acetic acid
Acetic acid
CAS: 64-19-7
Molecular Formula: C2H4O2
acetic acid - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Acetic acid |
| Synonyms | GAA Acetic acid Ethanoic acid WIJS CHLORIDE WIJS SOLUTION WIJS' SOLUTION Natural Acetic Acid Acetic Acid Glacial Glacial acetic acid Acetic Acid, Glacial Acetic Acid Glacial BP Natural Acetic Acid |
| CAS | 64-19-7 |
| EINECS | 200-580-7 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) |
acetic acid - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H4O2 |
| Molar Mass | 60.05 |
| Density | 1.049 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 16.2°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 117-118 °C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 104°F |
| JECFA Number | 81 |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| Solubility | alcohol: miscible(lit.) |
| Vapor Presure | 11.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.07 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Solution |
| Specific Gravity | 1.0492 (20℃) |
| Color | colorless |
| Odor | Strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor detectable at 0.2 to 1.0 ppm |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 10 ppm ～25 mg/m3) (ACGIH,OSHA, and MSHA); TLV-STEL 15 ppm(37.5 mg/m3) (ACGIH). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05', , 'λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.02', , 'λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.01', , 'λ: 50 |
| Merck | 14,55 |
| BRN | 506007 |
| pKa | 4.74(at 25℃) |
| PH | 3.91(1 mM solution);3.39(10 mM solution);2.88(100 mM solution); |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Explosive Limit | 4-19.9%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.371(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless transparent liquid, irritating odor. melting point 16.635 ℃ boiling point 117.9 ℃ relative density 1.0492 refractive index 1.3716 flash point 57 ℃ solubility in water, ethanol, benzene and ether miscible, insoluble in carbon disulfide. |
| Use | Mainly used for the preparation of acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate, acetic acid esters, metal acetate, chloroacetic acid, cellulose acetate, used in the production of ethyl acetate, edible spices, wine spices used as analytical reagents, solvents and lotion |
acetic acid - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R34 - Causes burns R42 - May cause sensitization by inhalation R35 - Causes severe burns R10 - Flammable R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| UN IDs | UN 1792 8/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | NN1650000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 1-8-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29152100 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats (g/kg): 3.53 orally (Smyth) |
acetic acid - Upstream Downstream Industry
acetic acid - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
A colorless transparent liquid solidifies as ice-like crystals at low temperature. Irritating odor. With water, ethanol, ethyl ether and carbon tetrachloride and other organic solvents miscible, insoluble in carbon disulfide. Flammable, corrosive, strong irritation, can cause human burns. Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, in the case of open flame, high heat energy caused by combustion explosion. Contact with chromic acid, sodium peroxide, nitric acid or other oxidizing agents, there is a risk of explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
acetic acid - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
potassium permanganate was added to industrial acetic acid and dissolved. The acetic acid was distilled off in a distillation column. Appropriate amount of chromic anhydride was added to dissolve, and the semen of the upper layer was distilled. Take the middle fraction is glacial acetic acid.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:25:15
acetic acid - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains c2H4 O2 not less than 99.0% (g/g).
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
acetic acid - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is a colorless clear liquid or colorless crystal block; There is a strong special odor.
- This product can be mixed with water, ethanol, glycerin or most of the volatile oil and fatty oil.
freezing point
The freezing point of this product (General 0613) is not less than 14.8°C.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:06
acetic acid - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Common analytical reagents. General solvents and non-aqueous titration solvents. For the manufacture of acetate, cellulose acetate, pharmaceuticals, pigments, esters, plastics, spices and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:25:15
acetic acid - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take lmL of this product, add water lm l, neutralize with sodium hydroxide test solution, add ferric chloride test solution, that is, deep red; Boil, that is, generate red-brown precipitate; Add hydrochloric acid, that is, dissolve into yellow solution.
- take a small amount of this product, add sulfuric acid and a small amount of ethanol, heating, the occurrence of ethyl acetate aroma.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:07
acetic acid - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50:3530mg/kg; Rabbit percutaneous LDso: 1060mg/kg; Mouse Inhalation thLC50:13791mg/m3. Corrosive. Inhalation of this product vapor on the nose, throat and respiratory tract irritation. It has a strong stimulating effect on the eyes. Protection, flowing water rinse. Mixed loading and transportation with oxidant, alkali and edible chemicals are strictly prohibited. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from the oxidant, alkali.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:25:16
acetic acid - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
chloride
take 10ml of this product and add 20ml of water. Inspection according to law (General rule 0801), compared with the standard sodium chloride solution 4.0 ML made of the control solution, not deeper (0. 0004%).
sulfate
take 20ml of this product, add 1% anhydrous sodium carbonate solution lm l, put the water bath to dry, check according to law (General rule 0802), and standard potassium sulfate solution 1. Compared with the control solution made of 0M l, it should not be deeper (0.0005%).
formic acid and easy chloride
take 5ml of this product, add 10ml of water to dilute, Take 5 m l, add potassium dichromate titration solution (0.016 67mol/L)2. 5 m l and sulfuric acid 6 m l, place for 1 min, then add water 20ml, cool to 15°C, add potassium iodide test solution lm l, should be dark yellow or brown.
acetaldehyde
take 1.8ml of this product, weigh it accurately, put it in a 10ml measuring flask, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it well, take 2. 5ml, add 3. 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 2.5M l, immediately sealed, shake, as a test solution; Another appropriate amount of acetaldehyde reference, precision weighing, with 1 .6 m d /L sodium acetate solution was diluted to make about O .O lm g solution, precision take 5 m l, top empty bottle, sealed, as a reference solution. According to the determination method of residual solvent (General rule 08 6 1 second method), the capillary column with polyethylene glycol polysiloxane as stationary liquid is used as the column: The column temperature is 35 ° C. For 5 minutes, heating to 120°C at a rate of 3 per minute (TC for 2 minutes; Inlet temperature 2 0 0°C; Detector temperature 2 5 0°C; Head space equilibrium temperature 80°C, equilibration time was 30 min. The test solution and the reference solution are injected into the headspace respectively, and the chromatogram is recorded. The peak area is calculated according to the external standard method, and the acetaldehyde content shall not exceed 0. 01%.
potassium permanganate reducing substance
take 2ml of this product, add 10ml of water and 0. 10ml of potassium permanganate titration solution (0. 02mol/L), shake, place for 30 minutes, and the pink color should not disappear completely.
Non-volatile
Take 20ml of this product, put it in an evaporation dish with a constant weight of 105 ° C., evaporate it on a water bath and dry it to a constant weight at 105 ° C., and the remaining residue should not pass 1 LG.
moisture
take this product, according to the moisture determination method (General 0832 first method), the water content shall not exceed 20%.
Iron Salt
take 2ml of this product, put it on a water bath to dry, add 15ml of water, dissolve at a slight temperature, add an appropriate amount of water to make 25ml, check according to law (General rule 0807), and standard iron solution 1. Compared with the control solution made of 0M l, it should not be deeper (0.0005%).
Heavy metals
take 1 0ml of this product, put it on a water bath to dry, add 2ml of acetate buffer (ph3.5) and 15ml of water, dissolve it at a slight temperature, add an appropriate amount of water to make it 25ml, inspection according to law (General Principles 0821, law I), containing heavy metals shall not exceed 2 parts per million.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:07
acetic acid - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take about 2 m l of this product, place it in a plug Erlenmeyer flask, weigh it accurately, add 40ml of fresh boiling water and 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use sodium hydroxide titration solution (lm d /L) titration. Each lm l sodium hydroxide titration solution (lm o l/L) corresponds to 60.05 mg of C2 H4 O2.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:08
acetic acid - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, p H value regulator and solvent.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:08
acetic acid - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:08
acetic acid - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2006 | ACETIC ACID |
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 2.4 (1.0M solution) |
| olfactory Threshold | 0.006ppm |
