Manganese

Manganese - Names and Identifiers

Name	Manganese
Synonyms	Manganese MN STANDARD ManganesechipsN Manganesepowdermesh Manganese nanopowder ManganesepowderNmesh Manganeseelectrolytic Manganese solution 1000 ppm Manganese solution 10 000 ppm manganese coating quality balzers
CAS	7439-96-5
EINECS	231-105-1
InChI	InChI=1/Mn
InChIKey	PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Manganese - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	Mn
Molar Mass	54.94
Density	7.3 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	1244 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	1962 °C (lit.)
Flash Point	450℃
Water Solubility	Soluble in diluted acids. Insoluble in water.
Solubility	H2O: soluble
Appearance	Powder
Specific Gravity	7.2
Color	Gray-brown to brown-black
Exposure Limit	Ceiling: 5 mg(Mn)/m3 (ACGIH and OSHA)TWA: 1 mg(Mn)/m3 (NIOSH).
Merck	13,5745
PH	<1 (H2O, 20°C)
Storage Condition	no restrictions.
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with water, strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, phosphorus.
Physical and Chemical Properties	Trait light gray metal, friable. melting point (1244±3)℃ boiling point 1962 ℃ relative density 7.20 soluble in dilute acid.
Use	For steel and iron, copper, aluminum and other alloys

Manganese - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R15 - Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases R11 - Highly Flammable R34 - Causes burns R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R2017/11/15 -
Safety Description	S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S43 - In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.) S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
UN IDs	UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	OO9625000
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	8111 00 11
Hazard Class	8
Packing Group	III
Toxicity	LD50 orally in Rabbit: 9000 mg/kg

Manganese - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials	Manganese(IV) oxide Sulfuric acid Manganese(II) carbonate Ammonia
Downstream Products	manganese(ii) sulfate Potassium permanganate Manganese(IV) oxide manganese(ii) sulfate Manganous chloride,anhydrous Manganese(II) carbonate

Manganese - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

light gray metal, brittle. The relative density was 7. 20. Melting point (1244 3) °c. Boiling point 1962 °c. Soluble in dilute acid. Manganese in water and water reaction, with halogen, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, silicon. Manganese vapors form oxides with oxygen in the air during smelting. There are cubes and four
The electrolytic manganese metal generally contains more than 99.7% of manganese in two forms of angular shape and has a complex crystal structure. Pure electrolytic manganese cannot be processed, and becomes a malleable alloy after adding 1% of nickel.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

Manganese - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

manganese carbonate method: the manganese carbonate and the anode liquid produced in the electrolysis process and its composition H2 S0435 ~ 40g/L, (NH4)2 S04 120~140g/L, mn 16~18g/L, after slurry leaching with sulfuric acid, in the solid-liquid ratio of 1.(8~10), temperature 80~95 ℃, 4~8H, leaching end pH 3.5, leaching solution by adding manganese dioxide ore powder as oxidant, plus liquid ammonia neutralization pH 7~7.2. The filtrate is added with ethyl sulfur nitrogen to remove heavy metals, and the new electrolyte is obtained by filtration and sent to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis. The anode plate is made of silver, tin, antimony and lead alloy, and the anode is made of stainless steel plate, after 24H electrolysis, the electrolytic manganese deposition thickness is 1-5~2. After Omm, regularly remove the cathode plate, passivation, hot water washing, drying, peeling, packaging is electrolytic manganese
Product.
Manganese dioxide method: pyrolusite and pulverized coal are mixed in a certain proportion, and a manganese oxide is obtained by reduction and roasting, and then sulfuric acid is used to decompose, liquid ammonia is neutralized, impurities are removed by crude filtration, and the filtrate is further removed by adding ethyl sulfur nitrogen, after fine filtration, the electrolyte is prepared, and the metal manganese deposited on the cathode plate is obtained by electrolysis, and then the cathode plate is taken out for passivation, hot water washing, drying and stripping of manganese to obtain the metal manganese.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:01

