Propionic acid
Propionic acid
CAS: 79-09-4
Molecular Formula: C3H6O2
Propionic acid - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Propionic acid |
| Synonyms | PROPANYL ACID TRIANOIC ACID Propionic acid PROPANOIC ACID PROPIONIC ACID Propanoic Acid Natural Propionic Acid Propionic acid solution PROPIONATE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD |
| CAS | 79-09-4 |
| EINECS | 201-176-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C3H6O2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3,(H,4,5) |
| InChIKey | XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Propionic acid - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H6O2 |
| Molar Mass | 74.08 |
| Density | 0.993g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −24-−23°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 141°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 125°F |
| JECFA Number | 84 |
| Water Solubility | 37 g/100 mL |
| Solubility | organic solvents: soluble(lit.) |
| Vapor Presure | 2.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.55 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.996 (20/4℃) |
| Color | ≤10, APHA: |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 10 ppm (～30 mg/m3) (ACGIH). |
| Merck | 14,7825 |
| BRN | 506071 |
| pKa | 4.86(at 25℃) |
| PH | 3.96(1 mM solution);3.44(10 mM solution);2.94(100 mM solution); |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Flammable. |
| Explosive Limit | 2.1-12%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.386(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless liquid, irritating odor. melting point -22 ℃ boiling point 144.1 ℃ freezing point relative density 0.992 refractive index 1.3874 flash point 65.5 ℃ water miscibility, soluble in ethanol, acetone and ether. |
| Use | For the preparation of flavor propionate, and used as nitrocellulose solvent and plasticizer |
Propionic acid - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | C - Corrosive |
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R34 - Causes burns R10 - Flammable |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
| UN IDs | UN 3463 8/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | UE5950000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29155010 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth) |
Propionic acid - Upstream Downstream Industry
Propionic acid - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless liquid with pungent odor. The relative density was 0.992. Melting Point -22 °c. Boiling point 144.1 °c. Refractive index 3874. Miscible with water, soluble in ethanol, acetone and ether. Flash point (Open Cup) 65.5 °c. Ignition point: 485 ℃. The explosion limit is 2.1% ~ 12%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Propionic acid - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- direct oxidation of low carbon hydrocarbons to low carbon hydrocarbons as raw materials for the oxidation of acetic acid can produce formic acid and propionic acid, propionic acid can be obtained after separation. See acetic acid.
- propionic acid is synthesized from ethylene by Reppe method by one-step reaction with carbon monoxide and water under the catalysis of nickel carbonyl.
- propionaldehyde oxidation propionaldehyde reacts with air or oxygen in the presence of a manganese propionate catalyst to produce propionic acid.
- propionitrile hydrolysis method from propionitrile in concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis.
- The acrylic acid method is obtained by hydrogenation and reduction of acrylic acid.
- ethanol carbonylation method ethanol is obtained by reaction with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:17:20
Propionic acid - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains C3 H6 0 2 not less than 99.5%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Propionic acid - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is a colorless to yellowish oily liquid with irritating and greasy odor.
- This product is miscible with water, ethanol or ether.
relative density
The relative density of this product (General 0601) is 0. 993~997.
distillation range
The distillation range of this product (General 0611) is 138. 5~142.5*0.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:39
Propionic acid - Use
Open Data Verified Data
organic synthesis raw materials, mainly used in the synthesis of propionate and ester products. Its calcium and sodium salts are excellent preservatives for the preservation of baked food and cereals. Its esters can be used as a special solvent for spices and coatings, and phenylmercury propionate is a good bactericide for coatings. Propionic acid can also be used as an additive for silage, pesticide herbicides (dichloroeba, thallus) and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:17:21
Propionic acid - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take the product lmL, add 3 drops of sulfuric acid and ethanol lm l, heating, the occurrence of Ester aroma.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:40
Propionic acid - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
propionic acid is a flammable liquid, low toxicity, has a stimulating effect on the mucosa, has a bactericidal effect. When the skin is contaminated with propionic acid, rinse with plenty of water. The oral LD50 of mice was 3.5~4.3g/kg, and the maximum allowable concentration in air was L50 mg/m3.
More than 99.5% of the propionic acid need to use alloy or aluminum storage tank packaging. Dilute propionic acid can not be used in aluminum tanks, can be used in alloy steel or plastic lined ordinary steel tank packaging.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:17:21
Propionic acid - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
Non-volatile
take 20.0g of this product, put it in a 105C constant weight evaporation dish, evaporate it to dryness, and dry it to constant weight in 105X: leave no residue beyond 2. 0mg.
aldehyde
This product 1 0.0 m l, containing 50ml of water and 1.25% sodium bisulfite solution. In the 00ml iodine bottle, plug, strongly shake; After 30 minutes, with Iodine titration solution (0.05mOl/L) titration to Brown yellow, while doing blank test. The difference between the volume of the iodine titrant consumed by the blank and the sample (0.05mol/L) shall not be more than 1. 75ml.
easy oxide
Take 15g of sodium hydroxide, add 50 ml of water to dissolve, cool, add bromine 6 m l, fully stir to dissolve completely, dilute to 20 0 0m l with water, and shake well. Take 2 5 m l of the solution in a precise amount, place it in an iodine bottle containing 20% of water, add 1 0 m l of sodium acetate solution, and add 1 0 of this product. 0 m l, shake, place for 15 minutes, add 25% potassium iodide solution 5 m l, add hydrochloric acid 10ml, use sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0. lm o l/L) titration to Brown yellow disappeared, while doing blank test. The difference between the volume of sodium thiosulfate titrant (0. lm o l/L) consumed by the blank and the sample shall not be more than 2. 2ml.
moisture
take this product, according to the determination of moisture (General 0832 first method), the water content shall not exceed 0.15%.
Heavy metals
The remaining residue under the item of non-volatile matter was taken and O was added. lm o l/L hydrochloric acid 8 m l, dissolved in slight heat, diluted with water to 10 m l, shake well, take 10. Oml, inspected by law (General rules 0821, Law 1), containing no more than 10 parts per million of heavy metals.
arsenic salt
take this product 5 .0g in a porcelain crucible, add 1 0 m l of 15% magnesium nitrate solution, add l g of magnesium oxide powder, mix well, soak for 4 hours, and evaporate at low temperature or on a water bath, firstly, heat under small fire to complete carbonization, and then burn at 550°C to complete Ash, let it cool to room temperature, add appropriate amount of water to wet, add phenolphthalein indicator drops, slowly add hydrochloric acid solution (1-2) after the red color of phenolphthalein fades, filter, put the filtrate into a 50ml measuring flask, wash the Crucible with a small amount of water for 3 times, wash and dilute to the scale with water, shake well, Take 6.67 m l, add water 16. 3ml, add hydrochloric acid 5 m l, check according to law (General rule 08 2 2 first law), should comply with the regulations (0. 0003%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:41
Propionic acid - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about 0 .8G, precision weighing, add 100ml of fresh boiling cold water to dissolve, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use sodium hydroxide titration solution (0 .5M o l/L) titration to the solution is pink, and keep 30 seconds does not fade. Each lm l of sodium hydroxide titrant (0 .5m o l/L) is equivalent to 37. 04mg of C3H602.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:41
Propionic acid - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, p H value regulator, cosolvent and bacteriostatic agent, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:42
Propionic acid - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:42
Propionic acid - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2924 | PROPIONIC ACID |
| olfactory Threshold | 0.0057ppm |
| LogP | 0.33 at 25℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | propionic acid also known as oleic acid, containing three carbon atoms of saturated monocarboxylic acid, one of the typical volatile lower fatty acids. Chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. Molecular weight 74.08. Colorless, clear, oily liquid with unpleasant rancidity and pungent odor. Melting Point -20.8 ℃, boiling point 140.99, 41.65 (1330Pa ), relative density 0.9930, refractive index 1.3869. Ka = 1.34 x 10-5. Miscible with water. Soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Chemical properties of active, acidic, can be generated salt, esterification, reduction and other reactions. |
| Use | propionic acid is widely used in the food industry for the production of calcium propionate, sodium propionate and other preservatives, it can also be used for the production of propionate flavor. used as organic reagents, esterifying agents and plasticizers, also used in the preparation of food spices preservatives; Fungicides; Spices. A viscous substance inhibitor for beer and the like. as a feed fungicide. Dosage: 0.15%-0.25%. propionic acid is an important chemical raw material, is the fungicide metalaxyl, benzalene, herbicide dimefter, quetiapine, haizole, piroxobin, thiazolium, flupirheeling, it is also an intermediate of medicine and can be used as a preservative in food industry and a preservative for green feed. propionic acid is an important fine chemical and an intermediate of many other fine chemicals. It is mainly used as food and feed additives, followed by home Medicine, Medicine, spices and so on. In grain and feed additives, the application effect of propionic acid is remarkable, and the consumption is increasing rapidly. (1) food additives. Calcium propionate and sodium propionate can prevent food spoilage caused by the action of microorganisms, prolong food storage time, effective for the preservation of bread and cakes. (2) grain preservative. Propionic acid has been successfully used in the prevention of mildew and caking of cereals, which provides a new method for the long-term storage and preservation of cereals. (3) beverage preservation agent. It is proved that propionic acid, sodium propionate and calcium propionate are all good feed preservatives, which are mostly used to preserve feed for pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry, among which calcium propionate has the best effect. Zinc propionate and cadmium propionate in propionic acid salt are the catalyst for producing terephthalate polyester; There are many varieties of propionate esters, with their respective uses, which can be used as solvents, fragrances, pharmaceutical intermediates, cosmetic additives, resin modifiers, cigarette filter plasticizers, gas oil antiknock agents, antibacterial agents and so on. Propionic acid derivatives of the intermediate 2-chloropropionic acid, lactic acid, 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid, 2-bromopropionic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid, propionitrile, propionyl chloride, respectively, for many drugs, pesticides, production of spices and other products. for the preparation of flavor propionate, and used as nitrocellulose solvent and plasticizer, etc. Food preservative intermediates; For esterification reaction; For the modification of alkyd resin; for the production of synthetic lubricants and hydraulic fluids. determination of aromatic diamines, gas chromatography analysis standard. Insect cell culture grade is used to inhibit the growth of mold in insect cell culture. |
| content analysis | a sample of 3G (to the nearest 0.1mg) was placed in a ml flask, 50ml of water was added and mixed. Several drops of phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167) were added and titrated with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide until the initial reddish color appeared and remained above 30s. Each ml of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 74.08mg of propionic acid (C3H6O2). |
| toxicity | ADI is not restrictive (FAO/WHO,2001). LD50 5.6g/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1081,2000). |
| usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984): processed cheese 3000mg/kg. EEC(1990): baked and dairy products, pizza, pudding, cheese, etc., 300mg/kg (calculated as wheat flour). Japan (1997,g/kg): cheese 3; Bread, cake 2.5; Spices GMP. GB 2760 a 96: grain 1.8 g/kg. |
| production method | propionic acid is present in fermented or spoilage milk products, molasses, starch, and the like. In the early stage, propionic acid was mainly derived from some by-products, such as paraffin nitration, sugar or starch fermentation, Wood retorting, light hydrocarbon oxidation to acetic acid and other processes, which produced a small amount of propionic acid. At present, the main methods of industrial production of propionic acid are propionaldehyde oxidation, ethanol carboxylation, light hydrocarbon oxidation to acetic acid as by-product recovery. Propionaldehyde is easily oxidized to propionic acid by air or other oxidants. The oxidation process can be carried out using salts such as cobalt, manganese and copper as a catalyst, or without a catalyst at atmospheric or slightly increased pressure. The yield of this method can reach more than 95%, and more than 90% of the propionic acid production in the United States is produced by this method. The oxidation of light hydrocarbons is one of the main processes for the production of acetic acid. 25t formic acid and 10T propionic acid can be produced per 100T acetic acid. 3. The method of ethanol carboxylation is based on ethanol, carbon monoxide and water as raw materials, under high temperature and high pressure catalytic carboxylation to obtain propionic acid. DuPont Company of the United States uses this method to build a production plant with an annual output of 5000t. The process conditions of this method are harsh, the requirements of equipment material are high, and the development is limited. Direct oxidation of low carbon hydrocarbons to produce acetic acid by oxidation of low carbon hydrocarbons as raw materials can produce formic acid and propionic acid, which can be obtained after separation. Propionic acid was synthesized by the one-step reaction of ethylene with carbon monoxide and water using Reppe as catalyst. The reaction conditions were 250-320 °c and 10-30MPa. Propionitrile by hydrolysis of propionitrile in concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the system. Acrylic acid method from the hydrogenation of acrylic acid reduction. The preparation method is based on ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw materials, in the presence of cobalt naphthenate and other catalysts, at 100~200 ℃, under the condition of 20~30 MPa, propionaldehyde is formed by reaction in polar solvent, which is further oxidized by air or oxygen. The catalyst is cobalt naphthenate, manganese naphthenate, copper acetate, etc., and the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, propionic acid was prepared by atmospheric pressure oxidation reaction, and the conversion rate of propionaldehyde was 95% ~ 98%. Reaction equation: CH2 = CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CHO2CH3CH2CHO + O2 → 2CH3CH2COOH this method is the main method for producing propionic acid abroad. (1) propionaldehyde oxidation. Propionaldehyde can be oxidized to propionic acid by air under the catalysis of cobalt, copper or manganese salts. The yield was more than 95%. (2) the oxidation of light hydrocarbons. Light sodium oxidation is one of the main methods to produce acetic acid, and also produce formic acid and propionic acid. (3) ethanol carboxylation method. Propionic acid was obtained from ethanol, CO and water as raw materials under high temperature and high pressure. results from the reaction of ethanol with carbon monoxide catalyzed by boron difluoride. By carbon monoxide and acetylene, water vapor at high temperature, high pressure, iron or nickel as a catalyst for the reaction. Derived from the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The waste liquor from wood pulp was purified by fermentation with Propionibacterium sp. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 2600 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 495 mg severe; Eye-rabbit 990 μg severe |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The package is complete, light and light unloading; The warehouse is ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and oxidant, separate storage of alkali |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 10 PPM (30 mg/m3); Tel 15 PPM (45 mg/m3) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 955 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:11
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View History
Raw Materials for Propionic acid
Downstream Products for Propionic acid
3-Chloropropionic acid
Ethyl 2-chloropropionate
Methyl propionate
Propiophenone
Metalaxyl
Diclofop-methyl
Ethyl 2-chloropropionate
Methyl propionate
Propiophenone
Metalaxyl
Diclofop-methyl