Molecular Formula | Sn |
Molar Mass | 118.71 |
Density | 7.310 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
Melting Point | 231.9 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 2270 °C (lit.) |
Flash Point | 2270°C |
Water Solubility | reacts slowly with cold dilute HCl, dilute HNO3, hot dilute H2SO4; readily with conc HCl, aqua regia [MER06] |
Solubility | H2O: soluble |
Vapor Presure | 1Pa at 1223.85℃ |
Appearance | wire |
Specific Gravity | 7.31 |
Color | Silvery-gray |
Exposure Limit | ACGIH: Ceiling 2 ppmOSHA: Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 50 ppm; Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3) |
Merck | 13,9523 |
Storage Condition | no restrictions. |
Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable as a powder. Can, in powder form, lead to dust explosions. Moisture sensitive. |
MDL | MFCD00133862 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Silvery white lustrous soft metal (tetragonal and cubic), with ductility. Melting point 231.88 °c. Boiling point 2260 °c. The relative density was 7.28. Soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, aqua regia, concentrated nitric acid, hot caustic solution, slowly soluble in cold dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and hot dilute sulfuric acid, cold caustic solution, in acetic acid dissolved more slowly. It is stable in air, but the tin powder is more easily oxidized, especially in humid air. |
Use | Mainly used in the manufacture of electrical carbon products, friction materials, oil bearing and powder metallurgy structural materials |
Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R11 - Highly Flammable R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R34 - Causes burns R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S22 - Do not breathe dust. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) |
UN IDs | UN 3264 8/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | XP7320000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 80070080 |
Hazard Class | 4.1 |
Packing Group | III |
powder. Relative density 7. 31; Melting point 231. 89 ℃; Boiling point 2507 ℃. Insoluble in water, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid. Tin can react with both strong acids and strong bases. A protective layer of tin dioxide may be formed in air. Hot sulfuric acid can dissolve tin in the presence of an oxidizing agent. At high temperature, the strong effect of nitric acid on the corrosion of tin. Does not interact with dilute solutions of ammonium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The powder can burn when exposed to high temperature and open flame.
tin tetrachloride is used as a raw material, after distillation and purification, it is hydrolyzed into tin hydroxide, and then hydrogen is introduced for reduction to obtain a high purity tin product.
high-purity tin is mainly used as a compound semiconductor doping element, a high-purity alloy, a superconducting solder, and the like.
It has a stimulating effect on eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Ingestion can cause symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, long-term inhalation of tin dust, can cause benign lung tin deposition disease. Should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, light-protected warehouse, not with strong acids, strong alkalis and flammable materials storage mix. In the transport process to prevent rain, sun exposure. When loading and unloading, it should be handled with care to prevent the rupture of the packaging bottle.
resistivity | 11 ++-cm, 20°C |
crystal Structure | Cubic, Alpha-Tin; Diamond Structure - Space Group Fd3m |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Introduction | tin is one of the earliest metals used by human beings and one of the most widely used metals in industry, with soft texture, low melting point, strong ductility, strong plasticity and non-toxic and other excellent characteristics, mainly used in the manufacture of solder, tin plate, alloy, chemical products. It is widely used in electronics, information, electrical, chemical, metallurgy, building materials, machinery, food packaging, atomic energy and aerospace industry. |
recovery method | Recovery of refined tin from tin foil Ash, add 30 tons of tin foil ash containing Sn 35% into 3 tons of water, stir the pelletized pellet in a disc granulator, and then send it into a rotary kiln with a length of 20m and a diameter of 1.8m, the inclination angle is 2~3 °, the rotating speed is 1 r/min, the rotary kiln is heated and sintered with natural gas at a temperature of 500 ℃, and moisture and combustible are removed to obtain 28.5 tons of sintered pellet raw material and 1.5 tons of soot; take 10 tons of raw material of tin foil ash pellet after sintering, add 0.8 tons of pulverized coal, 0.3 tons of quartz sand and 0.3 tons of limestone, add the reduction smelting in the mining and heating electric furnace, and the bed size of the furnace is 25mm, 250mm thick Coke layer, the electrode is inserted 150mm away from the Coke layer, the temperature reaches 900 ℃ for smelting, three times feeding, the first time to feed 4 tons, 3 hours after the second feeding 3 tons, after another 1.5 hours, 3 tons are added for three times, tin is placed for the first time after 8 hours of smelting, tin is placed every 4 hours thereafter, and slag is discharged once before sintering, crude tin alloy with Sn 11.4 and Pb 45% was obtained from 46% tons of raw materials and auxiliary materials after reduction melting in the ore-heating electric furnace 8. 55 tons and 2.28 tons of slag containing 2% Sn and 20% tons of soot containing 0.57 Sn; The sintered soot and the reduced smelting soot are collected, stored and treated separately; take 10 tons of crude tin alloy smelted in the electric furnace, raise the temperature of the tin solution to 250 ℃ after melting in the tin melting pot and stir, enter the vacuum furnace for Fractional melting, at vacuum degree of-10Pa, voltage of 30V, current 3900A, temperature at 1350 ℃,5 hours after continuous fractionation, temperature and amplitude modulation current 300A/h, vacuum fractionation temperature of 1525 ℃, after vacuum fractionation treatment, 97.5% tons of Sn-based alloy with Sn 4.9, 92.5% Pb and Sb, and 4.0% tons of Pb-Sb alloy with the remaining impurities are obtained; the tin-based alloy obtained by vacuum furnace fractional distillation melting was melted and cast into anode plate, and the cathode plate was made of refined tin for electrolytic refining. Composition of anode plate: Sn 97.5%, Pb 0.6%, Bi 0.8%, As Sb 0.3%, Fe 0.6%; Electrolytic refining process conditions are As follows: electrolytic cathode anode for 4 days and 8 days; Electrolytic final refined tin products: refined tin contains 99.95% Sn, which is Grade I of the national standard; Sn 65% and Sb 5% of anode mud are returned to the roasting and smelting mechanism at the rotary kiln. |
Application | material for electronic industry, used as high purity reagent. reagents for the determination of arsenic and phosphate, also used in organic synthesis mainly used in the manufacture of electrical carbon products, friction materials, oil-bearing and P/M structural materials for the determination of phosphate and organic synthesis, also used as reducing agent calibration instruments and devices; Evaluation methods; Working standards; quality assurance/quality control; Other |
production method | tin tetrachloride is used as raw material, after distillation and purification, it is hydrolyzed into tin hydroxide, and then reduced by human hydrogen, high-purity tin finished product was obtained. Sn(OH)2 H2 → Sn 2H2O |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |