Name | Calcium stearate |
Synonyms | calstar aquacal flexichem flexichemcs Calcium stearate calciumdistearate Calciumstearatemin Calciumstearatetech CALCIUM OCTADECANOATE dibasiccalciumstearate calcium dioctadecanoate Calcium Stearate (Light) calcium distearate, pure STEARIC ACID CALCIUM SALT OCTADECANOIC ACID CALCIUM SALT (octadecanoato-kappaO)calcium(1+) Calcium stearate dispersion liquid |
CAS | 1592-23-0 |
EINECS | 216-472-8 |
InChI | InChI=1/C18H36O2.Ca/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+2/p-1 |
InChIKey | CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
Molecular Formula | C36H70CaO4 |
Molar Mass | 607.02 |
Density | 1.08g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 147-149°C |
Boling Point | 359.4℃ at 760 mmHg |
Water Solubility | insoluble H2O, ether, chloroform; slightly soluble hot mineral oils [MER06] |
Solubility | Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in hot ethanol. |
Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
Appearance | White powder |
Color | white |
Odor | Fatty acid odor |
Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3 |
Merck | 14,1703 |
BRN | 3919698 |
PH | 7-9 (2.2 mg/l, H2O, 20°C) |
Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
Stability | Hygroscopic |
Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
MDL | MFCD00036390 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | calcium stearate appearance is fine white, bulky powder, feel smooth, soluble in hot water, toluene, ethanol and other organic solvents. Non-toxic, heat to 400 degrees Celsius when slowly decomposed into stearic acid and the corresponding calcium salt. |
Use | Used as waterproofing agents, lubricants and plastic additives. Widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, plastic rubber and other industries, mainly do lubricant, emulsifier, stabilizer, release agent, accelerator, cosmetic base material. In hard plastic products can increase the rate of solidification. It can also be used for food packaging, medical equipment and other non-toxic soft films, and has the effect of stabilizing agent, and has good long-term stability. Stabilizers and lubricants in polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and halogen absorbents in polyethylene and polypropylene can eliminate the adverse effects of the catalyst remaining in the resin on the color and stability of the resin. It is widely used in foreign countries to improve the heat resistance of plastics, improve the initial color resistance and air permeability, and will replace the toxic stabilizer with the same performance. |
Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
WGK Germany | - |
RTECS | WI3000000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29157030 |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 10000 mg/kg |
Raw Materials | Calcium chloride Calcium hydroxide Octoxinol Sodium hydroxide Calcium oxide Stearic acid Fatty acid,vegetable Palm oil |
fine white powder. The melting point was 147-149 °c. Soluble in toluene, ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents, insoluble in water. When heated to 400 ° C slow decomposition, flammable, in case of strong acid decomposition of stearic acid and the corresponding calcium salt. Water absorption, non-toxic.
stearic acid was dissolved in water, and a caustic soda solution was added for Saponification to obtain a sodium stearate solution. The calcium chloride solution was added to the sodium stearate solution to obtain calcium stearate precipitate, which was filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain the finished product.
This product is mainly a mixture of calcium stearate (C36H7Q0 4Ca) and calcium palmitate (C32H6204Ca), containing calcium oxide (CaO) should be 9.0% ~ 10. 5%.
It is used as a lubricant remover in oil field operations. Also used as a heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride and a variety of plastics processing lubricants, mold release agents. In the hard product, the gelation rate can be improved by combining with the base lead salt and lead soap. It is also used for food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements of non-toxic soft films and instruments. It can also be used as a halogen absorbent for polyethylene and polypropylene to eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on color and stability. As a plasticizer in rubber processing, it can soften natural rubber and synthetic rubber, and has little effect on vulcanization. It is also used as a thickening agent for grease, a waterproofing agent for textiles, a leveling agent for paints, a plasticizer for making plastic records, etc.
take this product, dry to constant weight at 105°C, and lose no more than 4 .0% of weight (General rule 0831).
take 2.5g of this product, put the evaporation dish, as a test tube. Another 0.5g of this product was taken and placed in another evaporation dish as a reference tube. Add 5ml of 25% ethanol solution of magnesium nitrate respectively, cover the evaporation dish with a short neck funnel, with the neck facing up, heat it at low temperature for 30 minutes on a hot plate, then heat it at medium temperature for 30 minutes, and cool it; Remove the funnel, 2ml of standard lead solution was added into the reference tube, then the evaporation dish was burned to ash the sample, and the sample was allowed to cool. 10ml of nitric acid was added to dissolve the residue, and the solution was transferred into two 250ml beakers, add 5ml of perchloric acid solution (7-10) each, evaporate to dryness, add 2ml of hydrochloric acid to the residue, rinse the inner wall of the beaker with water, then evaporate to dryness, rotate the beaker when drying quickly; Add 2ml of hydrochloric acid, repeat the above operation, after cooling, add about 10ml of water to dissolve the residue; Add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution each, neutralize with sodium hydroxide solution until pink appears, and add dilute hydrochloric acid to colorless; Add 1 ml of dilute acetic acid and a small amount of activated carbon, mix well, filter, the filtrate was placed in a 50ml Nessler's colorimetric tube, washed with water, diluted to 40ml, and added with 1.2mL of thioacetamide solution and 2ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 3.5), and then placed on white paper for 5 minutes, from the top down perspective, the color shown in the test tube is compared with the control tube and should not be deeper. Heavy metals should not be more than 10 parts per million.
The total number of aerobic bacteria per lg of the test product shall not exceed lOOcfu, and the total number of molds and yeasts shall not exceed lOOcfu, if the product is inspected according to law (General rule 1105 and general rule 1106), E. Coli should not be detected.
take about 1.2g of this product, weigh it accurately, put it in the flask, add 50ml of 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid solution, heat for about 3 hours until the oil layer is clear (cover the surface dish to prevent spattering when heating), make up water to the initial volume if necessary, cool, filter, the filter and flask were washed with water until they were not acidic to the blue litmus paper, and the filtrate was neutralized to neutral to the blue litmus paper with sodium hydroxide solution. With full stirring of magnetic stirrer, Add 30ml of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration solution (0.05mol/L), then 15ml of sodium hydroxide solution and hydroxynaphthalene
.
Phenol blue indicator 2mg, continue titration with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium titration solution to the solution of pure blue. Each 1 ml of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium titration solution (0.05mol/L) is equivalent to 2. 804mg of CaO.
pharmaceutical excipients, lubricants and emulsifiers.
sealed, stored in a cool and dry place.
LogP | 3.82-14.34 at 25℃ |
EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
Overview | Calcium stearate is also called calcium octaenate. White light crystalline powder. Chemical formula (C17H35COO)2Ca. Molecular weight 607.00. The melting point is 179~180 ℃, and it is decomposed by high heat. Insoluble in water, cold ethanol and ether, soluble in hot benzene, toluene and turpentine, slightly soluble in hot ethanol and ether. Decompose with strong acid into stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt. There is water absorption in the air. Non-resistant to lipolytic microorganisms. Thermolysis produces stearic ketones and hydrocarbons. Non-toxic. The corresponding oleate is often mixed in industrial products. Used as a stabilizer and lubricant for polyvinyl chloride; as a halogen absorbent in polyethylene and polypropylene; as a lubricant for polyolefin fibers and molded products; lubricants and release agents for thermosetting plastics such as phenolic and amino; Grease thickener; waterproof agent for waterproof fabrics; paint leveling agent and pencil lead lubricant. Food grade calcium stearate is used as an anticaking agent. The baked stearic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to make dilute soap liquid, and then reacts with calcium chloride. This product can be used as a heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride and has excellent lubricity. Thermal stability is average, not as good as barium stearate, lead stearate, tin stearate and cadmium stearate. But it is cheap and easy to obtain, with low toxicity and good processability. It has a synergistic effect with zinc soap and epoxy compounds, which can improve thermal stability. It is often used in soft products requiring non-toxic food packaging films, medical appliances, etc. With the basic lead salt and lead soap and used in hard products, can improve the gelation rate. Calcium stearate is used in polyethylene and polypropylene, which can eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on resin color and stability. This product is also widely used as a lubricant and release agent for thermosetting plastics such as polyolefins, polyester reinforced plastics, phenolic resins, and amino resins. the disadvantage of calcium stearate is that it has initial coloring. when the heating time is above 100 ℃ for a long time, the white polyvinyl chloride plastic will turn reddish, especially when there is titanium dioxide in the formula, the coloring is especially serious. At this time, if 0.06 ~ 0.12% Na2CO3 or 0.09~0.19 NaHCO3 are added, this shortcoming can be overcome, but because these substances are too alkaline, they are not used in practice. In addition, when the amount of this product is large, there is segregation and scaling. |
PVC lubricant | when used as PVC lubricant, it is generally considered as internal lubricant. Calcium stearate is a stearate of medium and strong alkali calcium, which has strong polarity. The chemical active point of PVC resin particles can form a more stable complex system with calcium stearate. The two long-chain alkyl groups of calcium stearate have less compatibility with polar resins such as PVC, and form a local microscopic two-phase interface inside the PVC resin, namely a lubricating film. The microscopic essence of its lubrication effect is that the force between the local lubrication interface formed by the non-polar long-chain alkyl group and the polar resin chain segment is less than the force between the resin chain segments, and because the resin chain segments There are many small pores, so when the resin chain segment is displaced, the alkyl group that can be arbitrarily deformed is squeezed into other adjacent pores, thereby reducing the resistance when the resin chain segment is displaced, play the role of internal lubrication. Using calcium stearate alone in the formula can accelerate plasticization, increase melt viscosity, increase torque, and have a certain demoulding effect, while using paraffin alone can show delayed plasticization, reduce torque, and no demoulding effect. When calcium stearate and paraffin wax (polyethylene wax) are mixed in a certain proportion, it shows a good effect, and the material torque value can be reduced a lot. This is because paraffin penetrates into the calcium stearate molecules and strengthens the lubrication effect., Shows a strong synergistic effect and improves the dispersion of lubricants. In actual application, calcium stearate as a PVC lubricant does not only play an internal lubrication effect, but its lubrication effect is more complicated. In other cases where the internal lubrication ratio is relatively high, it will reflect the effect of external lubrication. Moreover, it has a synergistic effect with many lubricants. |
Barium stearate | Barium stearate is also called "Barium nastate", chemical formula Ba(C18H35O2)2. Molecular weight 704.13. White fine powder. Melting point 160 ℃, relative density 1.15. Insoluble in water, insoluble in cold ethanol, soluble in hot ethanol, benzene, toluene and other non-polar solvents, heated and dissolved in organic solvents and cooled to become jelly. In case of strong acid, it decomposes into stearic acid and corresponding barium salt. There is water absorption in the air. Preparation method: It is prepared by reacting stearic acid with barium carbonate or barium hydroxide, or reacting sodium stearate solution with dilute barium chloride solution. It can be used as waterproof products, filler for alkali pumps, and high-temperature lubricants and fillers for machines. Light-resistant, heat-resistant stabilizers, high-temperature powder moulding agents for rubber products, etc. Barium stearate is toxic with a toxicity coefficient of T = 2. The typical symptoms of poisoning are vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased blood pressure, and pulse disorder. |
anti-caking agent | anti-caking agent, also known as anti-caking agent, is a substance used to prevent particles or powdered foods from gathering and caking and keep them loose or free flowing. Its particles are fine, loose and porous, and have strong adsorption power. Easy adsorption leads to the formation of agglomerated moisture, grease, etc., so that food to maintain powder or particle state. There are currently 5 kinds of anticaking agents licensed for use in my country: potassium ferrocyanide, sodium aluminosilicate, tricalcium phosphate, silica and microcrystalline cellulose. There are many varieties of anticaking agents. In addition to the 5 types licensed in my country, there are aluminum silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium silicate, calcium stearate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and stearate. Magnesium, magnesium phosphate, magnesium silicate, kaolin, talcum powder and sodium ferrocyanide. In addition to their anti-caking effect, some also have other effects, such as calcium silicate and kaolin also have the effect of filtering, calcium stearate and magnesium stearate have emulsification effect. Moreover, except that the ADI value of ferrocyanide is limited, the safety of other varieties is very good. ADI value does not need to be specified, and it can be properly developed according to needs. |
wire drawing lubricant | process lubricating material during wire drawing. The function is to form a layer of lubricating film between the drawn metal and the die wall of the wire drawing die, reduce the friction between the interfaces, prevent the metal from bonding on the die wall due to heat, and reduce the energy consumption and temperature during drawing. Rise, extend the service life of the mold, ensure the surface quality of the product, and make the deformation uniform. Lubricants for drawing steel wires are divided into two categories: solid and liquid. Solid lubricants are powdered lubricants, used for dry pulling. Its composition is a variety of single metal soaps or metal soaps plus certain additives. Metal soap is the metal salt of fatty acid. Metal soaps used as lubricants require high softening point and transfer temperature (temperature at which the friction coefficient suddenly rises), good wear resistance and pressure resistance. The metal soaps commonly used in wire drawing lubricants are sodium soap and calcium soap. Sodium soap is a sodium stearate C17H35COONa formed by the combination of caustic soda and saturated fatty acid glycerol C3H5(C17H35COO). It is a water-soluble soap and is easy to remove. It is suitable for dry pull at medium speed and low temperature rise. It can also be used for wet drawing of filaments or subsequent drawing of steel wires with plating operations. Calcium soap is calcium stearate composed of calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide combined with stearic acid glycerol. Others include metal soaps such as barium stearate, zinc stearate, and aluminum stearate. Calcium soap can form a thicker lubricating film with good extensibility and lubricity, so it is often the main component of solid lubricants. Calcium soap is insoluble in water and is not easy to wash and remove. It is not suitable for drawing steel wire before plating. Additives are small amounts of other substances added to lubricants in order to improve lubricating properties or obtain certain special properties. Including extreme pressure additives, oil improvers, thickeners and preservatives. The extreme pressure additive is the main additive, which can react with the metal friction surface to form a metal compound film with high melting point and low shear strength, thereby improving the lubricating performance of the lubricant under high temperature and high pressure. These additives mainly include high molecular compounds such as molybdenum disulfide, graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene. Oily improver, also known as active additive, its function is to improve the ability of lubricant to adsorb and form lubricating film. These additives include various higher fatty acids, lipids, amines, etc. Thickener is an additive added to increase the consistency of lubricant. The materials include soda ash, lime, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, etc. Preservatives, also known as corrosion inhibitors, are used to prevent the corrosion of the steel wire matrix by lubricants. The materials include sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate. |
identification test | take 1g of sample, mix 25ml of water and 5ml of hydrochloric acid, heat, fatty acid is released, and oily layer surfaced on the liquid surface. Calcium test (IT-10) with water layer should be positive. Take 25g of sample, mix 200ml of hot water, add 60ml of dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241), heat and stir strongly until fatty acid is precipitated and clear. Wash the fatty acids with boiling water until the sulfate is removed, collect them in a small beaker, and warm them on a steam bath until the fatty acids are completely separated from the water layer and are transparent. Cool, discard the water layer, melt the fatty acid and filter it into a drying beaker, and dry it at 105 ℃ for 20min. The freezing point of the refined fatty acid should not be lower than 54 ℃. The freezing point was determined by conventional methods. |
content analysis | accurately weigh about 1.2g of sample, add 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, boil for 10min, or until the fatty acid layer is clarified, add water if necessary to maintain the original volume. Cool, filter, and thoroughly wash the filtrate and flask with water until the final wash is no longer acidic to litmus. The filtrate is neutralized with sodium hydroxide test solution (TS-224.) until litmus is neutral. Under full stirring of a magnetic stirrer, about 30ml of 0.05mol/L EDTA disodium solution is added through a 50ml burette, 15ml of sodium hydroxide test solution and 300mg of hydroxynaphthol blue indicator are added, and titration is continued to the blue end point. 0.05mol/L of EDTA disodium solution per ml is equivalent to CaO2.804 mg. |
toxicity | ADI unlimited regulations (FAO/WHO,2001). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1229,2000). |
usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984): glucose powder, sucrose powder and soup for coating, 15 g/kg. GB 2760-1996: Gum Gum Base, GMP Limited. S. for beet sugar, pressed candy, garlic salt, meat tenderization, dried molasses, salad pre-made powder, spice powder, yeast. |
use | used as non-toxic stabilizer, lubricant, release agent and textile waterproofing agent for polyvinyl chloride plastics used as lubricant for coating processing paper and coatings used as internal lubricant and non-toxic stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, as release agent in casting industry anticaking agent; binder; emulsifier; lubricant; release agent; film release agent; stabilizer; thickener; flavoring agent. Used as a stabilizer and lubricant for polyvinyl chloride, it can be used as non-toxic soft film utensils such as food packaging and medical equipment. As a halogen absorbent in polyethylene and polypropylene, it can eliminate the residual catalyst in the resin for the color of the resin and the lubricant of the molded product. It can also be used as a lubricant for phenolic, amino and other thermosetting plastics and polyester reinforced plastics. Release agent, grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent and paint leveling agent, etc. Food-grade calcium stearate is used as an anti-caking agent to prevent powdered or crystalline food from gathering and clumping to maintain its free flow. However, the anti-caking agent allowed by my country's GB2760-86 regulations is currently only one potassium ferrocyanide, which is used for salt. According to FAO/WHO regulations, calcium stearate can be used for coating glucose powder, sucrose powder and soup, etc. The maximum allowable amount is 15 g/kg. Used as waterproofing agent, lubricant and plastic additive. Widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, plastic rubber and other industries, mainly as lubricants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, mold release agents, accelerators, cosmetic base materials, etc. The condensation speed can be increased in hard plastic products. It can also be used for non-toxic soft films such as food packaging and medical appliances, and has a stabilizer effect and good long-term stability. Stabilizers and lubricants in polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, as halogen absorbers in polyethylene and polypropylene, can eliminate the adverse effects of the residual catalyst in the resin on the color and stability of the resin. It is widely used abroad to improve the heat resistance of plastics, improve the initial coloring and air permeability of weather resistance, and will replace toxic stabilizers with the same performance. |
production method | first, the molten stearic acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide solution to make dilute soap solution, then it is reacted with calcium chloride to generate crude calcium stearate, and then the finished product is obtained by washing, throwing water and drying. Kg/ton of stearic acid 920 sodium hydroxide (folded 100%) 140 calcium chloride (folded 100%) 400 is filtered and refined by interaction between edible sodium stearate and calcium chloride solution. |
category | toxic substances |
toxicity classification | low toxicity |
acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: > 10000 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: > 10000 mg/kg |
flammability hazard characteristics | a kind of public hazard dust; Thermal decomposition is spicy and stimulates smoke |
storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse low temperature ventilation and drying |
fire extinguishing agent | water |
occupational standard | TWA 10 mg/m3 |
spontaneous combustion temperature | 460°C DIN 51794 |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |