(+)-Limonene
(+)-Limonene
CAS: 5989-27-5
Molecular Formula: C10H16
(+)-Limonene - Names and Identifiers
| Name | (+)-Limonene |
| Synonyms | (+)-limonen (+)-Limonene (+)-Dipentene (gamma)-Carvene (4R)-(+)-limonene (r)-(+)-p-mentha-8-diene (+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (+)-1,8-p-menthadiene,(R)-(+)-limonene (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (R)-(+)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene |
| CAS | 5989-27-5 |
| EINECS | 227-813-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1 |
(+)-Limonene - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C10H16 |
| Molar Mass | 136.23 |
| Density | 0.842g/mLat 20°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -75--73°C |
| Boling Point | 176-177°C(lit.) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | 112o (10% IN ETHANOL) |
| Flash Point | 119°F |
| JECFA Number | 1326 |
| Water Solubility | Miscible with alcohol,chloroform,ether and carbondisulfide.Immiscible with water. |
| Solubility | water: insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 4.7 (vs air) |
| Appearance | morphology neat |
| Specific Gravity | 0.842 (20/4℃) |
| Color | Colorless to Almost colorless |
| Merck | 14,5493 |
| BRN | 2204754 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Explosive Limit | 0.7-6.1%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.473(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Chemical properties colorless oily liquid. Pleasant fresh orange aroma, should be free of camphor and terpene smell. Under the influence of air and moisture, it can automatically oxidize into parsley oil terpene ketone and parsley oil terpene alcohol, which leads to deterioration. Boiling point 177 ℃, flash point 46 ℃. Miscible in ethanol and most non-volatile oils; Slightly soluble in glycerin, insoluble in water and propylene glycol. Natural products are found in more than 300 kinds of essential oils, especially citrus essential oils, such as orange oil (about 90%), lemon oil, orange oil, white lemon oil, pomelo oil, green lemon oil, neroli oil, orange leaf oil, olive balm, parsley oil (about 40%), dill oil, fennel oil, celery oil (about 60%), etc. |
| Use | Uses GB 2760-1996 provides for the permitted use of flavorants. Mainly used in the preparation of lemon, citrus and spices flavor. |
(+)-Limonene - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R10 - Flammable R38 - Irritating to the skin R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S37 - Wear suitable gloves. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 2052 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | GW6360000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2902 19 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg |
(+)-Limonene - Upstream Downstream Industry
(+)-Limonene - Uses and synthesis methods
content analysis
Gas-liquid chromatography analysis with polar columns in the GT-10. Conditions: stainless steel column length 300cm × 3cm; The column filler base material is polyethylene glycol 20M,10% weight, and the solid carrier is 10~20 mesh. Diatomite treated with hot alkali is silicified and pickled. Its average free falling density is 0.2g/cm3, and its particle size is 80~100 mesh. Carrier gas, helium flow rate 30 ml/min. Detector, thermal conductivity cell. Column temperature, 100~225 ℃,4 ℃/min. Sample injection volume, 0.2 μl. The content is then calculated by peak area.
Toxicity
GRAS(FEMA;FDA & sect;182.60,2000).
ADI does not make special regulations (FAO/WHO,1994).
LD50 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral).
use limited
FEMA(mg/kg): soft drink 31; Cold drink 68; Candy 49; Baked food 120; Pudding 48~400; Gum candy 2300.
production method
Fractionates the first product from natural essential oils (such as orange oil) containing d-taro. Add metal sodium and steam again, this is crude. It is brominated into tetrabromotaronene, and then reduced in the ethanol solution containing zinc powder to obtain a pure product.
Last Update：2024-04-24 14:21:23
(+)-Limonene - Nature
| vapor density | 4.7 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 1mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| FEMA | 2633 | D-LIMONENE |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.473(lit.) |
| flash point | 119 °F |
| storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | water: insoluble |
| morphology | neat |
| Specific gravity | 0.842 (20/4℃) |
| explosion limit value (explosive limit) | 0.7-6.1%(V) |
| optical activity (optical activity) | [α]20/D +120°, neat |
| water solubility | Miscible with alcohol,chloroform,ether and carbondisulfide.Immiscible with water. |
| Merck | 14,5493 |
| JECFA Number | 1326 |
| BRN | 2204754 |
| stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| (IARC) Carcinogen Classification | 3 (Vol. 56, 73) 1999 |
| EPA chemical information | D-Limonene (5989-27-5) |
Last Update：2024-04-24 14:22:26
(+)-Limonene - Security information
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS number | GW6360000 |
| F | 8-10-23 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 255 °C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| customs code | 2902 19 00 |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| PackingGroup | III |
| toxic substance data | 5989-27-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg |
Last Update：2024-04-24 14:25:07
(+)-Limonene - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2633 | D-LIMONENE |
| LogP | 4.38 at 25℃ |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 56, 73) 1999 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| content analysis | gas-liquid chromatography analysis was performed using a polar column in GT-10. Conditions: The length of stainless steel column is 300cm × 3cm; The base material of column packing is polyethylene glycol 20m, 10% by weight, and the solid carrier is diatomite of 10-20 mesh after being treated by hot alkali, silicified and acid washed; the average free falling product density of 0.2g/cm3, particle size 80~100 mesh; Carrier gas, helium flow 30 ml/min. Detector, thermal conductivity cell. Column temperature, 100~225 C, 4 c/min. Injection volume, 0.2 μL. The content was then calculated as peak area. |
| toxicity | GRAS(FEMA;FDA § 182.60,2000). ADI is not specified (FAO/WHO,1994). LD50 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): soft drinks 31; Cold drinks 68; Candy 49; Baked goods 120; pudding 48-400; Gum 2300. |
| Use | GB 2760-1996 specifies the permitted use of flavorants. Mainly used in the preparation of lemon, citrus and spices flavor. |
| production method | the primary product is fractionated from natural essential oils (such as orange oil) containing d-arosene. After adding metal sodium, resteam once. This is crude product. After bromination into tetrabromoiene, and then zinc powder containing ethanol in the reduction to obtain pure product. |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 255°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-24 14:30:56
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View History
Raw Materials for (+)-Limonene
Downstream Products for (+)-Limonene
2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (5R)-
(1R-TRANS) 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-2-CYCLOHEXENE-1-OL
2-(4-methylidenecyclohexyl)prop-2-en-1-ol
6,8-Nonadien-2-one, 8-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, (5S,6E)-
2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-2,4-CYCLOHEPTADIEN-1-ONE
1-METHYL-4-(2-METHYLOXIRANYL)-7-OXABICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPTANE
(1R-TRANS) 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-2-CYCLOHEXENE-1-OL
2-(4-methylidenecyclohexyl)prop-2-en-1-ol
6,8-Nonadien-2-one, 8-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, (5S,6E)-
2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-2,4-CYCLOHEPTADIEN-1-ONE
1-METHYL-4-(2-METHYLOXIRANYL)-7-OXABICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPTANE