1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
CAS: 120-82-1
Molecular Formula: C6H3Cl3
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene - Names and Identifiers
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H3Cl3 |
| Molar Mass | 181.45 |
| Density | 1.454g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 16°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 214°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | >230°F |
| Water Solubility | INSOLUBLE |
| Solubility | water: insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 40 °C) |
| Vapor Density | >6 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Clear |
| Odor | Characteristic aromatic odor |
| Exposure Limit | NIOSH REL: TWA ceiling 5 ppm (40 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: ceiling 5 ppm(adopted). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 308 nm Amax: 1.00', , 'λ: 310 nm Amax: 0.50', , 'λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.05', , 'λ: 37 |
| Merck | 14,9631 |
| BRN | 956819 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible. |
| Explosive Limit | 6.6%, 150°F |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.571(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: colorless rhomboid crystal. melting point 17.15 ℃ boiling point 213.5 ℃ relative density 1.574 refractive index 1.4542 solubility-insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, readily soluble in ether |
| Use | Used as raw materials for dyes, pesticides and organic solvents |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R38 - Irritating to the skin R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN 2321 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | DC2100000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29036990 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 550 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat 6139 mg/kg |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sodium hydroxide |
| Downstream Products | 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline 2,4,5-Trichloronitrobenzene Phthalocyanine Green G |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 0.997 at 20.0 °C (wetted-wall column, ten Hulscher et al., 1992) 1.24, 2.27, 2.58, 3.06, and 3.90 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.0, and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS-SPME,Dewulf et al., 1999) |
| LogP | 4.28 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | trichlorobenzene is colorless rhomboid Crystal, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, soluble in ether. It can be used as a solvent for manufacturing pesticides, transformer oils, lubricating oils, etc., a dye carrier, an additive for insulating and cooling fluids, and also a raw material for manufacturing 2, 5-dichlorophenol. |
| Application | trichlorobenzene is a raw material for medicines, dyes and pesticides, and is also a widely used high boiling point solvent, the raw material of the resistance liquid in the transformer. |
| Use | used as a solvent for the manufacture of pesticides, transformer oils, lubricating oils, etc., dye carriers, additives for insulating and cooling fluids, it is also a raw material for the production of 2, 5-dichlorophenol 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene is an intermediate for the synthesis of the acaricidal agent trichome sulphone and the herbicide dicamba, and can also be used as a raw material for medicines and dyes, as well as the preparation of tetrachlorobenzene and polychlorophenol raw materials, but also the use of a wide range of high boiling point solvent and Transformer resistance liquid raw materials. Medicine, dyes, pesticides, raw materials, but also a wide range of uses of high boiling point solvent, Transformer resistance liquid raw materials. used as raw materials for dyes, pesticides and organic solvents solvent. Organic Synthesis. Pesticides. Dye Intermediates. High purity 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene can also meet the requirements of transformer oil, heat transfer oil and other aspects of chemical and power industry production. |
| production method | 1. The dried HCH was heated in a pyrolysis kettle to obtain trichlorobenzene, and a large amount of hydrogen chloride was by-produced. Alkali hydrolysis of Six Six Six non-toxic body and milk of lime heat that is obtained trichlorobenzene, while by-products a large number of calcium chloride solution. Trichlorobenzene obtained by the above two methods is 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene; 1,3, 5-trichlorobenzene; 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene three kinds of isomers mixture, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the main component. The content of 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene in trichlorobenzene produced by milk of lime method is more than 75%, and 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene accounts for about 20%. The preparation of 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene with six six non-toxic isomers as raw materials, can be prepared by thermal decomposition, alkali water decomposition, Lime milk decomposition three methods, the resulting product contains a small amount of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene and 1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene. The content of 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene obtained by this method was the highest. The mass ratio of Six Six Six non-toxic isomers and hydrated lime (50% ~ 60%) is 1: 0.666, and the amount of water is more than 10 times of hydrated lime. During operation, 400kg of the six six non-toxic isomers are added into the dehydrochlorination device, then 230kg of slaked lime and 3T-of water are added into the mixing tank together, stirred for 20min, and then pumped into the dehydrochlorination device. When the steam is preheated to 60 °c, cold water is put into the condenser interlayer, and the direct steam heating is stopped at 90 °c, and the boiling is instantaneous. The steam pressure is controlled to 53.2 to 66.5kPa, and the condensate water is adjusted to make the outlet water temperature 50 to 55 degrees Celsius. The trichlorobenzene is distilled off with water vapor and condensed by the condenser into the liquid separator. Trichlorobenzene is heavier than water, so it is settled at the bottom of the apparatus. By the water part of the overflow pipe flow back to the hydrogen chloride removal and reuse. The reaction time was 8H, and trichlorobenzene was distilled out completely. Then, the heating is stopped, and the end of the liquid separator is discharged into the VAT as the finished product; The unreacted residue is discharged into the sewer through the lower outlet of the dehydrochlorination device. In this method, it takes 1.3h for melting limestone and 9.6h for dehydrochlorination, with a total of about 11h. Another process is: hydrolysis temperature 210~215 ℃, pressure 1.96MPa, Lime milk excess 10% under the condition of the complete decomposition of A and B to trichlorobenzene, so the yield is high, Up to 94%, no obvious side reaction, to avoid the occupational disease caused by pyrolysis of carbide, high product quality, containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene more than 90%, less waste discharge, waste liquid is not much, easy to comprehensive utilization, the equipment is simple, the production strength is high, but the cost is higher than the pyrolysis method, and the corrosion of the hydrolysis kettle is serious. Caustic soda pressure hydrolysis method to Six Six Six non-toxic body as raw materials, after mixed with caustic soda, hydrolysis under pressure obtained. In this method, the hydrolysis temperature is 180 ℃, the pressure is 0.98MPa, and the reaction is heated in a biphenyl Ether boiler for 70~80min to obtain trichlorobenzene, and the yield is about 94%. The corrosion rate of hydrolysis kettle is slow, which is 11% of that of high pressure milk of lime method. It can eliminate occupational poisoning and solve the problem of environmental pollution. This method has the advantages of short flow, stable production, convenient operation and feasible process, but it consumes alkali and has high cost, 2,4-trichlorobenzene content is low. (3) this method of pyrolysis process is simple, equipment production intensity, can recover by-product hydrochloric acid, low cost, but serious occupational poisoning. In the past, 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene was mainly processed into mixed trichlorobenzene by the invalid product of lindane, and then fractionated to obtain 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene. With the restriction of lindane, the traditional raw materials of trichlorobenzene are decreasing day by day. At present, the foreign industrial method is to obtain trichlorobenzene mixture by selective chlorination of dichlorobenzene, and then adopt the advanced technology of molecular sieve adsorption analysis method and molecular sieve selective isomerization method, 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene was isolated with high purity. |
| category | pesticide |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 756 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 300 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 1950 mg/13 weeks |
| flammability hazard characteristics | open flame flammability; Toxic chloride fumes from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from food additives |
| extinguishing agent | water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, sand. |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 40 mg/m3 SEL 74 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 571°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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Raw Materials for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Downstream Products for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene