CALCIUM GLUCONATE
Calcium Gluconate
CAS: 299-28-5
Molecular Formula: C12H22CaO14
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Calcium Gluconate |
| Synonyms | calcicol calcii gluconas CALCIUM GLUCONATE Calcium Gluconate calcium d-gluconate CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE Gluconic acid calcium salt GLUCONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT Calcium gluconate anhydrous d-gluconic acid calcium salt D-GLUCONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT GLUCONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT D-GLUCONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT 2,3,4,5,6-PENTAHYDROXYCAPROIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT calcium bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate) (non-preferred name) calcium bis[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate] (non-preferred name) |
| CAS | 299-28-5 |
| EINECS | 206-075-8 |
| InChI | InChI:1S/2C6H12O7.Ca/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2 |
| InChIKey | KYUVBRZSDFBLTH-OSQBQZLYSA-M |
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C12H22CaO14 |
| Molar Mass | 430.37 |
| Density | 1.677[at 20℃] |
| Melting Point | 195°C |
| Boling Point | 400℃[at 101 325 Pa] |
| Specific Rotation(α) | 10.2 º (c=1, H2O 22 ºC) |
| Water Solubility | 3.3 g/100mL |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (3g/100ml,20 ℃), soluble in boiling water (20g/100ml), pH of aqueous solution is about 6-7. Insoluble in ethanol and other organic solvents. Stable in air and slowly dissolve in water. |
| Vapor Presure | 0.004Pa at 20℃ |
| Appearance | White crystal |
| Color | White |
| Merck | 14,1669 |
| PH | pH;6.0～8.0 |
| Storage Condition | Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | 0: forms stable aqueous solutions |
| MDL | MFCD00064209 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Specific optical rotation 10.2 ° (c = 1, H2O 22°C) water-soluble 3.3g/100mL |
| Use | Used as calcium enhancer, buffer, curing agent, chelating agent |
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | EW2100000 |
| TSCA | No |
| HS Code | 29181600 |
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. He Yingdong, Cui Wenjia, Li Xiao et al. Optimization of the crispness-preserving process of pectin methylesterase from low-salt pickled ginger [J]. Chinese condiment 2020 v.45;No.492(02):88-90 95. 2. [IF = 4.142] Wang Chenxi et al."Systematic quality evaluation of Peiyuan tonao capsule by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectroscopy and adjusted parallel reaction monitoring of quality markers." Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Nov;4 |
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White crystalline or granular powder, odorless, tasteless, melting point 201 ° C (decomposition). 25 ° C water can dissolve 3.3%, hot water can dissolve 20%, the pH value of the aqueous solution is 6~7, do not dissolve in ethanol, ether and chloroform. Stable in air, loss of water of crystallization at 120 °c.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
starch milk was hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to obtain glucose solution, and milk of lime, nutrient salts and seed nutrient solution of black mold were added for fermentation. The fermentation broth was neutralized with milk of lime, filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was obtained by crystallization, and the calcium gluconate was obtained by refining.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:44
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Introduction
As a drug, it can reduce capillary permeability, increase density, maintain the normal excitability of nerves and muscles, strengthen myocardial contractility, and help bone formation. It is suitable for allergic diseases, such as urticaria; Eczema; Skin pruritus; Contact dermatitis, as well as serum sickness; Angioedema as an adjuvant treatment. It is also suitable for convulsions and magnesium poisoning caused by low blood calcium. It is also used to prevent and treat calcium deficiency. As a food additive, used as a buffer; curing agent; chelating agent; nutritional supplement.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:24:22
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Food calcium fortifier, the absorption effect is better than that of inorganic calcium. China's provisions can be used for cereals and their products, the use of 18~36g/kg; In milk drinks and drinks for 4. 5~9. Og/kg.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:45
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:13:26
CALCIUM GLUCONATE - Reference Information
| LogP | -5.31 at 20℃ |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | calcium gluconate (Calcium gluconate) is a calcium salt of gluconate. it is a white crystalline or granular powder with a melting point of 201 ℃, odorless and tasteless, soluble in cold water and easily soluble in hot water. |
| properties | calcium gluconate is white crystalline or granular powder. Melting point 201 ℃ (decomposition). Soluble in water (3g/100ml,20 ℃), soluble in boiling water (20g/100ml), pH of aqueous solution is about 6-7. Insoluble in ethanol and other organic solvents. |
| application | calcium gluconate is an important organic calcium, which is mainly used as calcium fortifier, nutrition agent, buffer, curing agent and chelating agent for food. its application prospect is very broad. |
| use | 1. as a food additive, as a buffer; Curing agent; Chelating agent; Nutritional supplement. According to the "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Nutrition Enhancers" (1993) promulgated by the Ministry of Health of my country, it can be used for cereals and their products and beverages in an amount of 18-38 grams and kilograms. 2. As a drug, it can reduce capillary permeability, increase density, maintain the normal excitability of nerves and muscles, strengthen myocardial contractility, and help bone formation. It is suitable for allergic diseases, such as urticaria; Eczema; Skin pruritus; Contact dermatitis, as well as serum sickness; Angioedema as an adjuvant treatment. It is also suitable for convulsions and magnesium poisoning caused by low blood calcium. It is also used to prevent and treat calcium deficiency. calcium tonic. As a food calcium fortifier, calcium gluconate has better absorption effect than inorganic calcium. According to regulations of our country, it can be used for cereals and their products, and the usage amount is 18~36 g/kg; 4.5~9.0 g/kg in milk beverage and beverage. used as calcium fortifier, buffer, curing agent, chelating agent as a drug, it can reduce capillary permeability, increase density, maintain normal excitability of nerves and muscles, strengthen myocardial contractility, and help bone formation. It is suitable for allergic diseases, such as urticaria, eczema, skin pruritus, contact dermatitis, serum sickness and angioneurotic edema as auxiliary treatment. It is also suitable for convulsions and magnesium poisoning caused by low blood calcium. It is also used to prevent and treat calcium deficiency. As a food additive, used as a buffer, curing agent, chelating agent, nutritional supplement. According to the "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Nutrition Enhancers" (1993) promulgated by the Ministry of Health of my country, it can be used for cereals and their products and beverages, and its dosage is 18-38 g/kg. |
| Efficacy and role | Calcium gluconate is an organic acid calcium, which is mainly used to prevent and treat calcium deficiency (such as osteoporosis, bone hypoplasia, rickets and children, Pregnant and lactating women, menopausal women, and the elderly calcium supplement) and tetany caused by acute hypocalcemia, alkalosis, and hypoparathyroidism. Other uses are as follows: 1. Acute hypocalcemia hypocalcemia refers to serum calcium concentration below 2mmol/L. For acute hypocalcemia such as hand and foot convulsions, seizures, laryngospasm, etc., active intravenous calcium supplementation is required. it is recommended to inject calcium 10% gluconate 10~20ml slowly intravenously, no more than 5ml per minute, which can usually make the symptoms disappear immediately. If the symptoms recur, the administration can be repeated several hours later. 2, hypermagnesemia hypermagnesemia refers to serum magnesium higher than 1.25mmol/L. Hypermagnesemia mainly occurs in patients with renal dysfunction. Long-term use of magnesium-containing antacids and magnesium sulfate catharsis, especially in patients with renal dysfunction, can lead to hypermagnesemia. In addition, it is not uncommon for intravenous magnesium sulfate to treat preeclampsia with hypermagnesium. The treatment of mild hypermagnesemia is usually to limit the intake of magnesium. For patients with severe hypermagnesemia, it is recommended to slowly inject 10ml of calcium 10% gluconate injection to antagonize the effect of magnesium on the heart and neuromuscular system. 3, hyperkalemia hyperkalemia, referring to serum potassium> 5.5mmol/L. Renal failure is a common cause of hyperkalemia. Potassium-sparing diuretics, cyclosporine, NSAIDs, ACEI, ARB, etc. can also cause hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia mainly affects the heart, including ECG abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc. if hyperkalemia has an effect on the heart, the primary treatment is intravenous injection of calcium 10% gluconate injection 10ml. Calcium gluconate is usually injected slowly, and then the dose is adjusted according to the improvement of ECG. |
| production method | air catalytic oxidation method uses starch double enzyme hydrolysate as raw material, adjusts the pH value to 9-10 with dilute alkali liquor, adds palladium-carbon catalyst, introduces air for oxidation at 45-50 ℃, and adds dilute alkali liquor to maintain the pH value. After the reaction, stand and filter, the filtrate is concentrated to a relative density of 1.34~1.38, cooled and crystallized, and separated to obtain sodium gluconate. After decolorization, the mother liquor is concentrated to a relative density of 1.4~1.42, and cooled to crystallize and separate. Sodium gluconate is added with water to prepare a 35% solution, and a 732 cation exchange resin is used to remove sodium ions to obtain a pure gluconic acid solution. Neutralize with calcium carbonate to neutral at 70~75 ℃, add appropriate amount of activated carbon to decolorize, stand and filter. The filtrate is concentrated to a relative density of 1.148~1.15, standing, crystallizing, separating, and washing with a small amount of water to obtain calcium gluconate; after decolorizing the mother liquor, it is concentrated to a relative density of 1.16~1.18, standing, crystallizing, and separating. The yield of starch is about 77.8%. In the fermentation method, glucose solution (15%) hydrolyzed by starch double enzyme is used as the main medium, calcium carbonate is used as neutralizer (2/3 of the total amount is added), Aspergillus niger is inoculated for fermentation, and glucose oxidase contained in Aspergillus niger is used to oxidize glucose to calcium gluconate. After the fermentation broth is filtered to remove the bacteria and residues, it is decolorized with activated carbon. The decolorizing liquid is neutralized with a total amount of 1/3 calcium carbonate, and the neutralizing liquid is evaporated and concentrated to saturation at 100°C. Finally, cooling crystallization and recrystallization to obtain calcium gluconate. method 1. preparation of inclined culture medium by glucose mother liquor fermentation method: take glucose 3g, magnesium sulfate 0.01g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.012g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.022g, peptone 0.025g, calcium carbonate 0.4g, agar 1.5g, add distilled water to 100ml, adjust pH5.6-6.2. The prepared culture medium is divided into 18mm × 180mm test tubes, sterilized under high pressure, taken out into inclined planes, connected with Aspergillus niger spores 02, cultured at 28-32 ℃ for 7 days at constant temperature, and stored in refrigerator for storage after maturity. Aspergillus nigrus 02 [medium] →[28-32 ℃, 7d] Preparation of solid spore culture medium for inclined colony: 100g of bran and 143g of glucose mixture (glucose 5g, calcium carbonate 1g, normal water to 100ml) are mixed evenly, subdivided into 1L triangular flasks, sterilized according to routine, and cooled. Under aseptic operation, the suspension of inclined spores, such as about 5ml of penicillin potassium salt (2000 unit) solution, is fully mixed, subpackaged in sterilized porcelain plates, covered with glass sheets, cultured at 30-32 ℃ for 4-7d, and used as solid provenance after maturity. Inclined colony [culture medium] →[30-32 ℃, 4-7d] solid provenance seed culture medium preparation: take 5% glucose mother liquor (reduced sugar meter), peptone 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.025%, calcium carbonate 1.25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03%, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.08%, add water to 100%, adjust pH to 5.8-6.2. Metered seed culture medium is added to the seed tank, water is added to the specified volume, conventional sterilization, cooling, and air is introduced. When the tank temperature drops to 34 ℃, the solid spores and penicillin potassium salt in the porcelain plate are transferred to 400000U, ventilated and cultured at 30-32 ℃ for 16-20h. When the hyphae grow vigorously, there are no miscellaneous bacteria, and the sugar conversion rate reaches more than 30%, Aspergillus niger seed culture solution is obtained. Solid provenance [seed medium] →[pH5.8-6.2, 30-32 ℃, 16-20h] Aspergillus niger seed culture medium fermentation medium preparation: glucose mother liquor (reduced sugar) 10%, calcium carbonate 2.9%, magnesium sulfate 0.0156%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.0188%, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.0388%, calcium carbonate 2.9%, add water to 100%. Add culture medium to the batching tank, add water to the specified volume, stir evenly, pump into the fermentation tank, stir, pass in compressed air, then press into Aspergillus niger seed culture solution from the seed tank, and add appropriate amount of penicillin potassium salt to inhibit miscellaneous bacteria (2200L culture solution is added with 1200000U) or steam sterilization at 105-115 ℃ for half an hour, at 29-31 ℃, the tank pressure is 49 kPa(0.5kgf/cm2), the aeration volume is 0.3-0.5V/(V min), and the culture is stirred until the sugar content is below 10-15 mg/ml, that is, the end point is reached, and the fermentation broth is obtained. Seed culture solution [culture medium, penicillin potassium salt] →[29-31 ℃] Neutralize and decolorize the fermentation solution. Heat the fermentation solution to about 85 ℃ by steam, discharge, filter in a cloth bag, add newly prepared lime milk to the filtrate and neutralize to pH7.2, add appropriate amount of activated carbon at 90 ℃ for decolorization for 30min, and filter on a plate and frame to obtain decolorization solution. Fermentation broth [lime milk, activated carbon] →[pH7.2, 90 ℃] decolorization solution concentration and crystallization The above filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60-70 ℃ to a relative density of 1.22, crystallized at about 30 ℃, centrifuged, spin dry, crushed, and dried to obtain calcium gluconate for oral administration. Decolorization solution [60-70 ℃, 30 ℃]→ calcium gluconate finished product method 2. starch saccharification fermentation method inclined plane culture Aspergillus niger 87 spores are connected to inclined plane culture medium (the preparation method is the same as glucose mother liquor fermentation method), incubated at 29-30 ℃ for 7 days at constant temperature, then inserted into a triangular flask after maturity, and then transferred to a primary seed tank for culture. Aspergillus niger 87 [Inclined Medium] →[29-31 ℃, 7d] Inclined colony solid spore culture Mix 100g of bran with 143g of glucose mixed solution (formula through mother liquor fermentation method), mix evenly, sub-pack 1L triangular flasks, sterilize according to routine and cool. Under aseptic operation, about 5ml of penicillin potassium salt (2000U) solution is added into the suspension of inclined spores, fully mixed, sub-packed in sterilized porcelain plates, covered with glass sheets, cultured at 30-32 ℃ for 4-7 days, and used as solid provenance after maturity. Inclined colony [glucose, CaCO3, bran, penicillin potassium salt] →[30-32 ℃, 4-7d] solid provenance seed culture medium preparation: 100ml of corn starch glycosylated solution (converted 100% reduced sugar juice), 0.156g of magnesium sulfate, 0.188g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.388g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 29g of calcium carbonate, 1000ml of tap water, and adjusted pH to 5.8-6.2. The culture medium was heated by interlayer to 108-112 ℃ for sterilization for 40min, filtered compressed air was introduced to maintain pressure and reduce pressure, then nutrient salts were added to transfer solid mold spores. After inoculation, aeration, stirring and culture, control the internal air pressure of 206-245.24kPa (2.1-2.5kgf/cm2), temperature of 29-31 ℃, pH5.5-6.5, stirring for 24-26h, so as to reduce the fermented raw sugar from 14%-15% to below the residual sugar 0.8% to obtain seed culture solution. Solid provenance [seed medium, nutrient salt] →[pH5.5-6.5, 29-31 ℃, 24-26h] seed culture liquid fermentation medium was basically the same as seed medium, in which ammonium sulfate replaced diammonium hydrogen phosphate. After the fermentation tank and its auxiliary equipment are sterilized by steam, the culture medium is added, compressed air is passed, the air pressure is maintained at 49-98kPa (0.5-1 kgf/cm2), and sterilized for 30-60min. The seed culture solution was pressed, the inoculation amount was 4.6%, the medium temperature was controlled at 29-31 ℃, pH5.5-6.6, the air pressure was 196.2-245.25 kPa (2-2.5kgf/cm2), the seed culture solution was stirred for 185-195r/min, and the fermentation solution was obtained after the original sugar decreased from 14%-15% to the 0.8% of residual sugar. Seed culture solution [corn starch saccharification solution] →[pH5.5-6.6, 29-31 ℃, 24-26h] neutralization, concentration and initial crystallization of fermentation solution heat the fermentation solution to 80-85 ℃, sterilize and coagulate mycelial protein, add lime milk and neutralize pH 7-7.2 at the same time, stop heating, press filtration, and obtain a clear solution containing calcium gluconate about 16%-18%. Add 0.05%-0.2% sulfonated castor oil as foaming agent, concentrate to a relative density of 1.082-1.084(90 ℃) at 60-70 ℃ and vacuum degree of 72-89kPa (540-600 mmHg), press out, place crystallization, centrifuge, and obtain crude calcium gluconate. Fermentation broth [lime milk] →[pH7-7.2, 80-85 ℃] clarified filtrate [sulfonated castor oil] →[60-70 ℃, reduced pressure] refined, crystallized and dried crude products. Heat and dissolve crude products with water or calcium gluconate crystal mother liquor, and adjust to a relative density of 1.082- |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | low toxicity |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LDL0: 10000 mg/kg; Oral administration-mouse LDL0: 10000 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | thermal decomposition spicy stimulation smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse low temperature ventilation and drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:45:29
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