Nitroethane
Nitroethane
CAS: 79-24-3
Molecular Formula: C2H5NO2
Nitroethane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Nitroethane |
| Synonyms | 2-Nitroethane 1-Nitroethane 1-Fluoropropane n-Nonyl methacrylate |
| CAS | 79-24-3 |
| EINECS | 201-188-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3 |
Nitroethane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H5NO2 |
| Molar Mass | 75.07 |
| Density | 1.045g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -90 °C |
| Boling Point | 114-115°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 87°F |
| Water Solubility | 4.6 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | acetone: soluble(lit.) |
| Vapor Presure | 15.6 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.58 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Colorless, oily liquid |
| Exposure Limit | NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (310 mg/m3), IDLH 1,000 ppm; OSHA PEL:TWA 100 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 100 ppm (adopted). |
| Merck | 14,6596 |
| BRN | 1209324 |
| pKa | 8.5(at 25℃) |
| PH | 6 (1g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | Flammables area |
| Stability | Stability Contact with a variety of materials may cause fire or explosion, especially if heated. Incompatible with amines, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, combustible materials, metal oxides |
| Explosive Limit | 3.4%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.391(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | character colorless transparent oily liquid. |
| Use | Used as industrial solvents and pharmaceutical intermediates, explosives, rocket fuels, etc |
Nitroethane - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R10 - Flammable R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S41 - In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes. S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| UN IDs | UN 2842 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | KI5600000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29042090 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for mice 860 mg/kg, rats 1,100 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
Nitroethane - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent oily liquid. Melting Point -89. 52 °c. Boiling point 114. 07 °c. The relative density was 1.05. Refractive index 3919. Flash point 40 °c (Open Cup). Spontaneous ignition point 419. Viscosity 0.677MPA. s. Difficult to dissolve in water, with ethanol, ether, chloroform and alkali solution miscible. Flammable. Form an explosive mixture with air with an explosion limit of 3% to 5% by volume.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Nitroethane - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
direct gas phase nitration of low carbon alkanes is mainly used in industrial production. With ethane as raw material, can be nitromethane and nitroethane two products, with propane as raw material, can be prepared nitromethane, nitroethane and 1-and 2-nitropropane four products. Using ethane and propane as raw materials for nitration can change the reaction conditions to change the product ratio.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:13
Nitroethane - Use
Open Data Verified Data
used as solvents, pharmaceutical intermediates, explosives, rocket fuels and analytical chemical reagents.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:12
Nitroethane - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- the toxicity of this product is similar to that of nitromethane, but the local irritation is slightly lower than that of nitromethane. Because of its olfactory threshold of 1000 x 10-6(0.1%), it can not predict its poisoning. Guinea pig LC 30000 x 10_6. The maximum allowable concentration of nitroethane in air is 310mg/m3. Should wear protective equipment during operation, pay attention to safety. The workshop should be well ventilated and the equipment should be closed.
- Four kinds of low carbon number of Nitro alkanes can be used in the barrel, nitroethane and nitropropane can also be directly used in the tank car and the storage tank. Storage and transportation containers are generally made of carbon steel, which shall not exceed 200L, and flammable and explosive marks shall be marked on the container.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:13
Nitroethane - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 3.50 at 20.00 °C, 5.86 at 30.00 °C, 9.38 at 40.00 °C, 15.7 at 50.00 °C (inert gas stripping, Bene?and Dohnal, 1999) |
| LogP | 0.162 at 22.4℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | a colorless oily liquid with an unpleasant odor. Molecular weight 75.07. Melting Point -50 °c. Boiling point 114~114.8 deg C. The relative density was 1.0528. Refractive index 1.3917. Flash point 30 °c. It is miscible with methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform and alkali solution, very slightly soluble in water, and the solubility in water is 4.5/100mL(20 ℃), the solubility of water in this product is 0.9/100mL(20 degrees C). The vapor forms an explosive mixture with air, with an explosion limit of 3.0% to 5.0% by volume. Toxic! Due to the chemical stability of nitroethane, it can be used as a solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose ethyl ester, vinyl and alkyd resins, waxes, oils, fats and dyes, they are also used as rocket propellants and fuel AIDS as well as intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis. It can be produced by direct gas phase nitration of ethane or by the action of α-chloropropionic acid and sodium nitrite. |
| nitromethane | nitromethane is the simplest organic nitro compound, which is a colorless oily transparent liquid with weak fragrance at room temperature, has a greater polarity, flammable, toxic, explosive. Can be used as fuel. It can be miscible with ethanol, acetone, ether, is a good solvent and extractant. At the same time, due to the strong activity of nitroα-hydrogen, nitromethane is also a common raw material in chemical and organic synthesis, which is used to prepare drugs, pesticides, explosives, dyes and fibers. nitromethane is a one-carbon synthon in organic synthesis. Influenced by the electron-withdrawing effect of nitro group, the hydrogen on carbon is acidic and can be deprotonated by the action of alkali. The generated carbon anion can be 1,2-added with the aldehyde to generate a β-hydroxynitro compound, and a Nitro Olefin is generated if water is lost. This reaction is called the Henry reaction. As the donor of nucleophilic carbon anion, nitromethane can also be conjugated with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under base catalysis, which is called Michael addition reaction. nitromethane and other lower nitro compounds such as nitroethane, 1-nitropropane and 2-nitropropane are industrially prepared by nitration of propane in the gas phase of nitric acid (350-450 ° C.). The reaction is an exothermic reaction, a free radical mechanism, and the intermediate is a CH3CH2CH2O · type free radical produced by the homolysis of alkyl nitrite. Most of them are unstable and prone to breakage of the C- C bond, so a mixture of a nitro compound and a lower nitro compound is obtained by reaction. |
| nucleophilic addition reaction | Aldol-like condensation of nitroalkanes with aldehydes and ketones under the catalysis of alkali, as a β-nitroalcohol is obtained, elimination of the β-nitroalcohol tends to occur, resulting in an α,β-unsaturated nitroalkane, which is referred to as the Henry reaction. nitroethane due to the electron absorption of the nitro group, the hydrogen on the carbon adjacent to the nitro group becomes active, and after removal, it is a carbon negative ion. And benzaldehyde aldehyde in the carbon affected by oxygen, with part of the positive charge, so can be attacked, nitroethane and benzaldehyde reaction, Mr into 1-phenyl -2-nitro -1-propanol, the latter is quickly stripped of water to give 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene. |
| preparation of antihypertensive drug methyldopa | The vanillin aldehyde was methylated to veratryl aldehyde with dimethyl sulfate, then it is condensed with nitroethane to obtain 1-(2-nitropropenyl)-3 ',4'-dimethoxybenzene, which is reduced with iron powder and hydrolyzed to form 3 ',4'-dimethoxyphenyl acetone, DL-methyldopa was obtained by ring opening and hydrolysis reaction, and the antihypertensive drug methyldopa was obtained by separating the levorotatory substance. |
| dangerous situation | (1) This product is toxic, inhalation and ingestion will cause poisoning; It will be decomposed when exposed to high heat, decomposition products are highly toxic. (2) flammable, with moderate combustion risk, ignition point 415 ℃. Vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and the lower limit of explosion is 3.4%, and the upper limit is unknown. Rapid heating to high temperature can cause an explosion; Under solid closed conditions, explosion can also occur when subjected to strong explosion. The allowable concentration in air is 100ppm (310mg/m3) in the United States. |
| harmful effects and toxic symptoms | contact with the skin can cause contact dermatitis, inhalation of high concentration has anesthetic effect. |
| first aid | if this chemical enters the eyes, rinse with water immediately; If it contacts the skin, wash with soap and water promptly; if a large amount of inhalation, immediately move away from the scene to fresh air, if necessary, artificial respiration; If swallowed, emetic, gastric lavage, give medical attention, symptomatic treatment; in severe cases, the patient was not required to induce vomiting. |
| Protection Measure | ventilation shall be enhanced at the production site and the equipment shall be closed. Proper work clothes should be worn during operation to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Face masks or isolated respirators are also required to prevent the inhalation of smoke and gases. Workers should rinse quickly if the skin is wet or contaminated. If the work clothes are wet or contaminated, take them off immediately to avoid the risk of burning. |
| storage | glass bottles or iron barrels shall be used to prevent mechanical damage; Used containers shall not be used for holding. It is best to use the open air or attached warehouse in the outdoor storage, indoor must be placed in the flammable liquid Library. Isolation with other flammable liquids or gases. Explosive and hazardous operations are prohibited in the vicinity of the warehouse area. Separated from the oxidizing agent. |
| Application | used in industrial solvents and pharmaceutical intermediates, explosives, rocket fuels, etc. used in solvents, pharmaceutical intermediates, explosives, rocket fuels and analytical chemical reagents. used as solvent, also used in organic synthesis solvent. Organic Synthesis. |
| production method | the direct gas phase nitration of light alkanes is mainly used in industry. With methane as the raw material, only nitromethane is produced; With ethane as the raw material, two products of nitromethane and nitroethane can be produced; With propane as the raw material, methane, nitroethane and 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropane four kinds of products. If ethane and propane are used as raw materials, the product ratio can be changed by changing the conditions. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1100 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 860 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosion under heat |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of fire, high temperature, oxidant flammable; thermal decomposition of toxic nitrogen oxide gas |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from oxidants, alkalis and hydrocarbons |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 310 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 778 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 1,000 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:11
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