Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
CAS: 110-82-7
Molecular Formula: C6H12
Cyclohexane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Cyclohexane |
| Synonyms | Cyclohexane Hexahydrobenzene |
| CAS | 110-82-7 |
| EINECS | 203-806-2 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C6H12/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H2 |
| InChIKey | XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Cyclohexane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H12 |
| Molar Mass | 84.16 |
| Density | 0.77 |
| Melting Point | 6.5℃ |
| Boling Point | 81℃ |
| Flash Point | -18℃ |
| Water Solubility | PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE |
| Solubility | ethanol: miscible(lit.) |
| Vapor Presure | 168.8 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.9 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | colorless |
| Odor | resembling benzene; mild, sweet, resembling chloroform. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 300 ppm (～1050 mg/m3) (ACGIH, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 10,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | λ: 210 nm Amax: ≤1.00 λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.50 λ: 230 nm Amax: ≤0.20 λ: 235 nm Amax: ≤0.10< |
| Merck | 14,2723 |
| BRN | 1900225 |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Explosive Limit | 1.2-8.3%(V) |
| Refractive Index | 1.425 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless liquid at room temperature, with a pungent odor. boiling point 80.738 ℃ freezing point 6.554 ℃ relative density 0.77855 refractive index 1.42623 flash point -18 ℃ solubility insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone and benzene. |
| Use | Mainly used in the manufacture of cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, widely used as solvent in the coating industry |
Cyclohexane - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F - Flammable Xn - Harmful  N - Dangerous for the environment  |
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R38 - Irritating to the skin R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness |
| Safety Description | S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. |
| UN IDs | UN 1145/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | GU6300000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| Autoignition Temperature | 500 °F |
| HS Code | 29021100 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LC in mice: ~60-70 mg/l air (Lazarew) |
Cyclohexane - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Benzene Hydrogen |
| Downstream Products | Cyclohexanone 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate beta-cyfluthrin Cyclohexane TRAMADOL|HCL |
Cyclohexane - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless liquid. Special odor. When the temperature is higher than 57 ℃, with anhydrous ethanol, methanol, benzene, ether, acetone and other miscible, insoluble in water. Extremely flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, in the case of open flame, high heat, easy to burn explosion. A strong reaction occurs in contact with the oxidant and even causes combustion. In a fire scene, a heated container is at risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air, and it can diffuse to a relatively far place at a lower place, and it will fire and burn back in case of a fire source.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Cyclohexane - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
benzene was hydrogenated over anhydrous ferric chloride catalyst. After washing with sodium carbonate solution, pure cyclohexane was obtained by distillation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:05
Cyclohexane - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Complexometric titration of copper, iron, silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, etc. Chromatographic analysis of standards.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:05
Cyclohexane - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
mice inhaled gas LC: about 60-70mg/L (air). The eye and upper respiratory tract have mild irritation. Staff should be protected. The working environment should be well ventilated. Keep away from fire and heat source. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:05
Cyclohexane - Uses and production methods
Uses are mainly used to manufacture cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, and are widely used as solvents in the coating industry
Uses Used as a solvent, also used in organic synthesis
Use extraction solvent; pigment diluent.
Uses Cyclohexane is mostly used in the manufacture of adipic acid, caprolactam and hexamethylene diamine (accounting for 98% of the total consumption), and a small part is used in the manufacture of cyclohexylamine and other aspects, such as fiber ethers, fats, solvents for oils, waxes, asphalt, resins and rubber; organic and recrystallization media; paint and varnish remover, etc. It can be used as raw material for nylon 6 and nylon 66. It can also be used as polymerization reaction diluent, paint release agent, detergent, adipic acid extractant and binder, etc.
Use Analytical Chemistry Determination of molecular weight, solvent, recrystallization of steroid compounds, organic synthesis (cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone), complexometric titration of copper, iron, silicon, aluminum, calcium and magnesium.
Production method
At present, almost all cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenation of pure benzene, and only Phillips company produces cyclohexane-rich fractions by fractionation. There are many methods for benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexane, and the difference lies in the catalyst, operating conditions, reactor type, and the way to remove the reaction heat. It is usually divided into two types: liquid phase method and gas phase method, and most of them are liquid phase method. Benzene hydrogenation method can be divided into:(1) benzene liquid phase hydrogenation method (French IFP method)(2) benzene gas phase hydrogenation method (Dutch DSM method)(3) benzene liquid phase hydrogenation method (UOP'SHydrar method)
Production method
It is obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene.
Separated by crude oil.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Cyclohexane - Security information
Category flammable liquids
Toxicity grading poisoning
Acute toxicity oral-rat LD50: 12705 mg/kg; Oral administration-mouse LD50: 813 mg/kg
Stimulation data skin-rabbit 1548 mg/2 days
The dangerous characteristics of explosives can be exploded by mixing with air
The hazardous characteristics of flammability are flammable when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, and oxidants; combustion produces stimulating smoke
Storage and transportation characteristics The warehouse is ventilated and dry at low temperature; it is stored separately from oxidants and acids
Fire extinguishing agent dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent
Occupational standard TWA 1050 mg/m3
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Cyclohexane - Introduction
overview
Cyclohexane (English name: Cyclohexane) is a colorless fluid liquid with gasoline odor, insoluble in water, miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene and other organic solvents. The solubility in methanol is 100 parts. Methanol can dissolve 57 parts of cyclohexane (25 ℃). Volatilization and combustion, flash point 18 ℃, steam and air form explosive mixture, explosion limit 1.3 ~ 8.3% (volume). It is relatively stable to acid and alkali, and does not react with medium concentration nitric acid or mixed acid at low temperature, and nitrification reaction occurs with dilute nitric acid in a sealed tube above 100 ℃ to generate nitrocyclohexane. Under platinum or palladium catalysis, dehydrogenation reaction occurs above 350 ℃ to produce benzene. Isomerization occurs with alumina, molybdenum sulfide, ancient, and nickel-aluminum at high temperature to generate methyloxane. Isomerized with aluminum trichloride to methyl cyclopentane under mild conditions.
Analytical purity of cyclohexane
Cyclohexane can also undergo oxidation reactions, and the main products obtained under different conditions are different. For example, 90% cyclohexanol is obtained when it is oxidized with air at a temperature of 185-200°C and 10-40 atmospheres. A mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is obtained if the cobalt salt of fatty acid or manganese salt is used as a catalyst at 120 to 140 ° C. and 18 to 24 atmospheres and is oxidized with air. Direct oxidation of cyclohexane with air, concentrated nitric acid or nitrogen dioxide at high temperature to obtain adipic acid. In the presence of palladium, molybdenum, chromium, and manganese oxides, maleic acid is obtained by gas phase oxidation. It reacts with halogen under sunlight or ultraviolet light to form halide. Reacts with nitrosyl chloride to form cyclohexoxime. Using aluminum trichloride as a catalyst to react cyclohexane with ethylene to produce ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, diethylcyclohexane and tetramethylcyclohexane.
Chemical properties
Cyclohexane is volatile and extremely flammable. Vapor and air form an explosive mixture, and the explosion limit is 1.3 ~ 8.3% (volume). It is easy to burn and explode in case of open fire and high heat. A strong reaction occurs in contact with the oxidant and even causes combustion. In the fire scene, the heated container is in danger of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower point, and it will ignite and burn back when exposed to a fire source. It is relatively stable to acid and alkali, and does not react with medium concentration nitric acid or mixed acid at low temperature, and nitrification reaction occurs with dilute nitric acid in a sealed tube above 100 ℃ to generate nitrocyclohexane. Under platinum or palladium catalysis, dehydrogenation reaction occurs above 350 ℃ to produce benzene. Isomerization occurs with alumina, molybdenum sulfide, cobalt, nickel, and aluminum at high temperature to form methyl pentane. Isomerized with aluminum trichloride to methyl cyclopentane under mild conditions.
Industrial use
used to prepare cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, caprolactam, adipic acid and nylon 6, etc. Cyclohexane is mainly used to make cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (about 90%), and further to produce adipic acid and caprolactam. They are monomers for the production of polyamides. A small amount is used as a solvent for industry and coating, and is an excellent solvent for resin, fat, paraffin oil, butyl rubber, etc. In addition, cyclohexane is also used in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. Cyclohexane is especially suitable as a solvent for styrene-butadiene rubber, and its consumption is generally more than 4 times the feeding amount. Cyclohexane is 90% used in the production of cyclohexanone, which is an intermediate product produced by caprolactam and adipic acid. It is also used as a general solvent, chromatographic analysis standard substance, photoresist solvent and organic synthesis.
Content analysis is analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GT-10). Basic conditions: the column is 18m × 3mm (inner diameter) copper or stainless steel column; Column {100 ℃ C soil 0.5 ℃. The carrier is 60/80 mesh red refractory brick (Firbrick) and the mobile phase is 30%(w) polyethylene glycol. The carrier gas is helium and the flow {is (100±0.5)ml/min. The sample size is 4 μl. The residence time was 0.84min. Then the content is calculated according to the peak area.
Toxicity
ADI is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001).
Chemical properties
It is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a pungent smell. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone and benzene.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:04:56
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Raw Materials for Cyclohexane
Downstream Products for Cyclohexane