CiticolineCiticoline
MedChemExpress (MCE)
HY-B0739
987-78-0
Cytidine diphosphate-choline
CDP-Choline
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine
99.87%
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Room temperature in continental US
may vary elsewhere.
Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.
To determine the potential neuroprotective activity of Citicoline and Homotaurine, treated retinal cells are treated with increasing concentrations of Citicoline or Homotaurine for 24 hours. 1?μM, 10?μM and 100?μM of Citicoline or Homotaurine are used to investigate whether may contribute to a reduced cell viability in retinal cells. Retinal cells are well preserved in Citicoline- or Homotaurine-treated cultures, with no evidence of toxicity or significant loss of viability after treatments. 100?μM of Citicoline is not harmful to retinal neuroglial cells in vitro and 100?μM of Homotaurine is an effective concentration to enhance neuroprotection in a model of experimental glaucoma. Therefore, this concentration of Citicoline and Homotaurine is used for all subsequent experiments. To evaluate whether cotreatment with Citicoline and Homotaurine is able to induce a synergistic neuroprotective effect against glutamate excitotoxicity, retinal cell cultures are exposed to Citicoline 100?μM, Homotaurine 100?μM, and Citicoline+Homotaurine 100?μM, 24 hours before glutamate treatment. In the presence of 100?μM Citicoline, a significant increase in cell viability is observed[1].
Administration of Citicoline in a dose of 1000 mg/kg produces more pronounced increase in the threshold of clonic seizures and tonic phase of seizures with lethal outcome (by 18.54 and 50.08% respectively, in comparison with the control). The anticonvulsant effect is most pronounced after injection of Citicoline in a dose of 1000 mg/kg[2].
Mice[1] Experiments are performed on male C57Bl/6 mice (n=69) weighing 23-27 g. The study is performed in two series. In series I, the dose-dependent effect of Citicoline on the seizure threshold in mice is evaluated. The measurements are performed 1 h after Citicoline administration. Citicoline in doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg (0.04 mL per 20 g body weight) is injected intraperitoneally. The control animals receive an equivalent volume of physiological saline under similar conditions. In series II, the duration of Citicoline effect is estimated in 3 and 6 h after single intraperitoneal injection of Citicoline.
The assay used to assess cell viability in retinal cells was the MTT reduction assay. To evaluate the effect of Citicoline and Homotaurine on cell survival, the cells are subdivided into three groups and treated for 24 hours with 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM of Citicoline and with 1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM of Homotaurine. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Citicoline and Homotaurine, cells are treated with Citicoline 100 μM, Homotaurine 100 μM, or Citicoline+Homotaurine 100 μM, 24 hours before glutamate treatment and 30 min before high glucose (HG) treatment. MTT is added to wells at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for 1 hour at 37°C. After this time, the medium is removed and reduced MTT (blue formazan product) is solubilized by adding 100 μL DMSO to each well. After agitation of plates for 15 min, the optical density of the solubilized formazan product in each well is measured using an automatic microplate reader with a 570 nm test wavelength and a 690 nm reference wavelength[1].
Microbial Metabolite Human Endogenous Metabolite
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[1]. Davinelli S, et al. Cytoprotective Effects of Citicoline and Homotaurine against Glutamate and High Glucose Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultured Retinal Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017
2017:2825703. [Content Brief]
[2]. Karpova MN, et al. Increase of the seizure threshold in C57BL/6 mice after citicoline administration. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015 Jan
158(3):315-7. [Content Brief]
