| Name | Annatto |
| Synonyms | Annatto ANNATTO CI 75120 ANNATTO PIGMENT Annatto extract ANNATTOEXTRACTS C.I. Natural Orange 4 ANNATTO(SOLVENT-EXTRACTED) ANNATO OIL BIXA ORELLANA SEED OIL |
| CAS | 1393-63-1 |
| EINECS | 215-735-4 |
| Molecular Formula | C25H30O4 |
| Molar Mass | 394.5 |
| Storage Condition | -20℃ |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Chemical properties A kind of edible natural yellow orange orellana extracted from the seed epidermis of Bixa (also known as mahogany, mainly grown in Brazil, Ecuador, Jamaica, West Indies, etc.) with food-grade extraction solvents. There are two kinds of water solubility and oil solubility due to different preparation methods. Water-soluble cochineal oranges are red to brown liquids, lumps, powders or pastes. Slightly stinky. The main pigment component is the sodium or potassium salt of the red wood hydrolysate. The dyeing property is very good, and the resistance to bleach is strong. When exposed to sunlight, it will decompose and fade. Soluble in water (sodium salt is 3.0g/100ml; Potassium salt is 5.6g/100 m1), the aqueous solution is orange to yellow and alkaline. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in acidic solution, precipitate after acid becomes acidic. There are two kinds of red wood (norbixin)C24H28O4=380.48. |
| Use | Use of edible yellow-orange pigment. For Western-style sweets, ice cream, cream, margarine, grease, corn flakes, shortening, flavor salad oil, bread, pasta, cakes, beverages, ham, sausage, cheese and so on. Used with tar-based pigments in Vienna-type sausages (easy to fade when used alone). Water-soluble products without the use of limited, when the pH value is below 7, the red lignin will agglomerate, should be used at a pH value of about 8.0. |
| Toxicity | mic-sat 100 mLg/plate KEKHB8 (9),11,1979 |
| Raw Materials | Hexane PASSION FLOWER OIL |
| toxic substance data | 1393-63-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
source & history
annatto extract is an edible natural pigment extracted from the seed aril of Bixa orellana native to Central and South America. It is mainly composed of Bixin and Norbixin. Cochineal orange is an important edible natural pigment, which is widely used in the food industry at home and abroad. According to different extraction conditions, fat-soluble cochineal orange (extracted with organic solvent or vegetable oil) or water-soluble cochineal orange (lye extraction),
the main component of oil-soluble cochineal orange is mahogany, and the main component of water-soluble cochineal orange is mahogany.
As early as more than 100 years ago, annatto pigment has been used as food pigment in the United States, Europe and other countries, and is widely used in desserts, ice cream, cheese, etc. Japan also listed it as a legal food pigment in 1986. China promulgated and implemented the GB2760-2007 "Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives" on June 1, 2008, which approved the use of annatto orange pigment as a food additive for reprocessing cheese, margarine, chocolate, cakes, western ham, beverages and other foods, and formulated the corresponding allowable usage.
use limited
GB 2760 2002(g/kg): margarine 0.05; Pastry 0.015; Soft drinks, broth, 0.02; Sausage, western ham, chocolate, 0.025; Compound seasoning 0.1; Fried potato chips 0.01; Reproduced cheese 0.6; Expanded instant breakfast cereal 0.07.
production method
Oil-soluble cochineal orange is obtained by extracting seed epidermis from food-grade vegetable oil. Or use organic solvent (according to FAO/WHO regulations, acetone, dichloromethane, ethanol, n-hexane, methanol, or carbon dioxide) to extract the seed epidermis, and then remove the solvent and dilute it with food grade vegetable oil.
water-soluble products are obtained by extracting seed epidermis with alkali (sodium hydroxide or potassium) aqueous solution, or extracting seed epidermis with organic solvent (ibid), and hydrolyzing in alkali (ibid) aqueous solution after removing the solvent. Powder products are obtained by spray drying.
content analysis
oil-soluble cochineal orange is accurately weighed from 0.1g to lg, moved into a 100ml volumetric flask, dissolved in chloroform, and mixed evenly after constant volume with chloroform. Take 1ml of this solution, move it into another 100ml volumetric flask, and dilute it to 100ml. Measure the absorbance A of this solution at 470nm wavelength.
accurately weigh 0.1g of the sample, add 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to 100ml, and shake it violently. Take 1ml of this solution, transfer it into the separatory funnel, add 10ml of 10% sodium chloride solution and water to 50ml, then add 2ml of dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241). This solution is continuously extracted with 10ml of benzene at a time until the benzene extract is colorless. The benzene extract is combined, washed three times with 5ml of water each time and then placed, and the water layer is removed. The benzene extract was transferred into another separatory funnel, the water layer was washed with 2ml of benzene at a time, and these lotions were incorporated into the benzene extract. Add equal volume of petroleum ether to benzene extract, mix well, and continuously extract 5ml of 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide test solution each time until the sodium hydroxide solution is colorless. Combine the extract and add 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide to 100ml. The absorbance A at a wavelength of 453nm was determined.
Toxicity
ADI 0.065mg // kg (measured by red wood; FAO/WHO,2001).
LD50>35 ml/kg(FAO/WHO,1975). The acute poisoning test was carried out on rats with 1% aqueous solution of downcomin, and there were no deaths above 45ml/kg. Corn oil extract containing 0.2% and 2.6% mahogany and alkali extract containing 0.2%, were used to raise rats for three generations without teratogenic, metabolic disorders and chronic poisoning.