Ethyleneether
Pfu DNA Polymerase
CAS: 123-91-1
Molecular Formula: C4H8O2
Ethyleneether - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Pfu DNA Polymerase |
| Synonyms | Ethyeneglycol Ethyleneether dioxyethyleneether Pfu DNA Polymerase 1,4-Dioxacyclohexane 1,4-dioxin,tetrahydro 1,4-Dioxin, tetrahydro- Ethylene glycol ethylene ether DuPont zonyl FSO-100 fluorinated surfactants |
| CAS | 123-91-1 |
| EINECS | 204-661-8 |
| InChIKey | RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Ethyleneether - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H8O2 |
| Molar Mass | 88.11 |
| Density | 1.034 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 12 °C |
| Boling Point | 101 °C |
| Flash Point | 54°F |
| Water Solubility | SOLUBLE |
| Solubility | Soluble in acetone, alcohol, benzene, and ether (Weast, 1986). Miscible with most organicsolvents (Huntress and Mulliken, 1941) including 2-methylpropanol, toluene, cychexanone, andcyclopentanone. |
| Vapor Presure | 27 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | APHA: ≤20 |
| Odor | Mild ether-like odor detectable at 0.8 to 172 ppm (mean = 12 ppm) |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 25 ppm (≈90 mg/m3) (ACGIH),100 ppm (MSHA and OSHA); carcinogenicity:Animal Sufficient Evidence (IARC). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.70', , 'λ: 235 nm Amax: ≤0.50', , 'λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.20', , 'λ: |
| Merck | 14,3300 |
| BRN | 102551 |
| PH | 6-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | room temp |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, oxygen, halogens, reducing agents, moisture. Highly flammable - note wide explosive range. May form explosive peroxides in storage |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 1.7-25.2%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.422(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless liquid. Freezing point 11.80 ℃, boiling point 101.32 ℃(100kPa), relative density 1.0336(20/4 ℃), refractive index 1.4224, flash point 12 ℃. Can be miscible with water and most organic solvents. When there is no water, it is easy to form explosive peroxide. It has a faint scent of ester. |
Ethyleneether - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R46 - May cause heritable genetic damage R11 - Highly Flammable R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R48/23/24/25 - R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed R66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R19 - May form explosive peroxides R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R48/20/22 - R38 - Irritating to the skin R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R10 - Flammable |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
| UN IDs | UN 1993 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | JG8225000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29329990 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats (ml/kg): 5.7, 5.2 orally (Laug) |
Ethyleneether - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 4.89(x 10-6 atm?m3/mol) (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) |
| LogP | -0.42 at 20℃ |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 11, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | 1, 4-dioxane is a six-membered heterocyclic compound containing two oxygen heteroatoms, it is a colorless flammable liquid with a slightly ether-like odor. Sensitive to light. The vapor readily absorbs oxygen in the air to form explosive peroxides. The explosive limit is 1.97%-22.5% by volume, and treatment with a reducing agent is used in the distillation. Melting point 11.8 ℃, boiling point 101 ℃(750 mmHg), relative density 1.0337(20/4 ℃). Soluble in water and ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. It can form an azeotropic mixture with water (containing 18.6% of water), and its boiling point is 87.8. The reaction with Tetra-nitromethane was bright yellow. Daily purchase of goods often add a trace of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) as a stabilizer. |
| preparation | 1, 4-dioxane can be prepared from ethylene glycol by sulfuric acid dehydration and is also an indirect product in the production of ethylene oxide. |
| Use | 1, 4-dioxane is an excellent organic solvent, it can be used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and many resins, mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry as an extractant, in the production of 1,1, 1-trichloroethane as a stabilizer, in the production of polyurethane synthetic leather, instead of dimethyl amide, tetrahydrofuran as a volatile solvent. In the coating, paint process as a stripping agent. As a solvent and dispersant in the dye industry. In the printing ink as a stabilizer. It can be used as a metal surface treatment agent, and can also be used in cosmetics, perfume manufacturing, electroplating and so on. The product is used in the manufacture of special fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and spices, and as a solvent, reaction medium and extractant in scientific research. In Japan, the product is mainly used as a stabilizer of 1,1, 1-trichloroethane, adding 2.5-4%; Second, the application is more as a polyurethane synthetic leather, reaction solvent for amino acid synthesis of leather and the like. The product has strong dissolving ability, similar to dimethylformamide and stronger than tetrahydrofuran. Dioxane has the following uses worthy of attention:(1) forming complexes with sulfur trioxide, which can be used as sulfating agents in the synthesis of many compounds;(2) for the extraction of medicines and pesticides, Dewaxing of petroleum products, etc.;(3) as a dye dispersant, a dispersant for a wood colorant, and a solvent for an oil-soluble dye;(4) as a high-purity metal surface treatment agent, etc. The goods on the skin, lungs, mucous membranes are irritating. Severe poisoning can damage the liver and kidney. used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, resin, vegetable oil, mineral oil, soluble dyes, etc., used in the preparation of paint, varnish, plasticizer, used as chromatographic analysis reagent and acetic acid fiber and its derivatives solvent used as cellulose acetate, vegetable oil, mineral oil, soluble dyes and other solvents, used in the preparation of paint, varnish, plasticizers, lubricants, etc. with the general characteristics of ethers, mainly used as extractants in medicine and organic synthesis, paint stripping agents, dye solvents and dispersants, and in the polyurethane synthetic leather instead of tetrahydrofuran and so on. mainly polyurethane synthetic leather, amino acid synthetic leather, resin vegetable oil, mineral oil, medicine, paint, dye solvent, is 1,1, 1-trichloroethane stabilizer, also used for plasticizer, antioxidant, etc. solvent, solvent commonly used in non-aqueous titration, separation of lithium from potassium and sodium. Lignin extractant. solvent for polyurethane synthetic leather, amino acid synthetic leather, resin vegetable oil, mineral oil, medicine, paint, dye; Stabilizer for 1,1, 1-trichloroethane; Plasticizer, antioxidant |
| dioxane purification and water removal method | dioxane can be mixed with water at will, often containing a small amount of diethanol acetal and water, long-stored dioxane may contain peroxide (see ethyl ether for identification and removal). Dioxane is purified by adding a solution of 8ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50ml of water to 500ml of dioxane and refluxing for 6-10H. During The reflux, nitrogen is slowly introduced to remove the acetaldehyde formed. After cooling, solid potassium hydroxide was added until it could no longer be dissolved, and the aqueous layer was separated and dried for 24h with solid potassium hydroxide. It is then filtered, heated to reflux in the presence of metallic sodium for 8-12H, finally distilled in the presence of metallic sodium, and sealed with wire for preservation. Purified 1, 4-dioxane should be avoided in contact with air. |
| considerations for distillation of 1, 4-dioxane | similar to distillation of ether and THF, before each distillation must first remove peroxide, in addition to water. Can not be completely evaporated to dryness, leaving about 1/4 not distilled out. |
| toxicity | 1, 4-dioxane has low toxicity, median lethal dose (rat, oral) 4200mg/kg. There is a potential for cancer. Irritating. |
| reference quality standard | [character] colorless transparent liquid [acid value] ≤ 0.01% (based on CH3COOH) [Density] 1.030-1.035g/ml(20 C) [Freezing point] ≥ 11.0 ℃ [evaporation residue] ≤ 0.01% [aldehyde] suitable test [peroxide] ≤ 0.005% (calculated as H2O2) [Moisture] ≤ 0.1% [content] ≥ 99.5% |
| production method | obtained by dehydration of ethylene glycol (or polyethylene glycol ether) under sulfuric acid catalysis. Direct dimerization from ethylene oxide is also possible. The dimerization reaction is carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst, which may be sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfate, boron trifluoride, etc. When industrial grade dioxane needs to be refined into pure products, powdered sodium hydroxide can be added into dioxane to remove acidic substances and moisture, filter out solid substances and then distilled to obtain the finished products. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | abdominal injection-rat LD50: 799 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50:5700 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 515 mg mild; eye-rabbit 100 mg/24 h moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; Combustion stimulus smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 90 mg/m3; Tel 135 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 180°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 500 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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