三氧化二锑
Antimony(III) oxide
CAS: 1309-64-4;1327-33-9
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2
三氧化二锑 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Antimony(III) oxide |
| Synonyms | a1530 SB OXIDE C.I. 77052 oxoantimony ANTIMONY OXIDE ANTIMONOUS OXIDE dioxodistiboxane ANTIMONY(+3)OXIDE ANTIMON(III)OXIDE ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE Antimony trioxide diantimony trioxide Antimony(III) oxide Antimonyoxidepowder DI-ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE Antimony (III) oxide C.I. Pigment White 11 Antimonyoxideelecgrwhitepowder |
| CAS | 1309-64-4 1327-33-9 |
| EINECS | 215-175-0 |
| InChI | InChI=1/O.Sb/q;+3/rOSb/c1-2/q+3 |
| InChIKey | MUBFITUCTVFSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
三氧化二锑 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | O3Sb2 |
| Molar Mass | 291.52 |
| Density | 5.20 |
| Melting Point | 655 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 1550 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 1550°C subl. |
| Water Solubility | Slightly soluble. |
| Solubility | 2.70mg/l |
| Vapor Presure | 13.3 hPa (660 °C) |
| Appearance | White crystal |
| Specific Gravity | 5.67 |
| Color | White |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 50 mg/m3; TWA 0.5 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,711 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. |
| Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
| MDL | MFCD00011214 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White or gray orthorhombic or equiaxed crystal powder. melting point 656 ℃ boiling point 1550 ℃ relative density 5.67 solubility soluble in hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, tartaric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute sulfuric acid. white or gray orthorhombic or equiaxed crystalline powder. After heating, it turns yellow, and after cooling, it turns white or gray again. Density 5.2g/cm3, melting point 656 ℃, boiling point 1550 ℃ (sublimation), below 557 ℃ for stable orthorhombic crystal system, above 557 ℃ for stable equiaxed crystal system. Soluble in hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, tartaric acid, acetic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute sulfuric acid. Is an amphoteric oxide. It is reduced to metallic antimony by solid carbon or carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other gases at low temperature. |
| Use | Used as white pigment, white glass, enamel, medicine, cement, filler, mordant and fire-retardant coatings, etc. excellent inorganic white pigment, mainly used for paint coloring. For a variety of resin, synthetic rubber, canvas, paper, paint and other flame retardants, petrochemical, synthetic fiber catalyst. For the manufacture of mordant, lactalbumin, is the raw material for the synthesis of antimony salt. The enamel industry is used to increase the opacity and surface gloss of enamel. The glass industry is used as a decolorizing agent in place of arsenious acid. |
三氧化二锑 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| UN IDs | 1549 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | CC5650000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28258000 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: >20 g/kg (Smyth) |
三氧化二锑 - Upstream Downstream Industry
三氧化二锑 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white odorless crystalline powder. Melting point 655 °c, boiling point 1425 °c. The sublimation temperature in a vacuum environment was 400 °c.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
三氧化二锑 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The preparation method is divided into a dry method and a wet method. The dry method is a method for producing a product from stibnite or metallic antimony by roasting and oxidation. The wet process is a process by which stibnite or metallic antimony is reacted with an acid by a liquid phase process to produce a product.
- dry process: stibnite (Sb2 s3) was calcined at 1000 °c in the presence of Coke. The antimony trioxide vapor generated by oxidation is collected, and after condensation, the metal antimony is generated by heating and reduction with Coke using soda ash as flux. The resulting metallic antimony is then oxidized in air to give antimony trioxide.
- wet process (1) antimony salt ammonolysis method: Antimony trichloride is generated by reacting metallic antimony with chlorine gas, and antimony trioxide is obtained by distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifugal separation and drying. (2) hydrochloric acid method using stibnite as raw material: Stibnite reacts with hydrochloric acid in the presence of nitric acid, and is hydrolyzed, precipitated and dried to obtain a finished product.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:52
三氧化二锑 - Introduction
No smell. Soluble in alkali hydroxide, tartaric acid and alkali sulfide solution, slightly soluble in water, dilute nitric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:13:12
三氧化二锑 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
antimony trioxide is an additive flame retardant, which is often used in combination with other flame retardants and smoke suppressants, and synergistic effects can be produced among the components. Antimony trioxide in the early stage of combustion, the first is melting, forming a protective film on the surface of the material to isolate the air, through the internal endothermic reaction, reduce the combustion temperature. Antimony trioxide is vaporized at high temperature, diluting the oxygen concentration in the air, thus playing a flame retardant role.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:53
三氧化二锑 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
The reagent was filled in glass bottles with a net weight of 500g per bottle. Other plastic woven bags or iron barrels lined with polyethylene plastic bags, 50kg net weight per bag or barrel. Store in a cool and dry warehouse. Do not store and mix with concentrated inorganic acid and caustic soda. During transport, it shall be protected from rain, sun and light, sealed and preserved. Toxicity and protection: acute poisoning for the respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin irritation. Chronic poisoning can affect metabolism, dry skin, chapped fingers and nose, and can cause allergic conditions (eczema, urticaria). Through respiratory poisoning, can give a lot of sweet tea or coffee drinks, aspirin, aminopyrine. Swallow the dust poisoning, can be used tannic acid solution, protein water repeated gastric lavage, take warm milk, mucous beverage (barley rice soup). The maximum allowable concentration in air is 1mg/m3. Use protective equipment during operation. Dust formation and emission into the air of the workshop should be prevented.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:53
三氧化二锑 - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 47) 1989 |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| antimony oxygen compound | antimony trioxide and antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide are three kinds of compounds formed by antimony and oxygen with industrial use at present. antimony and oxygen can form a series of oxides, including Sb2O3, Sb2O4, Sb2O5, Sb6O13, Sb2O and gaseous SbO, but only the first three are meaningful in industrial production, other oxides are mostly transition products in different production processes of antimony. Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3,Mr291.50) is a double-type substance, with cubic crystal type and monoclinic crystal type. The crystal form is different, and the density and refractive index are slightly different. The density and refractive index of cubic crystal form are 5.2 and 2.087 respectively, while monoclinic crystal form is 5.67 and 2.180 respectively. Sb2O3 usually produced by the hydrolysis of SbCl3 is an orthorhombic crystal, which is burned to red heat in inert gas or vacuum, and sublimated to obtain square crystals. Antimony trioxide is a white powder with a density of 5.67g/cm3. It turns yellow when heated and white when cooled. It melts into a light yellow or gray liquid at 656 ℃, and then turns into a white asbestos-like mercerized substance after cooling. Antimony trioxide is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and dilute acid, easily soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid solution, and also soluble in fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid; soluble in alkali to form antimonate. Antimony trioxide is not very toxic, but it has an irritating effect on the nose, eyes, throat, respiratory tract and other organs. Contact with the skin can induce dermatitis. Antimony trioxide is mainly prepared by dry method and wet method. The dry method is to reduce the crude antimony trioxide produced by forging sulfur antimony ore in the presence of coke, use soda ash as a flux to reduce it to metallic antimony, and then oxidize it in air to obtain pure antimony trioxide. The wet method is obtained by leaching sulfur antimony ore with hydrochloric acid to produce antimony trichloride, and then hydrolyzed with caustic soda. |
| additive flame retardant | antimony trioxide is a widely used additive flame retardant, suitable for general flame retardants of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane and other plastics. When used alone, the flame retardant effect is low, and it is combined with phosphate esters, chlorine-containing compounds (such as chlorinated paraffins, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchlorinated decane, etc.), and bromine-containing compounds (such as hexabromobiphenyl, Hexabromobenzene) has a good synergistic effect, and the flame retardant efficiency is significantly improved. When antimony trioxide is combined with chloride or bromide, antimony chloride or antimony bromide is formed. They are both reactive and volatile substances. They can promote the movement of halogens and the formation of carbides in the solid state, and can capture them in the gaseous state. Free radicals, these reactions help flame retardancy. Changhe zinc oxide, sodium hydroxide and other as brominated flame retardants synergist in plastic fire protection system application. Antimony trioxide can be used to make potassium antimony tartrate, pigments, porcelain glazes, mordants, etc. It is also used as a catalyst for polycondensation of polyester. fig. 2 is the reference quality standard of superior antimony trioxide |
| prepare antimony trioxide from potassium antimony tartrate | add ammonia water to the boiling liquid of potassium antimony tartrate (one part of potassium antimony tartrate K(SbO) C4H4O6 is dissolved in 10 parts of water), boil for a period of time, filter and wash to obtain antimony trioxide. the antimony trioxide prepared by hydrolysis method only detected trace amounts of silicon and magnesium by spectral qualitative analysis. Suitable for spectral analysis standard. add 15g of analytically pure antimony trioxide into a 500ml beaker, then add 30ml of high purity hydrochloric acid (1 1), and dissolve it under stirring. Filter the solution with a washed glass sand funnel to remove insoluble impurities, and then dilute the filtrate to 400ml with high purity water. At this time, the precipitation of white antimony oxychloride is precipitated. After the solution is clarified, pour out the clear liquid and wash the precipitate several times by pouring. In the washed precipitate, 200 ml of high purity ammonia water (1.25) is added and boiled for 5-10min. At this time, antimony oxychloride is converted into antimony trioxide, and the generated antimony trioxide particles are much smaller than antimony oxychloride. Pour out the clear liquid and boil it several times with dilute ammonia water in the same way. Use silver nitrate to check the washing liquid. When the poured liquid no longer contains chloride ions, it has been completely converted into antimony trioxide. Then wash the precipitate several times by pouring high purity water. After filtration with a Brinell funnel, wash the precipitate with high-purity water until the lotion is neutral. The washed precipitate is dried to a constant amount at 150 ℃ in an oven, and then taken out for cooling is the finished product of antimony trioxide. Reference materials: Wu Xinyou, Yuan Shengquan, Zhai Jin milling. Manual of purification and preparation of analytical reagents. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press. |
| toxicity | acute poisoning is manifested as irritation to respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin. Chronic poisoning can affect metabolism, dry skin, chapped fingers and nose, and can cause allergic diseases (eczema, urticaria). When poisoning through the respiratory tract, you can give a lot of sweet tea or coffee drinks, aspirin, and aminopyrine. When swallowing dust poisoning, you can use tannic acid solution and protein water to repeatedly lavage the stomach, take warm milk, mucus beverage (barley rice soup). The maximum allowable concentration in air is 1 mg/m3. Use protective equipment during operation. To prevent dust formation and discharge into the workshop air. |
| use | used as a high purity reagent, mordant and anti-light agent, also used in the preparation of pigments and antimony potassium tartrate as a flame retardant It is widely used in plastics, rubber, textiles, chemical fibers, pigments, paints, electronics and other industries, also used as catalyst and raw material for chemical industry used as white pigment, white glass, enamel, medicine, cement, filler, mordant and fireproof coating etc excellent inorganic white pigment, mainly used for paint coloring. Used as flame retardants for various resins, synthetic rubber, canvas, paper, coatings, etc., catalysts for petrochemical and synthetic fibers. It is used to make mordant and milky whitening agent, and is the raw material for synthesizing antimony salt. The enamel industry is used to increase the opacity and surface luster of enamel. The glass industry is used as a decolorant instead of arsenous acid. used as a flame retardant for various resins, synthetic rubber, canvas, paper, coatings, etc., as well as a catalyst for petrochemical and synthetic fibers. It is used to make mordant and milky whitening agent, and is the raw material for synthesizing antimony salt. The enamel industry is used as an additive to increase the opacity and surface gloss of enamel. The glass industry is used as a decolorant instead of arsenous acid. Medicine, metallurgy, military industry, etc. |
| production method | is divided into dry method and wet method. The dry method is a method of producing products from stibnite or metal antimony by roasting and oxidation. Wet method is a method of producing products from stibnite or metal antimony by liquid phase reaction with acid. Dry antimonite (Sb2S3) was calcined at 1000 ℃ in the presence of coke. The antimony trioxide vapor generated by oxidation is collected, and after condensation, soda ash is used as a flux, and the coke is heated and reduced to generate metallic antimony. The resulting metal antimony is then oxidized in air to obtain antimony trioxide. Its 2Sb2S3+9O2 → 2Sb2O3+6SO2 ↑ Sb2O3 + 3C → 2Sb + 3CO ↑ 4Sb +3O2 → 2Sb2O3 wet antimony salt ammonolysis method reacts metal antimony with chlorine to generate antimony trichloride, which undergoes distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifugal separation and drying to obtain antimony trioxide finished products. Its 2Sb +3C12 → 2SbC13SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl4SbOCl + H2O → Sb2O3?2SbOCl +2 HCl2SbOC1?Sb2O3 + 2NH4OH → 2Sb2O3 + 2NH4CI + H2O uses stibnite as raw material hydrochloric acid to react with hydrochloric acid, reacts in the presence of nitric acid, and the finished product is obtained by hydrolysis, precipitation and drying. The preparation methods of antimony white are divided into dry method and wet method. The dry method includes the metal antimony method and the stibnite method; the wet method includes the acid leaching method and the antimony salt decomposition method. Dry metal antimony method (dry method). Reaction equation: Sb + O2 → Sb2O3 operation method: 700kg 99.8% metal antimony (containing 29 × 10-6 sulfur) is heated to 1200 ℃ in a graphite furnace, air is passed at 0.3 m3/min for 5min until the sulfur dioxide content in the exhaust gas is ≤ 5 × 10-6, cooled to 786 ℃, and air is discharged at a speed of 2 m3/min for 12h to obtain antimony white yield of 92.1%. stibnite method (dry method). Reaction equation: 2Sb2S3+9O2 → 2Sb2O3+6SO2 ↑ Sb2O3 + 3C → 2Sb + 3CO ↑ 4Sb + O2 → 2Sb2O3 operation method: select high-grade stibnite containing Sb 50% ~ 60%,As 0.1%,Pb 0.007%,Fe 0.16%, S 11.42%, Al2O3 0.66%,CaO 4.75%,MgO<0.5%, SiO2 8.65%, HgO 0.0026%. Mix this concentrate with iron ore (Fe 50.17%) and 2% limestone (CaO>50%), which account for the 10% of antimony concentrate, add it to the liquid slag bath of the fuming furnace at a certain speed, and drum up a mixture of air and pulverized coal to adjust the temperature of the liquid slag and the atmosphere in the furnace, keep the temperature at about 1250 ℃, CO2/CO in the gas phase of the furnace is 4.78, 1 g PO2 =-8.33, and add the furnace charge to continuously melt, antimony mainly smokes into the gas phase in the form of Sb2O3 and a small amount of sulfide. When purifying the flue gas, it is sucked and burned through the flue and combustion chamber to convert the sulfide into Sb2O3. The oxides in the flue gas are then collected in each section of dust collection equipment. Among them, the flue vortex collects antimony oxygen, and the dust collected by the electric dust collector has a high purity and can be used as antimony white. The dust collection tail gas is emptied after absorbing sulfur dioxide. After adding the given charge, the blown air coal continues to melt and smoke for about 1h, and when there is basically no white volatiles in the flue gas, the process ends and 2/3 slag is released. Acid leaching (wet). Reaction equation: Sb2S3 + 6HCl → 2SbCl3 + 3H2S ↑ SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl 2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → Sb2O3 + NH4Cl + H2O operation method: take 600kg of antimony sulfide ore containing Sb 60.07%, Pb 0.9% and below 60 mesh, add acid-resistant leaching barrels one after another, and the leaching solution is composed of HCl 1.0mol/L, Fe2 +70g/L (FeCl2),Sb3 +4.2g/L, leaching solution: solid = 2:1, steam is heated to 80 ℃, under mechanical stirring, chlorine is introduced for leaching for 6 hours. Filtration and purification to obtain a leaching solution containing Sb 283g/L, hydrolyzed at normal temperature, antimony chloride is washed with clear water for many times, neutralized with ammonia water for 30min,pH = 8~9, then washed to pH = 7, filtered and dried to obtain 406kg of antimony white powder, including Sb2O3 99.80%, particle size below 325 mesh, and whiteness 97%. Antimony salt decomposition (wet method). Reaction equation: 2Sb +3Cl2 → 2SbCl3 SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl + 4SbOCl + H2O → Sb2O3 · 2SbOCl + 2HCl Sb2O3 · 2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → 2Sb2O3 + 2NH4Cl + H2O operation method: the metal antimony is reacted with chlorine gas to generate antimony trichloride, and the finished product of antimony trioxide is prepared by distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifugal separation and drying. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | abdominal cavity-rat LD50: 3250 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 172 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | combustible; combustion produces toxic antimonide smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from food raw materials, BRF3 and chlorinated rubber |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
| occupational standard | TWA 0.5 mg (antimony)/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:11:58
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