| Synonyms | Coix Seed Coix seed extract Semen Coiois Extract The coix seed extract Ma-yren Jobstears Seed Extract Coix seed oil Reference Extract Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf. P.E |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| plant extract | Coix seed extract is Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) stapf. Dry mature seed kernel extract, mainly containing protein, fatty acid, sugar, a small amount of vitamin B1, leucine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, coix, coix Ester, coix lactone, alpha-beta-sitosterol, triterpene compounds. With water and dampness, heat and pus, spleen and diarrhea, in addition to swelling and other effects. For edema, beriberi, urine adverse, dampness, diarrhea, spleen deficiency, lung, bowel, flat warts. |
| Main ingredients | coix seed mainly contains three major nutrients and esters and other ingredients. nutrients: coix seed contains protein, fatty acids, carbohydrates, a small amount of vitamin B1; Amino acids leucine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, etc. esters and others: coix seed also contains coix, coix Ester, coix lactone, α-β-sitosterol, triterpene compounds. |
| source plant | [base source] mainly comes from the kernel of Coix lacryma-jobi L., a gramineous plant. The caryopsis is covered with hard involucre. After mature in autumn, the whole plant is cut to dry, the outer shell and yellow-brown skin are removed, and impurities are removed to collect the seed kernel. Coix seed with large grain, full, white, complete is better. [plant form] annual herb, 100-150 in height. More fibrous roots. Culms upright, clustered and branched, rooting on basal nodes. The leaf sheath was longer than internodes, encircling the stem, the leaf tongue was firm, with short hairs on the apex. Leaves alternate, leaf blade long-conical, 20-40cm long, 15-30mm wide, apex acuminate, base cordate, margin coarse. Racemes extracted from apical leaf axillae, mostly in bundles; Flowers monosexual, monoecious, male spikelet at upper end of inflorescence, arranged in imbricate, usually 2-3 spikelets in one node, sessile and male spikelet containing 2 flowers, First Flower neutral, flattened, second flower male; Sessile male spikelet similar to sessile male spikelet; Female spikelet below male flower, surrounded by Bony moniliform involucre, usually 2~3 spikelet in a node, only 1 mature. After seed maturation, the involucre is hard, containing 1 caryopsis. Flowering period: July -8 months; Fruiting period: September -10 months. [Habitat and distribution] coix seed was mainly produced in Fujian, Hebei and Liaoning, near the house, in the wild, along the river, in the stream stream or in the humid valley. Figure 1 shows coix plants and coix seed |
| pharmacological action | 1. The ethanol extract of coix seed can inhibit the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells and significantly prolong the survival time of mice, the present analysis confirmed that unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid) is the main anticancer component. 2. Inhibitory effect on central nervous system The water extract of coix seed has inhibitory effect on pain of mice (hot plate method). Intraperitoneal injection of coix has sedative, analgesic and antipyretic effects in mice. Intravenous injection of mice, rabbits have a sedative effect, can inhibit the multiple synaptic reflex. 3. Hypoglycemic, blood calcium, blood pressure rabbit subcutaneous injection of coix seed ether extract (coix seed oil), can make the blood sugar and blood calcium value decreased. The water extract of coix seed, intraperitoneal injection in mice, can significantly reduce the blood glucose concentration, from which the three active ingredients, namely coix glycan (A, B, C). These components can cause the hypoglycemic effect of normal mice and urea-induced hyperglycemic mice. Intravenous injection of coix can cause temporary drop in blood pressure in rabbits. Sedative, analgesic and antipyretic effects coix has weak central inhibitory effect. Intravenous injection of 100mg/kg can reduce the spontaneous activity of mice, and can antagonize with caffeine. After intravenous injection of 20mg/kg of the Rabbit, the cortical inhibition of high amplitude slow wave appeared in the EEG. 100mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of coix on mice (tail electrical stimulation method) and rats (radiation heat method) have analgesic effect. The aqueous extract of coix seed also has an analgesic effect on mice (hot plate method). It also has antipyretic effect, and has better antipyretic effect on T. T. G. Bacterial Fever, but has no effect on Fever caused by dinitrophenol. In addition, intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of coix had a transient inhibitory effect on the polysynaptic reflex of the feline peroneal nerve-gastrocnemius muscle specimen. 5. Enhancing immunity and anti-inflammatory effect The neutral polysaccharide Dextran 1-7 and acidic polysaccharides CA-1 and CA-2 obtained from coix seed all showed anti-complement activity. After refining, coix seed fat was extracted from unsaturated fatty acid, and the triglyceride part was given to the Woodchuck. The results showed that the IL-1 cells in the peritoneal exudate of the experimental group increased by 1.5 times compared with the control group, indicating that the humoral immunity was strengthened, macrophages produce and secrete IL-1 of the action. The extract can also significantly enhance the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy people to produce antibodies. coix seed extract can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils, and significantly inhibit the secretion of methyl converting enzyme, phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin E2 in neutrophils and lymphocytes, it shows that it has a certain anti-inflammatory effect, and one of its mechanisms is to stabilize the cell membrane of inflammatory cells. 6. The role of reducing muscle contraction coix seed oil on the frog striated muscles and motor nerve endings, low concentration was excited, high concentration was paralysis. The saturated fatty acid of coix seed oil can prevent or reduce the contraction of striated muscle, reduce muscle contracture and shorten the fatigue curve. Its point of action is not in the nerve, but in the muscle. The function of hypothalamus can be significantly improved in patients with intractable anovulation after taking the prescription with coix seed as the main drug. The extract of coix seed also induces ovulation in golden hamsters, and its ovulation-promoting active substances are feruloyl stigmasterol and feruloyl rapeseed sterol. 8. Effect on cardiovascular system coix seed oil excites frog and guinea pig isolated hearts at low concentration, inhibits at high concentration; Contracts at low concentration and dilates at high concentration on isolated rabbit ear blood vessels. Adding 15% coix seed to animal feed can improve atherosclerosis. Coixenolide can inhibit the contraction of isolated heart of toad and slow down the frequency. Coixenin also has a certain antihypertensive effect. Antibacterial effect fresh coix whole grass juice has a certain antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria bacilli. 10 tyrosinase inhibition The abnormal expression of human tyrosinase and the increase of its catalytic activity are the main causes of melasma, freckles, senile plaques and melanoma. Therefore, the main components of modern whitening cosmetics and skin medicines are mostly tyrosinase inhibitors. Coix seed extract has been shown to be able to achieve whitening by inhibiting tyrosinase. |
| medicinal properties and efficacy | [medicinal properties] sweet, light, cool. It belongs to spleen, stomach and lung Meridian. [function indications] diuresis and dampness, strengthening spleen, removing BI, clearing away heat and discharging pus. The patient was diagnosed with diarrhea, dampness arthralgia, myoclonus, unfavourable flexion and extension, edema, beriberi, pulmonary asthenia, pulmonary effusions, intestinal effusions and gonorrhea. |
| extraction method | extraction method of crude polysaccharide from coix seed: 1. Preparation of coix seed degreasing powder: The dried coix seed is crushed, passed through a 60 mesh sieve, degreased with a certain proportion of ethyl acetate, and the filter residue is dried and refrigerated for standby. 2. Water bath extraction and Suction filtration: the skim powder solution with a certain ratio of material to water is placed in a water bath at a certain temperature for constant temperature extraction, the extract is vacuum filtered, the supernatant is taken, and the filter residue is extracted again. 3. Two water bath extraction, Suction filtration method is the same as above. 4. Concentration: the two extracts were combined and concentrated in vacuo at about 55 °c. 5. Alcohol precipitation drying: the extract was concentrated to a small volume, then added 3 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution, and left to stand for 12h , 4 000 r/min centrifugation 10min to obtain precipitate, after drying, it is coix seed crude polysaccharide. The extraction method of coix seed oil in coix seed is ultrasonic method: The coix seed is weighed and crushed to a certain particle size, an appropriate amount of extraction solvent is added, and the ultrasonic apparatus is placed in the ultrasonic apparatus to oscillate for a certain period of time, take out, filter, dry with rotary evaporator filtrate and dissolve with appropriate amount of methanol, the methanol is transferred to the weighed drying bottle, the methanol liquid is naturally evaporated and weighed to calculate the oil yield. Coix seed oil yield = (coix seed oil mass/coix seed medicinal material mass) × 100%. The extraction methods of esters from coix seed mainly include water boiling, alcohol extraction and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction. Among them, the CO2 supercritical fluid extraction method has high cost, and the reflux extraction method is simple in equipment and widely used. The optimum extraction process was extracted once with 6 times the amount of acetone and extracted for 30min. |
| toxic and side effects | mice were injected intraperitoneally with mg/kg once, and only had a short-term sedative effect, no one died; Intravenous injection of 100mg/kg of its solution was not fatal, and there was no obvious abnormal performance; Oral administration of 20, and mg/kg daily for 30 days showed no toxic reaction. Coix seed oil to mice 90mg/only intraperitoneal injection, 24H no death. Mice subcutaneous injection of coix seed oil lethal dose of 5~10mg/g, rabbit intravenous injection of 1~1.5g/kg. The maximum oral tolerance dose of the Acetone Extract of coix seed (oil) to mice was 10mL/kg, which indicated that the toxicity of coix seed was very small. |