POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE
polyaniline
CAS: 25233-30-1;5612-44-2
Molecular Formula: C6H7N
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Names and Identifiers
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H7N |
| Molar Mass | 93.13 |
| Density | 1.36g/mLat 25°C |
| Melting Point | >330°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 116 °C |
| Flash Point | 23 °C |
| Solubility | Soluble in sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid. |
| Appearance | powder (Infusible) |
| Color | Dark green |
| Storage Condition | Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
| Refractive Index | 1.85 |
| MDL | MFCD00284320 |
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R10 - Flammable R20/21 - Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. R38 - Irritating to the skin R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R36 - Irritating to the eyes R11 - Highly Flammable R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child |
| Safety Description | S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
The intrinsic state of polyaniline is dark copper powder, conductivity is only 1.7 × 10-9 S/cm, is a weak semiconductor material; Doped polyaniline is partially crystalline dark green powder. The electrochemical reaction of polyaniline has good reversibility, strong charge storage ability and stability to moisture and air.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
commonly used polyaniline preparation methods include chemical oxidation and electrolytic polymerization. Chemical oxidation of polyaniline although the conductivity is slightly poor, but the cost is low, a synthesis is also more, so in recent years, the development is still rapid. This synthesis method, with the use of monomer raw materials and different oxidants, the specific implementation of the process is also a variety of product properties are not the same. Here only introduce the aniline hydrochloride as raw material, potassium dichromate as oxidant chemical synthesis method: According to 0. Ratio of amounts of substances 25:1 potassium dichromate and aniline hydrochloride were dissolved in concentrations of 1.0 to 3, respectively. Omol/L hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution. The potassium dichromate solution was then added dropwise to the aniline hydrochloride solution using a dropping funnel and allowed to react for 90min at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered under reduced pressure and washed with aqueous hydrochloric acid until the filtrate was colorless, and the product was dried under vacuum.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:09:51
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
can be widely used in secondary plastic batteries, solar cells, electrochromic displays, chemical sensors, chemical resistance, semiconductor components, microelectronic devices, metal and semiconductor anti-corrosion and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:09:52
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
can be sealed with plastic or glass containers, stored in a cool and ventilated place, to prevent sun, high temperature and moisture, can be transported by non dangerous goods.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:09:53
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Molding Process
Open Data Verified Data
parts can be molded at a certain temperature and pressure.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:09:52
POLYANILINE, WATER-SOLUBLE - Reference Information
| overview | polyaniline is a polymer synthetic material, commonly known as conductive plastic. It is a long-chain conjugated polymer whose main chain is composed of two units of p-phenylenediamine and quinone diimine. Although it has existed under the name "aniline black" as early as the mid-19th century and is widely used in the dye industry, It was not until 1983 that Alan G. MacDiarmid re-conducted scientific research. After Alan J. Heeger and his team discovered its unique structure analysis and performance, polyaniline became one of the most important conductive polymer varieties. Polyaniline is a kind of polymer compound with special electrical and optical properties, which can have electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties after doping. After certain treatment, various equipment and materials with special functions can be produced, such as urease sensors that can be used as biological or chemical sensors, electronic field emission sources, and more excellent in the charging and discharging process than traditional lithium electrode materials. Reversible electrode materials, selective membrane materials, anti-static and electromagnetic shielding materials, conductive fibers, anti-corrosion materials, etc. |
| Molecular structure | In 1987, Macdiarmid et al. conducted in-depth research on the structure of polyaniline and proposed benzene (reduction unit)-quinone (oxidation unit) The polyaniline model in which structural units coexist. The chemical structure of the intrinsic polyaniline is shown in the figure, which is mainly composed of two parts: an oxidation unit and a reduction unit. where the y value (0 ≤y≤ 1) shows the degree of redox of polyaniline, and n represents the degree of polymerization. When y = 1, the structure of polyaniline is fully reduced type, which is called fully reduced type cryptylenimine polyaniline. When y = 0.5, the reduced state and the oxidation state coexist, which is called the emerald imine polyaniline in the intermediate oxidation state. When y = 0, there is only a total oxidation state in the structure, which is called the total oxidation state peraniline black polyaniline. The redox reaction of polyaniline will be accompanied by the transformation of these two structural units, and at the same time show different color changes. Polyaniline is a kind of special functional material. It has the density of plastics, the conductivity of metals and the processability of plastics. It also has the chemical and electrochemical properties that metals and plastics lack. It can be used in the defense industry. Stealth materials, anti-corrosion materials, and can be used as metal anti-corrosion materials, anti-static materials, electronic chemicals, etc. |
| Conductivity and mechanism | During electrochemical or chemical doping, polyaniline will undergo a redox reaction, and the ions in the dopant will enter the polyaniline polymer. The electrons on the main chain are neutralized. This process can realize the reversible transition of polyaniline from the insulating state to the conductive state. In the process of polyaniline doped with proton acid, the proton acid dissociates, and the hydrogen ion moves to the molecular chain of polyaniline, causing the nitrogen atom on the imine to undergo a protonation reaction and generate a charged element excited state polaron. After the polyaniline in the intermediate oxidation state is doped with proton acid, the quinone ring disappears from the molecule and the electron clouds are redistributed, and the positive charge delocalization is transferred from the nitrogen atom to the conjugated π bond, which enhances the conductivity of polyaniline. The doping process can change the conductivity of polyaniline, and its value can reach 18 orders of magnitude, and its conductivity can be changed by controlling the type and concentration of dopant. |
| solubility | polyaniline is extremely poor in solubility due to its chain rigidity and strong interaction between chains. It is almost insoluble in most commonly used organic solvents and is only partially soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, which brings certain difficulties to characterization and greatly limits the application of polyaniline. Soluble or water-soluble conductive polyaniline is obtained by structural modification (derivatives, grafting, copolymerization), doping induction, polymerization, compounding and preparation of colloidal particles. For example, a water-soluble conductive polymer can be obtained by introducing a sulfonic acid group on the polyaniline molecular chain. However, polyaniline solution has a strong tendency to gelate even at a very low concentration (<5%), and the tendency to gelate becomes more obvious at a high concentration (>20%) required for spinning solution. Using NMP as solvent to dissolve polyaniline with high molecular weight, and adding dimethyl aziridine as gel inhibitor, a stable solution can be obtained. This is because dimethyl aziridine destroys the hydrogen bonds between molecular chains and hinders the gel effect. However, this solvent is expensive and has poor practical prospects. |
| Optical properties | The main chain of the polyaniline molecule contains a large number of conjugated P electrons. When irradiated by strong light, the electrons in the polyaniline valence band will be excited To the conduction band, an additional electron-hole pair appears, that is, the intrinsic photoconductivity, and at the same time excites the electrons or holes on the impurity energy level in the band to change its conductivity, which has a significant photoelectric conversion effect. Moreover, the response is very complicated and very fast under different light sources. Under the action of laser, polyaniline exhibits high nonlinear optical characteristics and can be used in information storage, frequency modulation, optical switch and optical computer technologies. |
| use | conductive polymer. Suitable for dip coating. Conductive polymer. Suitable for spin coating. Additives in polymer mixtures and dispersions for electromagnetic shielding, charge loss, electrodes, batteries and sensors. |
| production method | there are many methods for synthesizing polyaniline, including chemical polymerization, condensation polymerization (Schiff alkali route), in-situ adsorption polymerization, electrochemical polymerization (potentiodynamic scanning method, constant current, constant potential, pulse polarization method), etc. Polyaniline can be molded at a certain temperature and pressure. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:05:11
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