron transport inhibitors.
KIRA6 allosterically inhibits IRE1α RNase kinase activity in vivo and promotes cell survival under ER stress. Systemically, KIRA6 preserves pancreatic β cells, increases insulin, and reduces hyperglycemia in Akita diabetic mice.
KIN1148, a small-molecule IRF3 agonist, associates with and activates recombinant RIG-I protein in cell-free assays. KIN1148 is a novel influenza vaccine adjuvant found to enhance flu vaccine efficacy.
KGA2727 is a selective and potent SGLT1 inhibitor for the treatment of diabete. Its inhibition constant (Ki) values of 97 and 13,600 nM for human (h) SGLT1 and hSGLT2 respectively. It inhibited the absorption of glucose but not that of fructose.
Ketotifen is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold as a salt with fumaric acid, ketotifen fumarate, and is available in two forms. In its ophthalmic form, it is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis,or the itchy red eyes caused by allergies. In its oral form, it is used to preventasthma attacks.
Ketoconazole EP Impurity C is an impurity of Ketoconazole, which is an antiandrogen, antifungal, and antiglucocorticoid medication used to treat a number of fungal infections.
Kenpaullone is a potent inhibitor of CDK1/cyclin B (IC50 = 400 nM), CDK2/cyclin A (IC50 = 680 nM), CDK2/cyclin E (IC50 = 7.5 uM) and CDK5/p25 (IC50 = 850 nM). Kenpaullone inhibits CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/cyclin/p35 (IC50 values are 0.68, 7.5 and 0.85 μM respectively).
KDM5-inhibitor is an analog of CPI-455, a selective KDM5 inhibitor. CPI-455 increases levels of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and decreases the number of DTPs in multiple cancer cell lines treated with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents. It reduces survival of drug-tolerant cancer cells.
KD025 is an orally available and selective ROCK2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 60 nM and Ki value of 41 nm, respectively. It was shown to suppress adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells.
Kartogenin induces the selective differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes. Kartogenin binds to filamin A, and disrupts the specific interaction between filamin A and CBFβ (core-binding factor β subunit). Apparently, kartogenin induces chondrogenesis by regulating the nuclear localization of CBFβ.
Alkaloid , from plants of the Ranunculaceae family. Ganglioblocker; nicotinic receptor antagonist; hypotensive; presents micromolar affinity at brain a Bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChR. (See attached sheet.)
Kaempferol-3-beta-O-glucuronide is a flavonoid glucuronide, which can be found in vegetables and deconjugated by microsomal β-glucuronidase from various human cells.
K-7174, one of proteasome inhibitory homopiperazine derivatives, exhibits a therapeutic effect, which is stronger when administered orally than intravenously, without obvious side effects in a murine myeloma model. Moreover, K-7174 kills bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells carrying a β5-subunit mutation in vivo and primary cells from a patient resistant to bortezomib.
K03861 is a type II CDK2 inhibitor with Kd of 50 nM, 18.6 nM, 15.4 nM, and 9.7 nM for CDK2(WT), CDK2(C118L), CDK2(A144C), and CDK2(C118L/A144C), respectlvely.
JX 06 is a potent, selective and covalent pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1/2/3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 49, 101 and 313 nM for PDK1, PDK2 and PDK3, respectively. It suppresses A549 lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and reduces tumor volume of A549 xenografts in mice.
JPH203 is a potent and selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) inhibitor. It inhibits 14C-leucine uptake and cell growth in human colon cancer-derived HT-29 cells in vitro. It also inhibits 14C-leucine uptake in mouse renal proximal tubule cells expressing l-type amino acid transporter 1, and inhibits cell growth. It completely inhibits the proliferation of YD-38 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It suppresses proliferation in cancer cell lines and is used for cancer research. It was developed by J-Pharma and in clinic phase 1 trials.