Manganese - Use

Open Data Verified Data

in the iron and steel industry, it is mainly used for desulfurization and deoxidization of steel; It is also used as the additive of alloy to improve the strength, hardness, elastic limit, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel; in high alloy steel, it is also used as austenite compound element for refining stainless steel, special alloy steel, stainless steel electrode, etc. In addition, it is also used in non-ferrous metals, chemical industry, medicine, food, analysis and scientific research.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:00

Manganese - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

packed in a wooden barrel lined with a polyethylene plastic bag, or in an iron drum, 50kg net per barrel. Flammable solids. Risk code: GB 4.1 class 41506. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse. Avoid getting wet. Should be isolated from acids, strong bases, etc. Keep away from the fire to prevent explosion. Transport should be protected from rain and sun exposure. When loading and unloading should be light to prevent packaging damage. Dust flying places should wear a dust cover, and exhaust devices should be provided in the warehouse. When there is a fire, it can be suppressed by sand and dry powder fire. Toxicity and protection: manganese can cause serious lesions of the central nervous system, severe cases can appear Parkinson's disease. Can cause serious damage to the cerebral striatum pallidum, liver, kidney and myocardial degeneration. Chronic poisoning is divided into three stages: The Beginning is the damage of the central nervous system, sometimes gastric changes and multiple neuritis; After the initial toxic encephalopathy, late for Parkinson's syndrome, characterized by; Facial inflexibility, weakness, cold mood, speech disorders, etc. Damage to the skin, can cause dermatitis, chronic eczema, so that the skin scratch is not easy to heal, lymph glands are also generally enlarged. Maximum allowable concentration: Condensed aerosol of manganese (in Mn) 0.03 mg/ma; Comminuted aerosol (in Mn). 2mg/m3. Dust masks are used when there is dust in the production. When the concentration is large, the protective masks with filters are used. The production process should be to prevent dust, smoke discharge, the leakage of manganese dust, wet cleaning of the workplace. The staff had regular medical examinations.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:02

