PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Palladium
CAS: 7440-05-3
Molecular Formula: Pd
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Palladium |
| Synonyms | Palladium Palladium on carbon Lead Poisoned, Reduced Palladium On Alumina Powder Palladium, On Calcium Carbonate, Unreduced Palladium Atomic Absorption Standard Solution PALLADIUM SILVER ALLOY POWDER -2.5 MICRON SPHERICAL |
| CAS | 7440-05-3 |
| EINECS | 231-115-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Pd |
| InChIKey | KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Pd |
| Molar Mass | 106.42 |
| Density | 1.025g/mLat 25°C |
| Melting Point | 1554°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 2970°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | INSOLUBLE |
| Appearance | Black solid |
| Specific Gravity | 12.03 |
| Color | Silver-gray |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,6989 |
| Storage Condition | no restrictions. |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable - fine powder may cause fire or explosion in air. Incompatible with ozone, sodium tetrahydroborate, sulphur, arsenic. |
| MDL | MFCD00011167 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 1555°C boiling point 3167°C water-soluble INSOLUBLE |
| Use | Mainly used in the preparation of catalysts (Palladium asbestos, sponge palladium, etc.), low current contact points, printed circuits, clocks and clocks, such as alloys |
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R33 - Danger of cumulative effects R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S22 - Do not breathe dust. |
| UN IDs | UN 3089 4.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | RT3480500 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28439000 |
| Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 200 mg/kg (palladium chloride) LC50 intratracheal (rat) 6 mg/kg (palladium chloride) |
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Ammonium hydroxide sulfur dioxide Sulfuric acid Ammonium chloride Chlorine Sodium Chlorate |
| Downstream Products | Palladium(II) chloride |
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Cui Xiaoqi, Wang Xiangheng, Wang Yuhe, et al. Study on synthesis of norcantharidin methyl tetradecarboxylate [J]. Chemical Research and Application 2020 032(001):123-127. 2. [IF = 8.198] Jing Bai et al."Synthesis of High-Density Components of Jet Fuel. Acs Sustain Chem Eng. 2021;9(20):7112-7119 |
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
is a silver-white metal, face-centered cubic crystal. Melting point 1555 ℃; Boiling point 3167 ℃;d20 12. 02; Mohs hardness 4.8, cloth hardness 61.o. Soluble in aqua regia, hot nitric acid, sulfuric acid, slightly soluble in beneficial acid, insoluble in cold water and hot water.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
pure palladium sponge was produced by a thermal decomposition method using palladium chloride as a raw material.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:21
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Introduction
Easily soluble in aqua regia, soluble in nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Resistance to hydrogen sulfide corrosion, the surface is not dark at room temperature. Hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid do not corrode palladium at room temperature, but hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid can slightly corrode palladium. Nitric acid, ferric chloride, hypochlorite and wet halogen will quickly corrode palladium.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:28:17
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Use
Open Data Verified Data
mainly used in electrical instruments, chemical industry and the production of precision alloys.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:21
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
should be stored in a dry, clean warehouse. During transportation, it is necessary to prevent rain and severe vibration.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:22
PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION - Reference Information
| resistivity | 9.96 ***-CM, 20°C |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | Palladium is a transition element of Group III (nickel group) and light platinum metals in the periodic table, is a medium hardness, medium forging and easy to extend the silver white metal. Palladium is an intermediate element in the 10th group of transition elements (periods 4, 5 and 6). Many of its properties are similar to the nickel located above it and the platinum located below it in this group. Palladium is a soft, silvery white metal with chemical and physical properties very similar to those of platinum. It is ductile and malleable, which means that it can be processed into thin sheets and drawn through a die into very thin wires. Palladium is soluble in aqua regia, hot nitric acid, sulfuric acid, slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid, insoluble in cold and hot water. |
| physical and chemical properties | Palladium appears in the form of six isotopes: 102Pd(1.0%),104Pd(11%),105Pd(22.2%),106Pd(27.3%), 108Pd(26.7%) and 110Pd(11.8%). Small amounts of palladium can be found in the lithosphere in the form of natural palladium and allaluminum palladium, PdPt and PdAu alloys, as well as in the form of contaminants from silver and nickel ores. Red heating of palladium produces a volatile palladium oxide, pdo2. At elevated temperatures, Palladium can react with fluorine or chlorine to form Palladium dihalides. It also reacts with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and slightly with hydrochloric acid. When palladium is heated in the presence of sulfur or phosphorus, Palladium sulfide or phosphides, respectively, are formed. palladium is characterized by its high hydrogen absorption, which makes it useful as a catalyst in the reduction process in the form of a palladium sponge or palladium black. In contrast to other platinum metals, palladium is much less resistant to chemicals. At elevated temperatures, Palladium reacts with oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and selenium. Palladium dust may pose a risk of fire and explosion. Palladium compounds show different water solubilities. Palladium is soluble only in nitric acid and sulfuric acid and in aqua regia. Compounds such as PdCl2,K2(PdCl4) and (NH3)2PdCl2 are soluble in water. |
| Discovery History | Palladium was discovered by W.H. In 1803. Wuraston during the refining and purification of platinum metal. This new metal was found in aqua regia extract of native platinum and was detected in solution after precipitation of platinum. This was removed as ammonium chloroplatinate. The solution was treated with mercurous cyanide to precipitate a yellow palladium complex salt. The precipitate was washed and ignited to form palladium metal. Wollaston named Palladium after the newly discovered planet Palas. |
| Source | palladium is considered a rare metal, accounting for only about 1 part per 0.1 billion parts of the Earth's crust. Although it is rarely found in a pure state, it is considered the 77th most abundant element on Earth. Instead, it is mixed with other metal or palladium compounds. It was first discovered in a gold mine in Brazil, which the miners thought was contaminated by what they called "Platinum. Later, it was considered to be an alloy combination of palladium and gold. Ore deposits containing palladium and other metals have been found in the Siberian and Urals mountains of Russia, Canada and South Africa, as well as in the South America. Palladium in nature is always associated with other platinum group metals. Its abundance in the Earth's crust is estimated to be 0.015 mg / kg, about three times that of platinum. Palladium occurs in the form of six isotopes: 102Pd(1.0%),104Pd(11%),105Pd(22.2%),106Pd(27.3%),108Pd(26.7%) and 110Pd(11.8%). Small amounts of palladium can be found in the lithosphere in the form of natural palladium and allaluminum palladium, PdPt and PdAu alloys, as well as in the form of contaminants from silver and nickel ores. |
| Use | Palladium is a soft white metal found in copper and nickel ores. The chloride of this element was used for printing after the turn of the century and also in combination with platinum for printing. Palladium is a transition metal element used in catalytic reactions involving processes such as hydrogenation. Lindlar catalyst. One of the most important applications of palladium is catalytic hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and petroleum cracking. Such reactions are widely used in organic synthesis and petroleum refining. Palladium and platinum are installed in the catalytic converter of an automobile to reduce the emission of unsaturated hydrocarbon gases. palladium is used in the manufacture of surgical instruments, electrical contacts, clock springs, high-quality spark plugs and special wires, and is used as "Platinum" in jewelry ". Palladium alloys are widely used in dentistry and medicine. They are used to replace damaged bones and joints and as a support in a porcelain-covered bridge. Palladium alloy can be used for decoration and jewelry to replace gold. They are used for Stones, cassettes and knobs. Palladium has the ability to absorb large amounts of hydrogen, making it an excellent catalyst for chemical reactions as well as catalytic converters for internal combustion engines. Palladium has the ability to absorb carbon and can be used to make carbon monoxide in CO monitoring devices. mainly used for thick film paste in electronics industry, inner and outer electrode materials of multilayer ceramic capacitor; Used for Catalyst, also used in the manufacture of dental materials, watches and surgical instruments; Used for catalyst (Palladium asbestos, sponge palladium, etc.), low current contact point, printed circuit, watch alloy, etc.; For electrical instruments, precision alloys, etc.; Electrical instruments, chemical industry and manufacturing precision alloys and other industrial use. |
| preparation | palladium can be produced from ore by dry process in industrial production; Copper can also be prepared from copper, nickel sulfide ore, in the production process, Nickel is used as a by-product as a raw material and is produced by hydrometallurgy. Nickel may also be produced from copper sulfide ores or nickel sulfide ores by a wet process with copper as a by-product. The wet process is based on the extraction of nickel and copper residues as raw materials, the addition of water for extraction, filtration, and then adding ammonia and hydrochloric acid for reaction, thereby forming the precipitation of ammonium chloride Palladium acid. After purification and filtration, the final product palladium obtained from ammonium chloropalladium can be reduced with 99.95% palladium in hydrogen. |
| Storage Considerations | palladium-carbon should always be treated under an inert atmosphere, preferably argon, and before the catalyst is added, the reaction vessel was flushed with an inert gas. Addition of the dried catalyst to the organic solvent in air is prohibited. Palladium on carbon recovered from the catalytic hydrogenation reaction by filtration requires careful handling because it is typically saturated with hydrogen and self-ignites upon exposure to air. Do not dry the filter cake, add moist material to large amounts of water and dispose of it properly. |
| production method | industrial production can be made from ore by dry process; Copper, nickel sulfide ore can also be prepared from copper, the by-products formed in the production of nickel are used as raw materials and are produced by wet smelting. The residual components after extraction of nickel and copper were taken as raw materials by wet method, and extracted by adding aqua regia, filtered, and ammonia and hydrochloric acid were added to the filtrate to react to produce ammonium chloropalladium acid precipitate. After refining and filtration, ammonium palladium chloride was reduced with hydrogen to obtain about 99.95% of the finished Palladium. |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | >1120 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
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PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
2-羟基-3-丙酰基-5-溴苯甲酸甲酯
beta-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)propionic acid
Sodium fluosilicate
3-(Methoxy)tetrafluoropropionic acid
邻苯二甲酸甲基油酰酯
2-羟基-3-丙酰基-5-溴苯甲酸甲酯
beta-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)propionic acid
Sodium fluosilicate
3-(Methoxy)tetrafluoropropionic acid
邻苯二甲酸甲基油酰酯
Raw Materials for PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Downstream Products for PALLADIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION