Name | Propionic acid |
Synonyms | PROPANYL ACID TRIANOIC ACID Propionic acid PROPANOIC ACID PROPIONIC ACID PROPIONATE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD |
CAS | 79-09-4 |
EINECS | 201-176-3 |
InChIKey | XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Molecular Formula | C3H6O2 |
Molar Mass | 74.08 |
Density | 0.993g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
Melting Point | −24-−23°C(lit.) |
Boling Point | 141°C(lit.) |
Flash Point | 125°F |
JECFA Number | 84 |
Water Solubility | 37 g/100 mL |
Solubility | organic solvents: soluble(lit.) |
Vapor Presure | 2.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
Vapor Density | 2.55 (vs air) |
Appearance | Liquid |
Specific Gravity | 0.996 (20/4℃) |
Color | ≤10, APHA: |
Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 10 ppm (~30 mg/m3) (ACGIH). |
Merck | 14,7825 |
BRN | 506071 |
pKa | 4.86(at 25℃) |
PH | 3.96(1 mM solution);3.44(10 mM solution);2.94(100 mM solution); |
Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Flammable. |
Explosive Limit | 2.1-12%(V) |
Refractive Index | n20/D 1.386(lit.) |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Physical and chemical properties of propionic acid, also known as oleic acid, containing three carbon atoms of saturated monocarboxylic acid, one of the typical volatile lower fatty acids. Chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. Molecular weight 74.08. Colorless, clear, oily liquid with unpleasant rancidity and pungent odor. Melting Point -20.8 °c, boiling point 140.99, 41.6chemical book5(1330Pa), relative density 0.9930, refractive index 1.3869. Ka = 1.34 x 10-5. Miscible with water. Soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Chemical properties of active, acidic, can be generated salt, esterification, reduction and other reactions. LD504.29g/kg (rats oral). |
Use | Uses propionic acid is widely used in the food industry can be used for the production of calcium propionate, sodium propionate and other preservatives, can also be used for the production of propionate esters flavor. |
Hazard Symbols | C - Corrosive![]() |
Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R34 - Causes burns R10 - Flammable |
Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
UN IDs | UN 3463 8/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | UE5950000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29155010 |
Hazard Class | 8 |
Packing Group | II |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth) |
Abstract:
The effects of different concentrations of propionic acid (0,0.20%,0.25%,0.30%) on the dynamic changes of silage fermentation were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of propionic acid had no significant effect on the content of VFAs in the silage of Italian ryegrass, and increased the lactic acid and WSC content of lactic acid/acetic acid in the late stage of fermentation, in the early stage of fermentation, the content of lactic acid and the pH value in the early stage of silage were reduced; The AN/TN value, the content of acetic acid and the production rate were reduced. Considering comprehensively, the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage was the best at 0.25% supplemental level.
Key words:
Italian ryegrass; Propionic acid; Fermentation quality
DOI:
10.11686/cyxb20090216
cited:
year:
2009
Wang Liangju , guard Jiang , yellow Health Care
Abstract:
The treatment of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 10mg · L-1 could significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of muskmelon seedlings under low light, low temperature stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity of melon seedlings. After ALA treatment, the photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal aperture, chlorophyll (especially chlorophyll B) and soluble sugar content of melon seedlings were significantly increased. After ALA treatment for 3 days, the seedlings were transferred to 8 ℃ under low temperature for 4H, and the photosynthetic capacity of the control leaves was basically lost, while the ALA treated leaves could still maintain a certain photosynthetic capacity, and basically recovered to the control level within 20 H. If the seedlings were treated at low temperature for 6h, the control plants were completely dead, while the ALA pretreated plants showed only a small amount of damage symptoms. The results of this study showed that ALA treatment could improve the low light tolerance and cold resistance of plants
.Key words:
DOI:
10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2004.03.007
cited:
year:
2004
Yang's book Wu Wei , Wu Yousan , Xue Yinglong
Abstract:
wheat variety MN7213 with high resistance to powdery mildew, Atd "S" of medium resistance to jp73, medium susceptible variety S_(12)-Nb and highly susceptible variety Velella Mar. wheat powdery mildew collected from Shenyang area at the 3-leaf stage of seedling (virulence formula: 4/1,2,3a,3b,3c,5) vaccination. 12 hours after inoculation, each resistant and susceptible wheat variety showed phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity peak, but the activity peak of resistant varieties was higher, which was twice as high as that of susceptible varieties, the duration was also longer, up to 48 hours, while the peak of the enzyme activity of the susceptible variety decreased rapidly, approaching the normal level at 24 hours. 48 hours after inoculation, the resistant varieties showed an increase in the amount of lignin precursor ferulic acid, while the susceptible varieties showed an increase in ferulic acid at 72-96 hours, and the increase was small. The increase of lignin content was also different, and it had a positive correlation with the disease resistance of wheat varieties: the high resistance varieties increased by 0.327%; The middle resistance varieties increased by 0.284%; The middle sense varieties increased by 0.132%, while the high sense varieties were only 0.11%. In addition, along with the increase of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, chlorogenic acid (phenylpropionic acid metabolism a kind of Phenolic plant protection product) also accumulates rapidly, but the accumulation phase and amount of wheat varieties with different disease resistance are different, the growth of chlorogenic acid appeared in the resistant varieties 48 hours after inoculation, 48 hours earlier than the susceptible varieties, The highest increase was 3.30 μg/ml for the former and 1.35 μg/ml for the latter. The above results show that the resistance of small surface varieties to powdery mildew is closely related to the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme of phenylpropionic acid metabolism, and is expressed by the increase of metabolites chlorogenic acid and lignin.
stowed
Key words:
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase powdery mildew resistance resistant varieties susceptible species wheat powdery mildew disease resistance lignin content Shenyang area powdery mildew resistance wheat powdery mildew
cited:
year:
1986
FEMA | 2924 | PROPIONIC ACID |
olfactory Threshold | 0.0057ppm |
LogP | 0.33 at 25℃ |
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Introduction | propionic acid also known as oleic acid, containing three carbon atoms of saturated monocarboxylic acid, one of the typical volatile lower fatty acids. Chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. Molecular weight 74.08. Colorless, clear, oily liquid with unpleasant rancidity and pungent odor. Melting Point -20.8 ℃, boiling point 140.99, 41.65 (1330Pa ), relative density 0.9930, refractive index 1.3869. Ka = 1.34 x 10-5. Miscible with water. Soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Chemical properties of active, acidic, can be generated salt, esterification, reduction and other reactions. |
Use | propionic acid is widely used in the food industry for the production of calcium propionate, sodium propionate and other preservatives, it can also be used for the production of propionate flavor. used as organic reagents, esterifying agents and plasticizers, also used in the preparation of food spices preservatives; Fungicides; Spices. A viscous substance inhibitor for beer and the like. as a feed fungicide. Dosage: 0.15%-0.25%. propionic acid is an important chemical raw material, is the fungicide metalaxyl, benzalene, herbicide dimefter, quetiapine, haizole, piroxobin, thiazolium, flupirheeling, it is also an intermediate of medicine and can be used as a preservative in food industry and a preservative for green feed. propionic acid is an important fine chemical and an intermediate of many other fine chemicals. It is mainly used as food and feed additives, followed by home Medicine, Medicine, spices and so on. In grain and feed additives, the application effect of propionic acid is remarkable, and the consumption is increasing rapidly. (1) food additives. Calcium propionate and sodium propionate can prevent food spoilage caused by the action of microorganisms, prolong food storage time, effective for the preservation of bread and cakes. (2) grain preservative. Propionic acid has been successfully used in the prevention of mildew and caking of cereals, which provides a new method for the long-term storage and preservation of cereals. (3) beverage preservation agent. It is proved that propionic acid, sodium propionate and calcium propionate are all good feed preservatives, which are mostly used to preserve feed for pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry, among which calcium propionate has the best effect. Zinc propionate and cadmium propionate in propionic acid salt are the catalyst for producing terephthalate polyester; There are many varieties of propionate esters, with their respective uses, which can be used as solvents, fragrances, pharmaceutical intermediates, cosmetic additives, resin modifiers, cigarette filter plasticizers, gas oil antiknock agents, antibacterial agents and so on. Propionic acid derivatives of the intermediate 2-chloropropionic acid, lactic acid, 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid, 2-bromopropionic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid, propionitrile, propionyl chloride, respectively, for many drugs, pesticides, production of spices and other products. for the preparation of flavor propionate, and used as nitrocellulose solvent and plasticizer, etc. Food preservative intermediates; For esterification reaction; For the modification of alkyd resin; for the production of synthetic lubricants and hydraulic fluids. determination of aromatic diamines, gas chromatography analysis standard. Insect cell culture grade is used to inhibit the growth of mold in insect cell culture. |
content analysis | a sample of 3G (to the nearest 0.1mg) was placed in a ml flask, 50ml of water was added and mixed. Several drops of phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167) were added and titrated with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide until the initial reddish color appeared and remained above 30s. Each ml of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 74.08mg of propionic acid (C3H6O2). |
toxicity | ADI is not restrictive (FAO/WHO,2001). LD50 5.6g/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1081,2000). |
usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984): processed cheese 3000mg/kg. EEC(1990): baked and dairy products, pizza, pudding, cheese, etc. 300mg/kg (calculated as wheat flour). Japan (1997,g/kg): cheese 3; Bread, cake 2.5; Spices GMP. GB 2760 a 96: grain 1.8 g/kg. |
production method | propionic acid is present in fermented or spoilage milk products, molasses, starch, and the like. In the early stage, propionic acid was mainly derived from some by-products, such as paraffin nitration, sugar or starch fermentation, Wood retorting, light hydrocarbon oxidation to acetic acid and other processes, which produced a small amount of propionic acid. At present, the main methods of industrial production of propionic acid are propionaldehyde oxidation, ethanol carboxylation, light hydrocarbon oxidation to acetic acid as by-product recovery. Propionaldehyde is easily oxidized to propionic acid by air or other oxidants. The oxidation process can be carried out using salts such as cobalt, manganese and copper as a catalyst, or without a catalyst at atmospheric or slightly increased pressure. The yield of this method can reach more than 95%, and more than 90% of the propionic acid production in the United States is produced by this method. The oxidation of light hydrocarbons is one of the main processes for the production of acetic acid. 25t formic acid and 10T propionic acid can be produced per 100T acetic acid. 3. The method of ethanol carboxylation is based on ethanol, carbon monoxide and water as raw materials, under high temperature and high pressure catalytic carboxylation to obtain propionic acid. DuPont Company of the United States uses this method to build a production plant with an annual output of 5000t. The process conditions of this method are harsh, the requirements of equipment material are high, and the development is limited. Direct oxidation of low carbon hydrocarbons to produce acetic acid by oxidation of low carbon hydrocarbons as raw materials can produce formic acid and propionic acid, which can be obtained after separation. Propionic acid was synthesized by the one-step reaction of ethylene with carbon monoxide and water using Reppe as catalyst. The reaction conditions were 250-320 °c and 10-30MPa. Propionitrile by hydrolysis of propionitrile in concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the system. Acrylic acid method from the hydrogenation of acrylic acid reduction. The preparation method is based on ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw materials, in the presence of cobalt naphthenate and other catalysts, at 100~200 ℃, under the condition of 20~30 MPa, propionaldehyde is formed by reaction in polar solvent, which is further oxidized by air or oxygen. The catalyst is cobalt naphthenate, manganese naphthenate, copper acetate, etc, propionic acid was prepared by atmospheric pressure oxidation reaction, and the conversion rate of propionaldehyde was 95% ~ 98%. Reaction equation: CH2 = CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CHO2CH3CH2CHO + O2 → 2CH3CH2COOH this method is the main method for producing propionic acid abroad. (1) propionaldehyde oxidation. Propionaldehyde can be oxidized to propionic acid by air under the catalysis of cobalt, copper or manganese salts. The yield was more than 95%. (2) the oxidation of light hydrocarbons. Light sodium oxidation is one of the main methods to produce acetic acid, and also produce formic acid and propionic acid. (3) ethanol carboxylation method. Propionic acid was obtained from ethanol, CO and water as raw materials under high temperature and high pressure. results from the reaction of ethanol with carbon monoxide catalyzed by boron difluoride. By carbon monoxide and acetylene, water vapor at high temperature, high pressure, iron or nickel as a catalyst for the reaction. Derived from the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The waste liquor from wood pulp was purified by fermentation with Propionibacterium sp. |
category | flammable liquid |
toxicity grade | poisoning |
Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 2600 mg/kg |
stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 495 mg severe; Eye-rabbit 990 μg severe |
flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
storage and transportation characteristics | The package is complete, light and light unloading; The warehouse is ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and oxidant, separate storage of alkali |
fire extinguishing agent | foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand |
Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 10 PPM (30 mg/m3); Tel 15 PPM (45 mg/m3) |
spontaneous combustion temperature | 955 ° F. |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |