Triamterene
Triamterene
CAS: 396-01-0
Molecular Formula: C12H11N7
Triamterene - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Triamterene |
| Synonyms | dytac ditak diren dyren diurene dyrenium 6-Phenyl- Triamterene Triamterenum 7-pteridinetriamine,6-phenyl-4 2,4,7-Triamino-6-phenylpteridine |
| CAS | 396-01-0 |
| EINECS | 206-904-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C12H11N7/c13-9-7(6-4-2-1-3-5-6)16-8-10(14)18-12(15)19-11(8)17-9/h1-5H,(H6,13,14,15,17,18,19) |
| InChIKey | FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Triamterene - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C12H11N7 |
| Molar Mass | 253.26 |
| Density | 1.3215 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 316°C |
| Boling Point | 386.46°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 11°C |
| Solubility | formic acid: soluble200 mg + 4 mL warm Formic Acid, clear, yellow-green |
| Appearance | neat |
| Color | Pale Yellow to Yellow |
| Merck | 14,9599 |
| BRN | 266723 |
| pKa | 6.2(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.8260 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Yellow crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless. Insoluble in water, ethanol, chloroform or ether, very slightly soluble in acetic acid, almost insoluble in dilute inorganic acid. Melting Point: 320-322 ℃ |
| Use | Low-efficiency diuretics. For hypokalemia and hyperchloremia and intractable edema caused by various reasons. |
Triamterene - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R23/25 - Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | 2811 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | UO3470000 |
| HS Code | 2933997500 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(b) |
| Packing Group | III |
Triamterene - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Ethyl cyanoacetate |
Triamterene - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 2,4, 7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine. Calculated as dry product, containing C12HNN7 shall not be less than 98.5%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Triamterene - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is yellow crystalline powder; Odorless or almost odorless.
- This product is insoluble in water, ethanol, chloroform or ether; It is slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid, and almost insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:14
Triamterene - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take about 10mg of this product, add 5ml of dilute sulfuric acid, shake for several minutes, filter, the filtrate shows blue-green fluorescence; After dilution with water, the fluorescence will be enhanced. The solution was divided into 2 parts: one part was made alkaline by adding ammonia test solution and turned into blue violet light; The other part was made alkaline by adding 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and the fluorescence disappeared.
- take this product, add 10% acetic acid solution to dissolve and dilute to make a solution containing about 5ug per lml, and measure by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (General 0401), there is an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 360nm.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:14
Triamterene - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
Related substances
Take 20mg of this product, add dimethyl sulfoxide 4mU to dissolve, dilute with methanol to 25ml, as a test solution; Take 1ml precision, put in 200ml measuring flask, as a control solution, it was diluted to the scale with methanol and shaken. Another 20mg of this product and theophylline 20mg, add dimethyl sulfoxide 4ml to dissolve, dilute with methyl alcohol to 25ml, as a system applicable solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (pass side 0502) test, Draw 5 u1 of each of the above three solutions, respectively point on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, with ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia solution (9:1:1) for the purpose of developing the solvent, spreading, drying, first set the UV lamp (254nm) to view, the system applicable solution should show two clearly separated spots; Then set the UV lamp (365nm) to view, if the test solution shows impurity spots, the fluorescence intensity should not be stronger than that of the control solution.
loss on drying
take this product, dry to constant weight at 105°C, weight loss shall not exceed 0.5% (General rule 0831).
ignition residue
not more than 0.1% (General rule 0841).
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:15
Triamterene - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take about 0.lg of this product, precision weighing, add 20ml of glacial acetic acid, heat to dissolve, cool, add 10ml of acetic anhydride and 2 drops of quinaldine red indicator solution, titrate with perchloric acid titration solution (0.05mol/L) until the red color of the solution disappears, and the titration result is corrected by a blank test. Each 1 ml perchloric acid titration solution (0.05mol/L) corresponds to 12.66mg of C12H11N7.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:16
Triamterene - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
diuretics.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:16
Triamterene - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:16
Triamterene - Triamterene tablets
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains 93.0% ~ 107.0% of the labeled amount of triamterene (C12H11N7).
trait
This product is yellow.
identification
take an appropriate amount of the fine powder of this product (about 10 mg of triamterene), and show the same reaction according to the identification (1) Test under the item of triamterene.
examination
- dissolution dissolution of this product, according to the dissolution and release determination method (General rule 0931 The first method), hydrochloric acid solution (9-100) as the dissolution medium, the speed is rpm, operate according to law, after 45 minutes, take 10ml of solution, filter, take 5ml of filtrate accurately, put it in 50ml measuring flask, dilute it to scale with dissolution medium, shake well, as a test solution; Take another 10mg of triamterene reference substance, weigh it accurately, put it in a 200ml measuring flask, add 1 ml of glacial acetic acid and an appropriate amount of dissolution medium, shake to dissolve it, and dilute it to the scale with dissolution medium, 5ml was accurately measured, placed in a 50ml measuring flask, diluted to the scale with dissolution medium, and shaken to serve as a reference solution. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 0401 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (general), and the elution amount of each tablet was calculated. The limit is 75% of the labeled amount and shall be in accordance with the provisions.
- others shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions under the item of tablets (General rule 0101).
Content determination
Take 10 tablets of this product, precision weighing, fine grinding, precision weighing an appropriate amount (about 50mg equivalent to triamterene), put it in a beaker, add 25ml of glacial acetic acid and water, carefully heat, stir to dissolve triamterene, let it cool, move to a 500ml measuring flask, dilute to the scale with water, shake well, filter, Take 5ml of continued filtrate, and place it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute with dilute acetic acid to the scale, shake, according to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General rule 0401), measured at a wavelength of 843 nm absorbance, according to C12H11N7 absorption coefficient of calculation, obtained.
category
with triamterene.
specification
50mg
storage
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 15:37:17
Triamterene - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 108) 2016 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which has the diuretic effect of potassium retention and sodium excretion similar to spironolactone, but the mechanism of action is different. Sodium chloride is used to inhibit aldosterone secretion or remove the adrenal gland. It still has a diuretic effect. The site of action is in the distal tubule, which inhibits the exchange of sodium and potassium ions, increases the excretion of Na and Cl-in urine, and decreases the excretion of K. It can also inhibit the reabsorption of Na and the secretion of K. This product has weak diuretic effect. When combined with diuretic drugs such as thiazides, it can not only strengthen the latter's natriuretic effect, but also reduce the adverse reactions caused by the latter's potassium excretion. In addition, it also has the effect of excretion of uric acid. Long-term use can increase the level of urea in the blood. It is mainly used for intractable edema or ascites caused by heart failure, liver cirrhosis and chronic nephritis. This product can also be used if hydrochlorothiazide or spironolactone is ineffective. Seven commonly used diuretics, including triamterene, amiloride, vecemide, bumeitanide, chlorothiazide, indapamide, and benfluthiazide, are potassium-retaining diuretics, loop diuretics and phagocytic diuretics, which are listed as banned substances by the International Olympic Committee. |
| character | is yellow crystalline powder, odorless or almost odorless, tasteless. Insoluble in water, ethanol, chloroform or ether, very slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid, almost insoluble in dilute inorganic acid. Fig. 1 is the structural formula of triamterene |
| pharmacological action | this product is a potassium-sparing diuretic. by directly inhibiting Na -K exchange between distal renal tubules and collecting ducts, the excretion of Na, Cl-and water is increased, while the excretion of k is reduced. |
| pharmacokinetics | rapid absorption after oral administration, absorption degree is 30% ~ 70%, plasma protein binding rate is 40% ~ 70%. After a single dose of oral 2~4h, the effect reached a peak at 6h, and the duration of action was 7~9h. The half-life (t1/2) is 1.5~2h, t1/2 is extended to 10h when the urine is administered 1~2 times a day, and t1/2 is extended to 9~16h (average 12.5h) when the urine is administered 4 times a day. After absorption, most of them are quickly metabolized by the liver, excreted by the kidneys, and a few are excreted by bile. (2015-11-17) |
| indications | are mainly used to treat edematous diseases; including congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis ascites, nephrotic syndrome and water and sodium retention during adrenal glucocorticoid treatment; it can also be used to treat idiopathic edema. |
| usage and dosage | oral administration 1. common dosage for adults: the initial dosage is 25~100mg a day, taken twice, when combined with other diuretic drugs, the dosage can be reduced. The maintenance phase can be changed to alternate day therapy. The maximum amount per day shall not exceed 300mg. 2. Common dosage for children: the initial dosage is 2~4 mg/kg or 120mg/m2 per day, taken in 2 times, daily or every other day. Adjust the dose as appropriate later. The maximum amount per day is ≤ 6 mg/kg or 300mg/m2. |
| adverse reactions | 1. common hyperkalemia. 2. Rare: ① gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea, etc.; ② hyponatremia; ③ dizziness and headache; ④ photosensitivity. 3. Rare: ①Allergy, such as rash, dyspnea; ②Blood system damage, such as granulocytopenia and even agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, megaloblastic anemia (interference with folic acid metabolism); ③Kidney stones, It has been reported that the incidence of kidney stones in patients who take this product for a long time is 1/1500. |
| precautions | 1. disabled when hyperkalemia. The blood potassium concentration should be understood before medication, but in some cases, the blood potassium concentration does not really reflect the potassium storage in the body. For example, when acidosis occurs, potassium is transferred from intracellular to extracellular and hyperkalemia is prone to occur. After acidosis is corrected, the blood potassium concentration can decrease. If hyperkalemia occurs during medication, the drug should be stopped immediately and treated accordingly. 2. Use with caution: ① anuria; ② renal insufficiency; ③ diabetes; ④ liver insufficiency; ⑤ hyponatremia; ⑥ acidosis; ⑦ hyperuricemia or a history of gout; ⑧ Kidney stones or patients with this history. 3. Elderly patients are more prone to hyperkalemia and renal damage when using this product. 4. Take medicine when eating or after meals to reduce gastrointestinal reactions and may improve the bioavailability of this product. 5. Administration should be individualized, starting from the minimum effective amount to reduce adverse reactions such as electrolyte disturbance. If the drug is administered once a day, it should be administered in the morning to avoid increased urination at night. 6. Interference with diagnosis: ①Interfering with the results of fluorescence determination of quinidine concentration in blood; ②Increase the following measurement values, blood sugar (especially diabetes), blood creatinine and urea nitrogen (especially when renal function is impaired), plasma renin, blood potassium, blood magnesium, blood uric acid and urinary acid excretion; ③Decrease blood sodium. |
| drug interaction | 1. adrenocortical hormone, especially those with strong mineralocorticoid effect, and adrenocorticotropic hormone can weaken the diuretic effect of this product and antagonize the potassium retention effect of this product. 2. Estrogen can cause water and sodium retention, thus weakening the diuretic effect of this product. 3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, especially indomethacin, can reduce the diuretic effect of this product, and increase renal toxicity when combined. 4. Sympathomimetic drugs reduce the antihypertensive effect of this product. 5. Dopamine strengthens the diuretic effect of this drug. 6. In combination with drugs that cause blood pressure drop, diuretic and antihypertensive effects are strengthened. 7. When combined with the following drugs, the chance of hyperkalemia increases, such as potassium-containing drugs, blood stock (30mmol/L potassium, 65mmol/L potassium in stock for more than 10 days), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and cyclosporine, etc. 8. When combined with glucose-insulin solution, alkali agent and sodium-type potassium-lowering exchange resin, the chance of hyperkalemia is reduced. 9. This product prolongs t1/2 of digoxin. 10. Metabolic acidosis is easy to occur when combined with ammonium chloride. 11. When combined with nephrotoxic drugs, nephrotoxicity increases. 12. Sodium glycyrrhiza and licorice preparations have aldosterone-like effects, which can reduce the diuretic effect of this product. 13. Because it can increase blood uric acid, it can further increase blood uric acid when combined with thiazide and loop diuretic drugs, so it should be combined with drugs for the treatment of gout. 14. It can increase blood sugar. When combined with hypoglycemic drugs, the latter dose should be appropriately increased. |
| dosage form specification | triamterene tablets 50mg. |
| use | weak diuretics. The effect is rapid and short. It starts diuresis at 2h after oral administration, reaches a peak at 6h, and the effect lasts for 8-12h. It is clinically used for intractable edema or ascites caused by heart failure, liver cirrhosis and chronic nephritis, and is also used for hydrochlorothiazide Or spironolactone cases without production. The product has the effect of eliminating uric acid and is suitable for the treatment of gout. inefficient diuretics. Used for hypokalemia and perchloric acidemia and refractory edema caused by various reasons. |
| production method | 5-nitroso -2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and anhydrous ethanol are refluxed together for 1h, a part of cyanobenzyl and sodium ethoxide are added, the rest of cyanobenzyl and sodium ethoxide are added after refluxing for 2h, refluxing is is continued for 5h, cooling to about 10 ℃, filtering, washing with boiling water to obtain crude triamterene. The crude product, concentrated sulfuric acid and activated carbon are added to water, refluxed for 45min, filtered while hot, the filtrate is heated to boiling, ED-TA disodium salt is added, adjusted to pH9 with concentrated ammonia water, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the finished product. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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CAS: 396-01-0
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Raw Materials for Triamterene