LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE
Lithium titanate
CAS: 12031-82-2
Molecular Formula: Li2O3Ti
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Lithium titanate |
| Synonyms | LTO dilithium Lithium titanate LITHIUM TITANATE oxygen(-2) anion dilithium titanate titanium(+4) cation LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE LithiuM Titanate, Powder Lithiumtitanatewhitepowder tetralithium tetraoxidotitanium |
| CAS | 12031-82-2 |
| EINECS | 234-759-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/4Li.4O.Ti/q4*+1;4*-1;/r4Li.O4Ti/c;;;;1-5(2,3)4/q4*+1;-4 |
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Li2O3Ti |
| Molar Mass | 109.75 |
| Density | 3.418 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1520-1564°C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water. |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Color | Off-white |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Refractive Index | 2.087 (589.3 nm) |
| MDL | MFCD00016181 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Lithium titanate is white powder, melting point 1520~1564 ℃, insoluble in water, has a strong flux properties. |
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R20 - Harmful by inhalation R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S38 - In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
lithium titanate is a white powder. Melting point 1520~1564 ℃, insoluble in water, has a strong flux properties.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
an equal amount of metatitanic acid and lithium hydroxide were reacted, filtered, separated, and dried.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:39
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for the raw material containing titanium glaze, the dosage is small, that is, it has the melting property, and can be used as a flux. There is no volume change in the charge-discharge reaction, the cycle performance is good, and it is regarded as a "zero strain material" and can be used as a secondary battery material.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:40
LITHIUM TITANIUM OXIDE - Reference Information
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Electrode material | Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) is a composite oxide of metal lithium and low potential transition metal titanium, with a defective spinel structure. In the 2070s, it was used as a superconducting material for a lot of research. In the late 80s, it was used as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, because it is relatively low in lithium potential and low in specific energy (theoretical specific capacity is 175 mAh/g), it has not attracted widespread attention. In 1996, Canadian researcher K.Zaghib proposed for the first time that lithium titanate material can be used as a negative electrode and a high-voltage positive electrode to form a lithium ion battery, and an asymmetric supercapacitor with a carbon electrode. Later, Xiaochai Xinqing and others also carried out research on it as a lithium ion anode material. However, it was not until around 1999 that people started a lot of research on Li4Ti5O12 as a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Lithium titanate with spinel structure is called "zero strain" material because its lattice constant hardly changes in the process of intercalation and removal of lithium. Its theoretical intercalation potential is 1.55V(vs.Li /Li) and its theoretical specific capacity is 175 mAh/g. due to the following advantages:(1) no structural change occurs during charging and discharging;(2) The discharge voltage relative to Li /Li is close to 1.55V, it does not react with the electrolyte and is not easy to cause metal lithium precipitation;(3) The lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 × 10-8cm2/s) is an order of magnitude higher than the carbon negative electrode;(4) High coulombic efficiency, non-toxic raw materials, Low price, suitable for environmental protection and large-scale development;(5) Good chemical stability, simple preparation, etc., as a negative material for lithium-ion power batteries, it is expected to solve the rapid charging performance and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries, it has good development and application prospects. |
| structure and performance | Li4Ti5O12 has a spinel structure, the space group is Fd3m, where O2-is located at 32e position, forming an FCC lattice, part of Li is located in the tetrahedral 8a gap, and the remaining Li and Ti4 are located in the octahedral 16d gap. therefore, its structural formula is: [Li]8a[Li1/3 Ti5/3]16d[O4]32e, lattice constant a = 0.836nm. When foreign Li is embedded in the Li4Ti5O12 lattice, these Li begin to occupy the 16c position, and the Li from the original tetrahedral 8a position also begins to migrate to the octahedral 16c position, and finally all the 16c positions are occupied by Li, forming a rock salt-type structure of [Li2]16c[Li1/3 Ti5/3]16d[O4]32e, so its capacity is mainly limited by the number of octahedral voids that can hold Li. Obviously, there is no relationship between Li, Ti4 and Li deintercalation at the 16d position of the octahedron, but Li at the 8a position of the tetrahedron enters the 16c position of the octahedron, so the lattice constant is not changed after the original spinel structure is embedded in Li, and the electrode potential remains unchanged, the phase transition of the charge-discharge process can be expressed by the equation [Li]8a[Li1/3 Ti5/3]16d[O4]32e xe-xLi →[Li1 x]16c[Li1/3 Ti5/3]16d[O4]32e. The Li7Ti5O12 of the reaction product is light blue. Due to the valence of Ti4 and Ti3, its electronic conductivity is better, and the conductivity is about 10-2S/cm. (2016-01-13) |
| preparation method | spinel lithium titanate preparation methods are mainly solid phase method, liquid phase method and other methods. The solid phase method can be subdivided into high temperature solid phase method, microwave heating method, solid phase rapid cooling method and other methods. The liquid phase method includes sol-gel method, hydrothermal reaction method, solvent evaporation method and hydrolysis method. In addition, there are some composite methods, such as molten salt method assisted solid phase method, spray drying method and microwave method assisted sol gel method. 1. The preparation of spinel Li4Ti5O12 by solid-phase method has obvious advantages, namely, simple operation, low equipment requirements, and suitable for large-scale production. However, the shortcomings are also obvious, such as uneven product particle size, irregular crystal shape, long synthesis period, and difficult stoichiometric control. At present, the preparation of Li4Ti5O12 mainly adopts high temperature solid phase method. Lithium salts such as TiO2_2 and Li2CO3 or LiOH are usually used as raw materials. The reaction temperature is usually 800 ℃ ~ 1000 ℃, and the reaction time is mostly 10h ~ 24h. The Li4Ti5O12 particles prepared by the high temperature solid phase method are relatively coarse, and the particle size is mostly micron. Fang Xing [7] et al. used Li2CO3 and nano-TiO2_2 as raw materials and calcined at 800 ℃ for 24 hours to prepare lithium titanate particles with a particle size of 0.2 μm ~ 0.4 μm. The first discharge capacity was 167mA h/g. After 80 charge and discharge cycles, the capacity became 162mA h/g. On the basis of two-step calcination, Guo Zhihong et al. systematically studied the effect of high-energy ball milling time on the particle size and electrochemical properties of the prepared Li4Ti5Ol2. The Li4Ti5Ol2 particles prepared by ball milling of the precursor for 2 h are evenly distributed and have good fluidity. The tap density reaches 1.70g/cm3, the first discharge specific capacity of 0.1 C is 174 mA h/g, which is close to the theoretical specific capacity of 175 mA h/g, and the discharge specific capacity at 5C is 124.2 mA h/g. Microwave heating method has the characteristics of rapid, clean, efficient, low consumption and high product purity. LIJ et al. prepared pure phase spinel lithium titanate by microwave heating method. The first discharge capacity reached 162 mA h/g at 0.1mA/cm2 and 144mA h/g at 0.4mA/cm2. 2. Liquid phase method Liquid phase method has the advantages of good chemical uniformity, high chemical purity and precise control of stoichiometric ratio. Sol-gel method mostly uses tetrabutyl titanate, lithium acetate or other lithium salts as raw materials, uses ethanol as solvent, prepares a solution according to stoichiometric ratio, uses lauric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, etc. as chelating agent, and the roasting temperature is usually 700~800 ℃. Wang Jin et al. synthesized highly dispersed Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystals with lauric acid as dispersant and anhydrous ethanol as solvent by anhydrous sol-gel method, with a particle size of about 120 ~ 275nm, basically no agglomeration, and good dispersibility. The specific capacity of 0.1C first charge and discharge is 244.57 and 229.1 mAh/g respectively, and the first charge and discharge efficiency is 93.7%. After 50 cycles, the specific discharge capacity is reduced to 192. 7 mAh/g, with an average of only 0.21% capacity attenuation per cycle and good cycle stability. The discharge performance is good at high magnification. At 0.5, 1, 2 and 5C magnification, the specific capacity of the first discharge is 174.7, 163.3, 132.3 and 100.3 mAh/g respectively, and the cycle performance is good. The spinel lithium titanate product prepared by hydrothermal method has uniform particle size distribution and small particle size. Y.F. Tang et al. synthesized spinel Li4Ti5Ol2 nano-pattern structures by hydrothermal method. The maximum capacity is as high as 167mA h/g at 0.2C and 152mA h/g at 8C after 100 cycles, showing excellent electrochemical performance. 3. Other Methods The molten salt method uses low-temperature molten salt as the reaction medium, which effectively reduces the reaction temperature and shortens the reaction time. Gao Liting et al. used low-temperature eutectic lithium salt 0.38 LiOH · H2O-0.62LiNO as lithium source and molten salt, Ruiqin ore TiO2 as titanium source, and used molten salt-assisted solid-phase method to prepare nano-Li4Ti5O12. The Li4Ti5O12 prepared by the three-stage calcination process has excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacity of the first discharge of 20C can reach 110.6 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate is 89.8% after 1000 cycles. |
| lithium titanate modification | at present, the conductivity and electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12 electrode materials are mainly improved through metal ion doping, carbon coating, carbon and metal composite and preparation of nanoparticles. 1. Metal ion doping Li4Ti5O12 Metal ion doping can reduce the intercalation lithium potential of Li4Ti5O12 composites on the one hand and improve the conductivity of composites on the other. 2. Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 can improve the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 materials, thus improving the electrochemical properties of materials. 3.Li4Ti5O12 and carbon or metal composite research found that the preparation of Li4Ti5O12 and carbon or metal composite research found that the preparation of Li4Ti5O12 and carbon or metal composite materials can effectively improve the Li4Ti5O12 rate performance. 4. Reducing the Li4Ti5O12 particle size and reducing the Li4Ti5O12 particle size can shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and significantly improve the rate performance of the Li4Ti5O12. However, when the Li4Ti5O12 particles are too small, the discharge platform is shortened due to the solid solution effect, and the larger reactive area leads to an increase in irreversible capacity, especially when the material discharge potential is low, the above phenomenon is more obvious. Recently, people have prepared micron-sized secondary particles composed of nano-sized primary particles. The Li4Ti5O12 not only has the superior rate charge and discharge performance of nano-sized primary particles, but also the specific surface area of the secondary particles is significantly reduced, the irreversible capacity is reduced, and the tap density is increased. This micron-sized secondary particle Li4Ti5O12 has great application value. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of preparation of micron carbon coated Li4Ti5O12 |
| use | used for titanium-containing glaze raw materials. if the amount is small, it has fluxing properties and can be used as fluxing agent. |
| production method | equimolar metatitanic acid and lithium hydroxide are reacted, filtered, separated and dried. |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Supplier List
Product Name: Lithium titanate Request for quotation
CAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
CAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
Spot supply
Product Name: Lithium Titanium Oxide Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotationCAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
Product Name: Lithium titanate Request for quotation
CAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
CAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
Spot supply
Product Name: Lithium Titanium Oxide Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotationCAS: 12031-82-2
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
View History