Manganese - Reference Information

introduction	manganese chemical symbol Mn, atomic number 25. There are four isomers of α, β, γ, and δ. In nature, manganese ores (manganese oxide, manganese carbonate, manganese silicate) exist, and there are manganese nodules accumulated from manganese on the seabed. Natural content: crust 1300ppm, soil 200 ~ 3000ppm, seawater 1.7~5.0ppb, river water 180ppb, plant leaves 10 ~ 100ppm, brown rice 20 ~ 30ppm, urban atmospheric 0.01~0.05 μg/m3.
use	manganese is used in ferroalloy, special steel, dry battery and chemical reagent, etc. Manganese is mainly used for desulfurization and deoxidation of steel in the iron and steel industry; it is also used as an alloy additive to improve the strength, hardness, elastic limit, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel; in high alloy steel, It is also used as an austenitic compound element for refining stainless steel, special alloy steel, stainless steel welding rod, etc. In addition, it is also used in non-ferrous metals, chemicals, medicine, food, analysis and scientific research. It is used to make soft magnetic ferrite, enamel, pigment, manganese salt, etc. It is used as a standard liquid preparation of manganese and is used as a combustible in the ignition agent. Mainly used for making manganese steel. Manganese steel containing manganese 13% is firm and tough. It is a high-quality steel for rolling rails, wear-resistant bearings and armor plates. It is also used to make antimagnetic parts.
Source	Rich sources: brown rice, rice bran, spices, walnuts and malt, etc.; good sources: dried beans, peanuts, potatoes, soybean flour, sunflower seeds, wheat flour and whole grains (barley and sorghum, etc.);-General source: beer yeast, liver, most fruits, vegetables and black tea, etc.; trace sources: fat, oil (oil food), fish, eggs, meat, milk, poultry and sugar.
application	manganese is used to make special steel in the metallurgical industry, and ferromanganese alloy is used as desulfurizing agent and deoxidizing agent in steel production; in addition, manganese is also used as alloy, battery, etc.
toxicity	manganese can cause serious diseases of the central nervous system, and Parkinson's disease may occur in severe cases. It can cause serious damage to the globus pallidus of the striatum of the brain, and has degenerative changes to the liver, kidney and myocardium. Chronic poisoning is divided into 3 stages: the beginning is the damage of the central nervous system, sometimes the stomach changes and polyneuritis; then the initial toxic encephalopathy; the later stage is Parkinson's syndrome, which is characterized by: facial dull, Weakness, emotional coldness, speech disorders, etc. Damage to the skin can cause dermatitis and chronic eczema, making scratches on the skin not easy to heal, and lymph glands are generally swollen. Maximum allowable concentration: condensed aerosol of manganese (calculated by Mn) 0.03 mg/m3; Comminuted aerosol (calculated by Mn) 0.2 mg/m3. Dust masks are used when there is dust in production. When the concentration is large, industrial gas masks with filters are used. The production process should prevent the excretion of dust and smoke, and clean the workplace with wet method for leaking manganese dust. Regular medical examination of staff.
maximum allowable usage of food additives maximum allowable residue standard	▼ ▲ Chinese name of additive allowed to use this kind of additive Chinese name of food additive function maximum allowable usage (g/kg) maximum allowable residue (g/kg) manganese sports nutrition food nutrition fortifier 0.5-3.0mg
chemical properties	light gray metal, brittle. Soluble in dilute acid.
production method	manganese carbonate method H2SO435 the composition of manganese carbonate ore and anode liquid produced in electrolysis process ~ 40g/L, (NH4)2SO4 120~140g/L, Mnl6 ~ 18g/L, after slurrying, leaching with sulfuric acid, in the solid-liquid ratio of 1:(8~10), the temperature is 80~95 ℃, after 4~8h, the leaching end point Ph3.5, the leaching solution is added with manganese dioxide ore powder as oxidant, and the pH value is 7~7.2 after adding liquid ammonia neutralization. Coarse filtration to remove slag, filtrate to add ethyl sulfide nitrogen to remove heavy metals, filter to obtain a new liquid for electrolysis, and send it to an electrolytic cell for electrolysis. The anode plate is made of silver, tin, antimony, and lead alloy, and the anode is made of stainless steel plate. After 24 hours of electrolysis, the electrolytic manganese deposition thickness reaches 1.5~2.0mm, the cathode plate is regularly removed, and the electrolytic manganese product is obtained after passivation, hot water washing, drying, peeling and packaging. The main reactions are as follows: MnCO3 + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + H2O + CO2 ↑ MnSO4 + H2O [electrolysis] → Mn ↓ + H2SO4 +0.5O2 ↑ Manganese dioxide method mixes pyrolusite and pulverized coal in a certain proportion, is reduced and roasted to obtain manganese oxide, then acidolysis with sulfuric acid, neutralization of liquid ammonia, coarse filtration of impurities, addition of ethyl sulfide nitrogen to further remove heavy metals in the filtrate, fine filtration to prepare electrolyte, and electrolysis to obtain metallic manganese deposited on the cathode plate, then take out the cathode plate, passivate, wash with hot water, dry, and peel manganese to obtain metallic manganese. Its 2MnO2 + C → 2MnO + CO2 ↑ MnO + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + H2OMnSO4 + H2O [electrolysis] → Mn ↓ + H2SO4 +0.5O2 ↑/td>
category	more flammable solid
toxicity classification	low toxicity
acute toxicity	oral-rat LD50: 9000 mg/kg
stimulation data	skin-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours; Eye-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours
explosive hazard characteristics	blastable when mixed with oxidant
flammable hazard characteristics	flammable when exposed to open flame, high temperature and oxidant; comply with water and acid to produce flammable hydrogen
storage and transportation characteristics	warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Separate storage with oxidant and acid
fire extinguishing agent	dry powder
occupational standard	TLA-TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 3 mg/m3; CL-5 mg/m3
NIST chemical information	The information is provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical information	The information is provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link)
toxic substance data	information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov provided (external link)
immediate life-threatening and health concentration	500 mg Mn/m3