1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloroethane
CAS: 1300-21-6;107-06-2;52399-93-6
Molecular Formula: C2H4Cl2
1,2-Dichloroethane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Dichloroethane |
| Synonyms | Dichloroethane Ethane dichloride Ethylene chloride Glycol dichloride sym-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1-dichloroethane Ethylene dichloride 1,2-dichloro-Ethane Ethane,1,2-dichloro- Ethane, dichloro-(8CI,9CI) |
| CAS | 1300-21-6 107-06-2 52399-93-6 |
| EINECS | 215-077-8 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H4Cl2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2 |
1,2-Dichloroethane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H4Cl2 |
| Molar Mass | 98.96 |
| Density | 1.2521 g/cm3(Temp: 204 °C) |
| Melting Point | -35℃ |
| Boling Point | 82-84 °C |
| Flash Point | 15.6°C |
| Water Solubility | 8.7 g/L (20℃) |
| Vapor Presure | 83.9mmHg at 25°C |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Refractive Index | 1.412 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless transparent oily liquid with chloroform-like odor, sweet melting point -35.3 ℃ boiling point 83.7 ℃ relative density 1.2529 refractive index 1.4448 flash point 17 ℃ soluble in about 120 times of water, miscible with ethanol, chloroform and ether. Soluble oil and lipid, grease, paraffin |
| Use | Mainly used for vinyl chloride, ethylene glycol, oxalic acid, ethylene diamine, tetraethyl lead, polyethylene polyamine and biphenyl formyl raw materials. Also used as oil, resin, rubber solvent, dry cleaning agent, pesticide in addition to early chrysanthemum, caffeine, vitamins, hormone extractant, wetting agent, impregnating agent, petroleum dewaxing, anti-seismic agent, it is also used in the manufacture of pesticides and the raw materials of the drugs of the drug and the drug. Can be used as food in agriculture? |
1,2-Dichloroethane - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F - Flammable T - Toxic  |
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R45 - May cause cancer |
| Safety Description | S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| UN IDs | UN 1184 |
| Toxicity | 急性经口LD50：大鼠为670～890mg/kg，小鼠为870～950mg/kg，兔为860～970mg/kg。人体1次性过量或反复接触二氯乙烷，肝脏和肾脏都会受到伤害。从急性毒性看来，比四氯化碳稍高一些。二氯乙烷也是中枢神经系统的抑制剂和肺部刺激剂。从慢性毒性看来，又比四氯化碳安全。实践中，大多数人对二氯乙烷的亚致死浓度都无法忍受或出现呕吐。二氯乙烷的毒性对昆虫不如其他常用的熏蒸剂。 |
1,2-Dichloroethane - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Ethylene Oxide Chlorine Phosphorus trichloride Ethyl Alcohol Ethylene |
| Downstream Products | Acephate Paclobutrazol |
1,2-Dichloroethane - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent liquid. The critical temperature is 290 ℃ and the critical pressure is 5. 36MPa. With ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and other organic solvents miscible, soluble in about 120 water. Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, in the case of open flame, high heat caused by combustion, and even explosion, and release of toxic gases. The reaction occurs in contact with an oxidizing agent.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
1,2-Dichloroethane - Preparation Method
Open Data Unverified Data
The Industrial Product 1,2-dichloroethane was washed with concentrated sulfuric acid until the acid layer was colorless, then washed with 5% calcium hydroxide solution, and then washed with water once, and the aqueous layer was separated. After drying with anhydrous calcium chloride, rectification was performed. 1,2-= ethyl chloride can form an azeotropic mixture with water, containing 8.9% water, with a azeotropic point of 77 °c. The use of this property to remove a large amount of water and then dried and distilled to obtain a pure 1,2-dichloroethane.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
1,2-Dichloroethane - Use
Open Data Verified Data
extractants for boron analysis, oils and tobacco. It is also used in the manufacture of acetyl cellulose.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:24:58
1,2-Dichloroethane - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LDso: 770mg]kg. Its vapor on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation, causing corneal opacity, balance disorders, anesthesia, abdominal spasm. If contact with the eyes, skin, you need to use a large number of flowing water rinse. The vapor and air form an explosive mixture with an explosion limit of 6. 2% to 15. 6% by volume. The containers are sealed and stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent direct sunlight. The bin temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Mixing with oxidant, acids, alkalis and edible chemicals is strictly prohibited.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:24:59
1,2-Dichloroethane - Reference Information
| Introduction | dichloroethane is a compound in which two hydrogen atoms in an ethane molecule are replaced by two chlorine atoms, there are two isomers: 1, 1-dichloroethane and 1, 2-dichloroethane. The structural formulae are CH3-CHCl2 and ClCH2-CH2Cl, respectively. 1, 2-dichloroethane is also known as ethylene dichloride. Colorless oily liquid. Chloroform odor. Sweet taste. The relative density was 1.2351. Melting Point -35.3 °c, freezing point -40 °c. Boiling point 83.5 C, 20 C (8.399 X 103Pa). Refractive index 1.4448. Flash point 21 °c, 17 °c (closed). Ignition point: 413 ℃. Viscosity 0.84mPa s(20 C). Vapor pressure (× 103Pa): 3.333(0 ° C.), 5.333(10 ° C.), 8.399(20 ° C.), 13.332(30 ° C.), and 31.997(50 ° C.). Slightly soluble in water (0 ℃ 0.92, 20 ℃ 0.87), soluble in ethanol, acetone and benzene. This product and water can be composed of binary azeotrope, at this time the content of this product is 81.5%, the total boiling point of 72. 1, 2-dichloroethane and water, ethanol can form a ternary azeotrope, this product content of 78%, ethanol 17%, a total boiling point of 66.7. This product vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit of 6.2% ~ 15.6% (volume fraction). 1, 1-dichloroethane is a colorless oily liquid. Ether-like odor. The relative density was 1.1757. Melting Point -96.98 °c. Freezing point -98 °c. Boiling point 57.26 °c. Refractive index 1.4164. Flash point -5 °c, -12.6 °c (closed). Ignition point: 458 ℃. Vapor pressure (× 103Pa): 9.346 (0 ° C.), 15.372(10 ° C.), 36.957(30 ° C.), and 79.793 (50 ° C.). Slightly soluble in water (20 ° C 0.55), soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and benzene. 1,1-dichloroethane and water can be composed of binary azeotrope, the content of this product 81%, a total boiling point of 53.3. Composition of azeotrope with ethanol, the content of this product is 88.5% ℃, a total boiling point of 54.6 ℃. This product has a role in anesthesia. Rat oral ld50725 mg/kg. The maximum allowable concentration of Dichloroethane in the workplace is 200 × 10-6. Above |
| toxicity | Acute oral LD50: 670 ~ 890mg/kg in rats, 870 ~ 950mg/kg in mice, rabbit 860~970mg/kg. The human body 1 times of excessive or repeated exposure to dichloroethane, liver and kidney will be injured. From the acute toxicity, slightly higher than carbon tetrachloride. Dichloroethane is also an inhibitor of the central nervous system and a lung irritant. From the point of view of chronic toxicity, it is safer than carbon tetrachloride. In practice, sublethal concentrations of dichloroethane are not tolerated or present at Vomit by most humans. Dichloroethane is less toxic to insects than other commonly used fumigants. |
| purification method | dichloroethane is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a solvent, as an extractant, and the like in analysis. The reagent dichloroethane contains a small amount of acidic impurities, water, sodium chloride, etc., which can be washed with 5% sodium hydroxide solution (or potassium hydroxide solution), water or concentrated sulfuric acid in the separating funnel, anhydrous calcium chloride or phosphorus pentoxide after dehydration distillation. place 500ml of Dichloroethane in a 1000ml separatory funnel, add 100ml of water, shake for a few minutes, then let stand and layer, discard the water layer, add 50ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, shake and stand, the acid layer was discarded and acid washing was repeated once until the acid layer did not change color or was only pale yellow. Then it is washed with water, sodium hydroxide (5 %), water in turn, then it is washed with 50ml hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5%) for 1~2 times, finally it is washed with water for 2~3 times, and anhydrous calcium chloride is added for dehydration, the amount of calcium chloride must be such that the organic phase is clear. After filtration and distillation, the first fraction was discarded, and the middle fraction was collected. The temperature was controlled at 83-84 °c and stored in a brown Mill bottle. |
| dichloroethane poisoning | dichloroethane can be absorbed through respiratory tract, skin and gastrointestinal tract. The metabolic mechanism is not clear. Can be discharged with the breath, the kidney is also a part of the discharge. Acute poisoning is often caused by inhalation of steam, the first eye and upper respiratory tract irritation symptoms, and Head Pain, drowsiness, severe cases can occur pulmonary edema, or confusion, convulsions, Coma. Can appear gastrointestinal symptoms such as Nausea, frequent Vomit, upper abdominal pain, can also cause liver and kidney damage. Oral poisoning is mainly caused by severe liver, kidney and adrenal cortex damage, with hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia. The main symptoms of chronic poisoning neurasthenia syndrome, Nausea, Vomit, loss of appetite or Diarrhea, can also have dry throat, Cough, occasionally hemoptysis. Severe cases can cause liver and kidney damage. Local irritation of the skin, causing dry skin, scaling, chapped or rash. dichloroethane poisoning treatment should be symptomatic treatment, pay attention to protect the liver and kidney. Acute poisoning when not using morphine, epinephrine and other drugs. Alcohol use is prohibited during the recovery period. The maximum allowable concentration of Dichloroethane in the air of the workshop is 25mg/m3. |
| Main application | the chemical properties of 1, 2-dichloroethane are similar to those of monochloroethane, and the hydrolysis of ethylene glycol, reaction with sodium cyanide to generate dinitrile, dehydrochlorination to generate acetylene. dichloroethane can be used as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis; Used in the manufacture of trichloroethane, dichloroethylene, ethylene glycol, ethylenediamine, oxalic acid, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, viscose rayon, styrene-butadiene rubber and various plastics, perfumes, soaps, adhesives, emollients, pharmaceuticals and pseudo-paints; Used as solvents for resins, asphalt, rubber, cellulose acetate, cellulose esters, paints, oils, waxes and polymers (such as polystyrene), extractants, impregnants, humectants, penetrants, fumigants, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides for soybean oil and caffeine; Dichloroethane can also be used in photography, electrostatic printing, water softening. Dichloroethane can be produced in the production of vinyl chloride monomer by pyrolysis; Dichloroethane is also a by-product of some organic chemical syntheses. dichloroethane is a petrochemical product produced by the chlorination of ethylene or obtained by the reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride and oxygen. vinyl chloride can be generated by heating dichloroethane and alkali solution, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows: |
| fumigant | dichloroethane is a fumigant that was used as a fumigant (in combination with CCl4) in 1927, the dosage was 321ml/L. method of use: Since the vapor and liquid of dichloroethane are flammable, it must be mixed with some non-combustible substances. Suitable for food and seed. Dichloroethane is typically used in a 3:1 volume mixture with carbon tetrachloride. This mixture had no adverse effect on seed germination and grain milling quality. The mixture of dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride is liquid at normal temperature. If it is used in the fumigation chamber, the liquid can be placed in a tray or poured directly onto the hemp bag. Since the gas is heavier than the air, strong ventilation with a fan or blower is necessary during the first hour of fumigation. Generally per cubic meter with 300 grams of dichloroethane or more, it is easy to cause combustion. Therefore, chloropicrin and dichloroethane can be used in combination to prevent combustion. After mixing can not be used for fumigation of cereal seeds. The amount of chloropicrin is about 1/10 of that of dichloroethane, and the method used may be a spraying method and a bag-hanging method. If the thickness of the grain pile exceeds 1 m, the pipe exploration method should be adopted. Fumigation grain warehouse per cubic meter of general medication 90-135 grams, fumigation 32 hours or so. Note: 1. Can not fumigate soybean, corn, barley, oats. 2. Before fumigation, the power supply must be cut off from outside the warehouse, and the staff should not bring any flammable items when the drug is applied. 3. The fumigation should be prepared for fire prevention. Reference: Wang Zhenrong, Li Buqing. Pesticide commodities. Beijing: China Commercial Press. 1996. P. 309. |
| adverse effects and toxic symptoms | repeated skin and liquid contact can cause dryness, Desquamation and crevicular dermatitis. Liquids and vapors can also irritate the eye, causing severe damage, including corneal opacity. inhalation of high concentrations of vapor can stimulate the mucosa, inhibit the central nervous system, causing vertigo, Nausea, Vomit, mental confusion, and some can cause pulmonary edema. It can also stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, causing fatty liver and kidney lesions, severe until death. acute exposure can lead to respiratory and circulatory collapse and death. His necropsy showed most visceral injury and extensive bleeding. |
| dangerous situation | (1) ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption are toxic; Strong eye and skin irritation, and can cause serious injury. (2) likely carcinogenic. (3) flammable, ignition point 775 F (401.7 C), there is a greater risk of combustion, the vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, the explosion limit of 6.2 ~ 16%. Since the vapor is heavier than the air, it can diffuse to ignition at a considerable distance from the ignition source and propagate the flame back. The allowable concentration in the air is 10ppm(40mg/m3) in the United States, and the health standard of our country is 25mg/m3. |
| incompatibility | dichloroethane with strong oxidants, strong bases, chemically active metals (such as aluminum or magnesium powder, sodium, potassium) all were incompatible. |
| determination method | determination in air: adsorption with activated carbon, CS2 treatment, gas chromatographic analysis. determination in water: This is followed by an inert gas purge followed by gas chromatography with a halide-specific detector or gas-mass spectrometry. |
| store | with a metal cylinder to prevent mechanical damage. Should be stored in a cool and ventilated place, it is best to use the open air or attached warehouse in the outdoor storage; Indoor must be placed in the standard flammable liquid storage, away from the fire source. Separated from the oxidizing agent. |
| Transport requirements | ethylene dichloride is a Class I flammable liquid. Crisis#: 61054. The container shall be marked with a "flammable liquid" mark during transport. |
| fire extinguishing measures | in case of fire, use dry powder extinguishing agent, foam or CO2. Water suppression is not effective, but water can be used to keep the container in the fire cool. If there is a spill and the spill has not yet ignited, the vapor can be dispersed by mist water and the spill can be washed away from the fire. If necessary, the personnel of the operation can be protected against leakage by water mist. |
| proposed waste disposal method | incineration; Or incineration after mixing with other combustible fuels, the latter is preferred. Care must be taken to ensure complete combustion to prevent phosgene generation. In order to remove the generated hydrohalic acid, it is necessary to prepare an acid scrubber. Alternatively, 1, 2-dichloroethane can be recovered from the waste gas. |
| Chemical properties | a colorless transparent oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor and a sweet taste. Soluble in about 120 times of water, and ethanol, chloroform, ether miscible. Can dissolve oil and lipid, grease, paraffin |
| Use | is mainly used as a raw material for vinyl chloride, ethylene glycol, oxalic acid, ethylenediamine, tetraethyl lead, polyethylene polyamine and biphenylformyl. Also used as oil, resin, rubber solvent, dry cleaning agent, pesticide in addition to early chrysanthemum, caffeine, vitamins, hormone extractant, wetting agent, impregnating agent, petroleum dewaxing, anti-seismic agent, it is also used in the manufacture of pesticides and the raw materials of the drugs of the drug and the drug. Can be used as grain in agriculture |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:55:45
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Raw Materials for 1,2-Dichloroethane
Downstream Products for 1,2-Dichloroethane