| Henry's Law Constant | 133, 122, 6.88, and 1.27 at pH values of 2.13, 3.52, 5.68, and 7.14, respectively (25 °C, Hakuta etal., 1977) |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | acetic acid is commonly known as acetic acid (AcOH), which is named because it is the main component of vinegar, as one of the most important fatty acids. In nature, it is generally found in many plants in free or ester form. Formula CH3COOH. Vinegar has been brewed and used for thousands of years. There is a record of vinegar in ancient China. However, concentrated acetic acid was successfully developed by Stahl in 1700. Pure acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a stimulating taste. Melting point 16.6 ℃, boiling point 117.9 ℃, relative density 1. 049 (20/4 ℃). Soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol, ethyl ether and carbon tetrachloride; Insoluble in carbon disulfide. Anhydrous acetic acid solidifies into ice-like at low temperature, commonly known as glacial acetic acid. Corrosive. It is a weak organic acid, which has the ability of acid, and can be esterified with alcohol. |
| harmful effects and symptoms | acetic acid (AcOH) is corrosive and irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract, esophagus, stomach, ingestion can cause Vomit, Diarrhea, circulatory system paralysis, and even acidosis, uremia and hematuria, eventually leading to death. Acetic acid is soluble in lipids, so it can be absorbed through the skin, and the penetration of the cells is almost completely absorbed by the human body. Therefore, the damage of acetic acid to the eye mucosa and teeth can be clearly seen. The vapor can irritate eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Inhalation of concentrated vapor can cause severe damage to the nasal, throat and lung membranes. Exposure to concentrated acetic acid can cause serious damage to the skin and eyes, and even cause blindness. Repeated or prolonged exposure to acetic acid irritates the skin, causes darkening, corrodes anterior teeth, and may cause chronic inflammation of the nose, throat, and bronchi. acute overexposure can cause bronchopneumonia and pulmonary edema. Chronic exposure can cause pharyngitis and catarrhal bronchitis. Although intake in industrial production is unlikely, but if taken by mistake, may cause esophageal perforation, hematemesis, Diarrhea, Shock, hemolysis and uremia, if not treated in time, will lead to death. |
| Protection Measure | when engaged in the production or use of glacial acetic acid, wear protective clothing, gloves and protective glasses. Eye irrigators and safety signal indicators should be provided for sites that may be exposed. Contact with a liquid containing> 50% acetic acid, repeated or prolonged exposure to a liquid containing 10 to 49% acetic acid should wear work clothes and protective glasses to prevent contact with the eyes and skin. If the worker's skin is wet or contaminated, it should be washed with soap and water immediately. If the work clothes are wet or contaminated, they should be taken off immediately. Where a liquid containing> 5% acetic acid is used, an emergency eye wash should be prepared. |
| storage | glass bottle, tartan, polyethylene bottle or polyethylene-lined metal drum, keep dry, the storage temperature should be kept above freezing. Avoid rupture of large bottles, tartan or glass containers. The glacial acetic acid container is protected from mechanical damage. It is best to store it in the attached warehouse. Separate from the oxidant and avoid storage near the combustible. |
| fire extinguishing measures | in the production or use of glacial acetic acid, in case of fire, use water mist, anti-soluble foam or CO2 extinguishing. The vessel exposed to the fire was kept cool with water. If a leak or spill has not been ignited, disperse its vapour with mist and protect the person from the leak. The extravasation may be flushed out of the fire site with water mist and diluted into a non-flammable mixture. |
| content analysis | with diameter of 20mm, weighing the sample of 0.8~1.0g (weighing standard to 0.0002g) in the weighing bottle with a height of 25mm, put it into the 300ml grinding mouth triangle bottle together with the weighing bottle. The triangle bottle is pre-filled with 80ml of New boiling and cooling water. Shake the weighed bottle cap, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution (TS-167), and titrate with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to the light pink end point, and maintain 30s. Acetic acid (%) = c? V × 0.06005/G × 100-60.05/46 × x where c-concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, mol/L;V-volume of sodium hydroxide solution consumed during titration, ml;G-sample mass, g; Millimolar mass of 0.06005-one acetic acid, g; Molecular weight of 60.05-one acetic acid; Molecular weight of 46-formic acid; x-formic acid content (see quality index analysis below),%. In addition, according to the Japanese (1992) analysis method for the content of (diluted) acetic acid: accurately weigh about 3g of sample, add water 15 ml, and titrate with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, 2 drops of phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167) were added. 1mol/L per mL. Sodium hydroxide equivalent to acetic acid (C2H4O2)60.05mg. |
| toxicity | ADI is not restrictive (FAO/WHO,2001). LD50 4.96g/kg (mouse, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1005,2000). |
| usage limit | GB 2760-96: compound seasoning, canned food, vinegar, cheese, jelly, GMP Limited. Also allowed for the use of edible spices. FAO/WHO(1984): tomato, asparagus, baby food, canned sardines, mackerel, bighead, cucumber, meat soup, cold drinks, casein, caseinate, etc. according to GMP; processed cheese 40mg/kg; Edible fungi or fungal products according to GMP, but acid stains fungi 20g/kg. FEMA(mg/h): Soft drink 39; Cold drink 32; Candy 52; Baked goods 38; Pudding 15; Gum 60; Condiment 5900. FDA(§ 184.1005,2000): baked products 0.25%; Cheese and dairy products 0.8%; Gum, fat, 0.5%; Flavorings, 9.0%; White wine, sauce, 0.3%; Meat products, 0.6%, other foods, 0.15%. |
| Application | is mainly used for the preparation of acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate, acetate esters, metal acetate, chloroacetic acid, cellulose acetate, etc, also used as solvent for the synthesis of vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, acetate, metal acetate and halogenated acetic acid, also Pharmaceutical, dyes, important raw materials for pesticides and organic synthesis commonly used as analytical reagents, General solvents and non-aqueous titration solvents and chromatographic analysis reagents, also used in organic synthesis used as analytical reagents, solvent and dip lotion as a sour agent, can be used for compound seasoning, preparation of vinegar, canned food, jelly and cheese, according to the production needs of appropriate use. It can also be used as a flavoring agent for Koji wine, and the dosage is 0.1~0.3g/kg. acetic acid is a commodity chemical product and one of the most important organic acids. Mainly used in the production of vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, acetate and cellulose acetate. Polyvinyl acetate can be made into film and adhesive, and is also the raw material of synthetic fiber vinylon. Cellulose acetate can be used to make rayon and film. Acetates formed from lower alcohols are excellent solvents and are widely used in the paint industry. Acetic acid is a good solvent for the oxidation reaction (e. G. For the oxidation of para-xylene to produce terephthalic acid). Acetic acid is an important raw material for organic synthesis industry, used in the synthesis of acetic anhydride, malonic acid Diethyl ester, ethyl acetoacetate, halogenated acetic acid, etc., can also manufacture drugs such as aspirin, pesticide 2,4-drop, etc. Also used in the production of acetate, such as manganese, sodium, lead, aluminum, zinc, cobalt and other metal salts, widely used as catalysts, textile dyeing and leather tanning industry additives. For example, aluminum acetate is a mordant, a disinfectant used in medicine and a salve agent; Lead acetate is a white paint; Lead tetraacetate is an organic synthesis reagent. 1, 2-diol can be oxidized to aldehydes or ketones; Sodium acetate, potassium acetate are commonly used buffers in biochemistry. In the food industry, acetic acid is used as an acidulant, flavoring agent, and flavor. In the manufacture of synthetic vinegar, Acetic acid is diluted to 4-5 concentration with water, and various flavoring agents are added. The flavor is similar to that of alcohol, and the manufacturing time is short and the price is cheap. Acetic acid is corrosive. Irritation to the skin, pain, blisters. It belongs to grade II organic acid corrosion article. used in chemical synthesis; Ethyl acetate, chloroacetic acid mainly used in the preparation of acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate, acetate esters, metal acetate, chloroacetic acid, cellulose acetate, used in the production of ethyl acetate, edible spices, wine flavor used as analytical reagents, solvents and lotions commonly used organic acids. Analysis, solvents, organic synthesis, preparation of buffers, etc. dyeing liquid catalyst, auxiliary material |
| production method | acetic acid is widely distributed in nature. In fruits or vegetable oils, for example, they are present mainly in the form of esters; In the tissues of animals, in the excretions and in the blood as free acids. Many microorganisms can convert different organic compounds to acetic acid by fermentation. Ancient China has a record of vinegar, as early as in the BC, humans have been able to wine through a variety of acetic acid bacteria oxidation fermentation vinegar, in the late 19th century, found that wood dry distillation can be obtained acetic acid. The world's first industrial plant for the production of acetic acid by the oxidation of acetaldehyde was built in Germany in 1911. A process for the production of acetic acid by the oxidation of low-carbon hydrocarbons was soon developed. In 1960, the former Federal Republic of Germany adopted the method of producing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol under high pressure (20MPa). Subsequently, the pressure of the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid was reduced to 0.3-3.0MPa by the use of rhodium complex catalyst (using iodide as co-catalyst) in the United States, in 1970, an industrial unit for the low-pressure carbonylation of methanol with a capacity of 135kt acetic acid was built. Due to the advanced technology and economy of this method, the low-pressure carbonylation of methanol has been widely used in the newly-built factories since the mid-70s. In 1984, the world's annual production capacity of acetic acid has reached 6Mt, of which the low pressure carbonylation process accounts for about 40%. 1. The fermentation method uses the light liquor (containing 3-6% ethanol) obtained by starch fermentation, and the fermentation is carried out at about 35 ° C under the action of the vinegar mother's bacteria. The light liquor is oxidized into vinegar by air. In addition to 3-6% acetic acid, vinegar also contains other organic acids, esters and proteins. Fermentation is mainly used to make vinegar. 2. Synthesis it is the main method of industrial production of acetic acid. (1) Acetaldehyde Oxidation. Liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde using oxygen or air as oxidant was carried out in a bubbling column reactor at 50-80 °c, 0.6-1.0MPa and manganese acetate catalyst in the presence of the catalyst (see industrial examples in this section). (2) Methanol Low pressure carbonylation method. Also known as the Montelukast method. Using a catalyst system consisting of a carbonyl compound of rhodium and an iodide, methanol and carbon monoxide are reacted in an aqueous acetic acid medium at about 175 ° C. And less than 3.0MPa to form acetic acid. Due to the high activity and selectivity of the catalyst, there are few side reactions. The reaction product is treated successively by the component column and the dehydration column. The separated and water-containing acetic acid can be recycled back to the reactor, and the gas leaving the reactor is first washed with cold methanol, the methyl iodide (intermediate product) is recovered and then sent to the carbon monoxide recovery unit. The crude product was purified by distillation to obtain the finished acetic acid. With methanol juice, the yield was> 99%. Low-pressure carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid has the advantages of cheap raw materials, mild operating conditions, high yield of acetic acid, good product quality and simple process. At present, the most technically and economically advanced method in acetic acid production. But the reaction medium has serious corrosion, the need to use expensive special steel. (3) Methanol high pressure carbonyl synthesis of methanol and carbon monoxide in acetic acid aqueous solution reaction, carbonyl cobalt as catalyst, methyl iodide as cocatalyst, reaction conditions at 250 ℃ and 70MPa. After the product of the reaction is separated by the separation system, the finished product can be obtained. Based on methanol, the yield can reach 90%. (4) low carbon alkane liquid phase oxidation method. N-butane is commonly used as a raw material, The liquid phase oxidation was carried out with acetic acid as solvent, at 170-180 ℃,5.5MPa and cobalt acetate as catalyst, using air as oxidant. Liquefied petroleum gas or light oil may also be used as a feedstock. The raw materials used in this group are relatively cheap, but the process flow is long, the corrosion is serious, and the yield of acetic acid is not high, so it is only used in the area with cheap butane or liquefied petroleum gas supply. Celance, USA, for example, was oxidized with butane in 76% yield with 6% by-product formic acid. Such as the refinery 30-100 ℃ light oil as raw material, oxidation temperature 165-167 ℃, pressure 3.92-4.90MPa, the amount of cobalt naphthenate catalyst is about 0.1 of the oil intake. The mixed acid prepared by liquid phase oxidation of air is separated by six columns to obtain acetic acid, and its yield is about 40% of that of light oil. For each 1t of acetic acid produced, by-products propionic acid 0.1t, succinic acid 0.02t, formic acid 0.12t, neutral acid 0.4t, about 2.4t of light oil consumed and 0.2 of catalyst were obtained. Industrial example of acetic acid production by oxidation of acetaldehyde: acetaldehyde and manganese acetate are fed into an oxidation tower from the bottom of the tower, oxygen is fed in sections, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-75 °c, and the gas phase pressure at the top of the tower is maintained at 9.81 × 104Pa, an appropriate amount of nitrogen was passed to the top of the column to prevent explosion in the gas phase. Continuous discharge. The freezing point of the crude acetic acid formed by the reaction should be between 8.5-9 ℃, and it flows into the concentration and refining process. The tail gas is cooled at low temperature, and the condensate is refluxed to the oxidation Tower, and the gas is vented. The crude acetic acid enters into the concentrated column continuously, and the temperature at the top of the column is controlled at 95-103 ℃, The dilute acetic acid condensed by the condenser is recovered in the dilute acid recovery column, and the gas that cannot be condensed enters the low temperature condensation to dilute acetaldehyde for recovery and use. The crude acetic acid with a low boiling point was removed and continuously added to an acetic acid evaporator, and the temperature at the top of the column was maintained at about 120 ° C., and the distilled acetic acid was the finished product. The high boiling point material and the catalyst at the bottom of the column can be burned to remove the organic matter and recover the catalyst. Food Acidulants with acetic acid according to GB1903-80, the content of more than 98.0%, impurities should meet the requirements. Purification method of reagent acetic acid: add potassium permanganate powder (1-2% of the weight of acetic acid) to industrial grade acetic acid, and fully stir to dissolve. The amount of potassium permanganate should be maintained within 1H. Finally, the insoluble part in the lower part was removed. The acetic acid was distilled off in a distillation column and an appropriate amount of powdered chromic anhydride was added to the freshly distilled acetic acid. This was dissolved, and the supernatant was separated and subjected to distillation. Take the middle fraction is the finished product. In addition to acetic anhydride, azeotropic distillation dehydration can be carried out by using an azeotropic mixture of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, benzene, diisopropyl ether and the like with water. 1. Acetaldehyde Oxidation Method acetaldehyde and manganese acetate are added into the oxidation tower from the bottom of the tower, and oxygen is introduced in sections. The reaction temperature is controlled at 70~75 ℃, and the gas phase pressure at the top of the tower is maintained at 0.098MPA, an appropriate amount of nitrogen is provided at the top of the column to prevent explosion in the gas phase. The freezing point of the crude acetic acid formed by the reaction should be between 8.5 and 9.0, and the continuous discharge into the refining section. The tail gas is cooled at low temperature, the condensate is refluxed to the oxidation Tower, and the gas is vented. The crude acetic acid is continuously fed into the concentrated Tower, the temperature at the top of the tower is controlled at 95~103 ℃, and the dilute acetic acid condensed by the condenser is recovered in the dilute acid recovery Tower, the non-condensable gas enters the low-temperature condenser for condensation to dilute acetaldehyde for recycling. Remove the low boiling point of crude acetic acid and continuously add acetic acid evaporation pot, the top temperature is maintained at about 120 ℃, The distilled acetic acid is the finished product. 2 Methanol Low-pressure carbonylation method (method of glenoid) with carbonyl compounds of rhodium and iodide as catalyst, methanol and carbon monoxide are reacted in a water-acetic acid medium at about 175 ° C. And less than 3.0MPa to form acetic acid. The reaction product is then passed through a delightening column and a dehydrating column, and the separated light component and aqueous acetic acid are returned to the reaction system. The crude product obtained is purified by distillation to obtain the finished acetic acid. The reaction tail gas is first washed with cold methanol to recover the methyl iodide (intermediate product), and then sent to the carbon monoxide recovery unit. 3 the liquid phase oxidation of low carbon alkanes is often carried out by using butane as raw material, acetic acid as solvent, cobalt acetate as catalyst and air as oxidant at 170~180 ℃ and 5.5MPa. Light oil at 30 to 100 ° C. May also be used as the raw material. The resulting mixed acid was separated through 6 columns to obtain acetic acid. |
| category | corrosive article |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 3310 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbits 20 mg/24 h moderate; eye-rabbit 5 mg/30 s mild |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive properties when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high heat, oxidant flammable; heat decomposition releases stimulus smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from H porogen, oxidant and alkali. |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3; Tel 20 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 426°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 50 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:52
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View History
Raw Materials for acetic acid
Downstream Products for acetic acid