Ethidium bromide solution
Ethidium bromide
CAS: 1239-45-8
Molecular Formula: C21H20BrN3
Ethidium bromide solution - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Ethidium bromide |
| Synonyms | Dromilac Homidium bromide Ethidium?bromide Ethidium bromide Ethidium bromide solution EthidiuM BroMide, OMniPur(R) 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide 2,7-diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridinium bromide 3,8-diaMino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-iuM broMide 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide~Homidium bromide Ethidinium bromide, 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide |
| CAS | 1239-45-8 |
| EINECS | 214-984-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C21H19N3.BrH/c1-2-15-16(13-6-4-3-5-7-13)11-19(23)18-12-24-20-9-8-14(22)10-17(20)21(15)18;/h3-12H,2,22-23H2,1H3;1H |
Ethidium bromide solution - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C21H20BrN3 |
| Molar Mass | 394.31 |
| Density | 1.3739 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 260-262°C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Flash Point | >100°C |
| Water Solubility | 40 g/L (25 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 10mg/mL, opaque, strongly red |
| Appearance | powder |
| Color | Red to dark purple |
| Odor | Odorless solid |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['518 nm, 210 nm, 285 nm, 316 nm,\n343 nm, 480 nm, 525 nm'] |
| Merck | 14,4731 |
| BRN | 3642536 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | 1.6700 (estimate) |
| In vitro study | Guidelines (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs). The preparation of agarose gel: 1. Agarose gels are commonly used in concentrations of 0.5% to 2.5% depending on the size of bands needed to be separated. 2. Mix the agarose powder with 1X TAE/TBE. 3. Microwave for 1-3 min until the agarose is completely dissolved ( Caution : not overboil). 4. Make the solution cool down before solidification. 5. Add ethidium bromide (EtBr) to a final concentration of approximately 0.2-0.5 μg/mL (Stocks are generally 10 mg/ml, and require 5 µL stock/100 mL gel). 6. Ethidium bromide binds to the DNA and you could visualize the DNA under ultraviolet (UV) light. CAUTION: EtBr is a known mutagen. Please pay attention to strengthening protection. |
Ethidium bromide solution - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R23 - Toxic by inhalation R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R26 - Very Toxic by inhalation R21/22 - Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S28A - S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S22 - Do not breathe dust. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S63 - |
| UN IDs | UN 2811 6.1/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | SF7950000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-9 |
| HS Code | 29339990 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | I |
| Toxicity | Intercalating dye widely used to stain DNA in gels and gradients. The DNA can be visualized readily by irradiation with ultraviolet light, as little as 0.5 μg of DNA being detectable by such methods. Ethidium bromide is also added to cesium chloride density gradients, since as an intercalating molecule it binds more readily to linear DNA than to closed collinear circles of DNA (such as plasmids). Binding of ethidium bromide reduces the density of DNA, thus covalent circles of DNA have higher densities at saturating concentrations of ethidium bromide, permitting the separation of plasmid DNA. Ethidium bromide is a putative carcinogen. |
Ethidium bromide solution - Reference Information
| main application | Electroluminescent displays;photoresists |
| biological application | Nucleic acid hybridization; detecting nucleic acids,cells,cancer cells,human cytomegalovirus,hydrogenase A (hydA) of Clostridia,influenza A virus,oligonucleotides,viable Plesiomonas shigelloides; apoptosis say; nucleic acid quantification |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Fluorescent probe in fluorescent probe technology | Ethyl bromide (EB for short) is currently a commonly used fluorescent dye for observing DNA under ultraviolet light. It is an insertion dye because it has a multi-loop structure, which enables it to be inserted between nucleotide bases. Because the fluorescence quantum yield of nucleic acid and base is very low, it is more difficult to detect nucleic acid by natural fluorescence than protein, so fluorescent probe technology is particularly important in nucleic acid research. The more commonly used is ethidine bromide (et-hidium bromide or phenanthroline bromine red), which has the ability to specifically bind to nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, double-stranded polynucleotides). Its minimum detection of deoxyribonucleic acid can reach 10ng/ml, and its binding to the double-stranded region of the nucleic acid is specific. The change in fluorescence intensity produced by the different binding ratios of it to various conformational nucleic acids can be used. Various configuration nucleic acids are distinguished. For example, it can identify natural nucleic acids and denatured nucleic acids, and distinguish linear DNA, circular DNA and super coil DNA. In addition, various acridines, including acridine orange, acridine yellow and proflavin, are commonly used probes of nucleic acids. fluorescence analysis can be divided into direct determination and indirect determination. The direct measurement method uses the fluorescence emitted by the substance itself, that is, the so-called "self-fluorescence" or "endogenous fluorescence" to perform the measurement. But in nature, only a small part of substances can emit fluorescence after light excitation, and a considerable part of substances emit weak fluorescence or do not emit fluorescence. For example, proteins and nucleic acids are substances that emit weak fluorescence. In order to make full use of the high sensitivity of fluorescence analysis, it is necessary to convert it into fluorescent substances for determination. At this time, certain reagents (such as fluorescent dyes) can be used to make it covalently or non-covalently bind with substances that are weak or not fluorescent to form a fluorescent conjugate for determination. This is the so-called "fluorescence" Probe "technology or" fluorescent labeling "technology. The reagent (fluorescent agent) is adsorbed on the macromolecule or covalently bound to the macromolecule. The dye used is called "fluorescent probe". The change of fluorescence characteristics of the probe is actually the signal of the environmental change of the probe caused by the change of the conformation of the macromolecule, so the information of the conformation change of the macromolecule can also be obtained by using this signal. |
| Biological activity | Ethidium Bromide (Homidium bromide, EtBr, EB) is an intercalating agent, similar to DNA base pairs. EtBr is often used for fluorescent labeling (nucleic acid staining) in molecular biology experimental techniques (such as agarose gel electrophoresis). |
| Use | EB cannot pass through the living cell membrane. It can stain the nuclear DNA through the damaged membrane of dead cells, and contains a flat group that can be embedded between the stacked bases. The fixed position of the group and the base are closely close to the base, causing the dye to bind to DNA to fluorescence, because the fluorescence yield of the EB-DNA complex is much larger than that of the unbound dye, when electrophoretic gel contains free EB, a small amount of DNA can be measured. It is a highly sensitive fluorescent reagent and an important fluorescent dye. DNARNA is often measured. Binding with DNA to inhibit DNA replication and transcription Ethidium bromide) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration. Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nuc leicacids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, etBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprot ozoal (Trypanosoma). ethidium bromide is a highly sensitive fluorescent stain used to observe DNA in agarose and polyacrylamide gels. Ethidium bromide is excited and emits orange-red signals with a standard 302nm ultraviolet light transmission instrument, which can be photographed by Polaroid film or gel imaging processing system with CCD imaging head. For gel staining after electrophoresis, the storage solution sample should be diluted to 0.5 μg/ml with water, and then the gel should be incubated for 15-30 minutes. There is usually no need to decolorize, but if the background color must be lowered, it can be decolorized in water for 15 minutes. DNA bands can then be detected in an ultraviolet light box (254nm wavelength). Ethyl bromide can also be added to gel and electrophoresis buffer (final concentration 0.5 μg/ml) and developed immediately after electrophoresis. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:55:45
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