2-Deoxy-D-glucose2-Deoxy-D-glucose
MedChemExpress (MCE)
HY-13966
154-17-6
2-DG
2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose
D-Arabino-2-deoxyhexose
99.93%
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Room temperature in continental US
may vary elsewhere.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, 4, 8, or 16 mM) significantly reduces the level of ATP in MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner that paralleles the effects of 2-DG on cell growth. The levels of phosphorylated Akt are significantly decreased, whereas the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and Sirt-1 are significantly increased in MCF-7 cells exposed to 2-Deoxy-D-glucose at 4, 8, or 16 mM for 1, 3, or 5 days in a dose- and time-dependent manner[1]. 2-DG treatment increases the levels of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolites and augments the generation of NADPH by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. An increase in NADPH and upregulation of glutathione synthetase expression resultes in the increase in the reduced form of glutathione by 2-DG in NB4 cells[3].
2-Deoxy-D-glucose (0.03%, w/w) causes a 7% decrease in final weight that is statistically significant, and delayes the appearance of palpable mammary carcinomas[1]. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (3 mmol/kg, i.v.) is decreased in a dose-dependent manner in rat muscle[2].
At 21 days of age, rats are injected with 50 mg 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea per kilogram of body weight (i.p.). Rats are housed two per cage in solid-bottomed polycarbonate cages equipped with a food cup. Six days following carcinogen injection, all rats are randomized into one of three groups, 30 rats per group, and are fed ad libitum AIN-93G diet containing 0.0%, 0.02%, or 0.03% (w/w) 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) for 5 weeks. Animal rooms are maintained at 22±1°C with 50% relative humidity and a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Rats are weighed thrice per week and are palpated for detection of mammary tumors twice per week starting from 19 days postcarcinogen.
The effect of 2-DG on cell growth is determined by evaluating the number of adherent cells. Briefly, MCF-7 cells are plated at 3×104 cells per well in flat-bottomed 96-well plates in 100 μL of culture medium under the culture conditions. After 24 hours, cells are fed with fresh medium including 2-Deoxy-D-glucose at doses of 0, 4, 8, or 16 mM. At days 1, 3, and 5 after 2-Deoxy-D-glucose exposure, cells are fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde, replaced with PBS, and stored at 4°C. At the end of an experiment, all of the plates are stained with 0.02% aqueous crystal violet for 30 minutes and rinsed with deionized water. After redissolving the bound crystal violet in 70% ethanol, the absorbance is determined at 590 nm using a SPECTRA MAX PLUS Microplate Spectrophotometer System.
HSV-1
| | | |
| | | | | |
[1]. Zhu Z, et al. 2-Deoxyglucose as an energy restriction mimetic agent: effects on mammary carcinogenesis and on mammary tumor cell growth in vitro. Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 1
65(15):7023-30. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ueyama A, et al. Nonradioisotope assay of glucose uptake activity in rat skeletal muscle using enzymatic measurement of 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate in vitro and in vivo. Biol Signals Recept. 2000 Sep-Oct
9(5):267-74. [Content Brief]
[3]. Miwa H, et al. Leukemia cells demonstrate a different metabolic perturbation provoked by 2-deoxyglucose. Oncol Rep. 2013 May
29(5):2053-7. [Content Brief]