Affirm
Abamectin
CAS: 71751-41-2;73989-17-0;65195-55-3
Molecular Formula: C49H74O14
Affirm - Names and Identifiers
Affirm - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C49H74O14 |
| Molar Mass | 887.11 |
| Density | 1.16 |
| Melting Point | 150-155°C |
| Boling Point | 717.52°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | D +55.7 ±2° (c = 0.87 in CHCl3) |
| Flash Point | 150°C |
| Water Solubility | 0.007-0.01 mg l-1 (20 °C) |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in toluene |
| Vapor Presure | -7 Pa |
| Appearance | white to yellowish white crystalline powder |
| Merck | 13,2 |
| pKa | 12.42±0.70(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.6130 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD01769550 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | The appearance is light yellow to white crystalline powder, tasteless. M. p.155 ~ 157 ℃, vapor pressure 2 × 10-7Pa, relative density 1.16(21 ℃). The solubility at 21 ℃ is 350g/L toluene, 100g/L acetone, 70g/L isopropanol, 25g/L chloroform, 20g/L ethanol, 19.5g/L methanol, 6g/L cyclohexane, 0.5g/L kerosene and 10 μg/L water. Distribution coefficient 9.9 × 103. It is stable under normal conditions and will not hydrolyze at pH 5~9. |
| Use | It has a killing effect on nematodes, insects and mites, and is used to treat nematode, mite and parasitic insect diseases of livestock and poultry. |
| In vitro study | [ 3 H]AVM B1a preferentially binds to synaptic membranes from several regions of rat brain. [ 3 H]AVM B1a specific binding to intact monolayers of granule cells increases rapidly with time of incubation and reaches equilibrium after approximately 20 min at 24°C. Higher concentrations of [ 3 H]AVM B1a leads to markedly greater nonspecific binding, 60% at 25 nM. Various AVM analogs also produce concentration-dependent inhibition of [ 3 H]AVM B1a binding in intact cerebellar neurons. AVM B1a and moxidectin are similar in potency (IC 50 values, 120 and 126 nM, respectively). AVMB1a-stimulated chloride efflux from mouse brain synaptic vesicles results from the activation of GABA-insensitive chloride channels and that this action is distinct from their previously documented effects on GABA-gated chloride channels in mouse brain preparations. |
| In vivo study | Bacteria are significantly inhibited when the AVM B1a concentration is higher than 83.3 mg/kg, while fungi are less impaired in soil. Soil respiration is also inhibited by high concentration AVM B1a, which differs with soil types. The half lethal dosage (LD 50 ) of AVM B1a to soil earthworm is estimated as 4.63 mg × cm 2 in filter paper contact test, and as 24.13 and 17.06 mg/kg, respectively after treated 7 and 14 days in artificial soil. Iin artificial soil, the LC50 of AVM B1a on earthworms are 24.1 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 and 14 days. About 80.0% and 94.8% of the accumulated AVM B1a are eliminated respectively in two groups within 1 day after they are exposed to AVM B1a-free soil, but a trace amount of AVM B1a is found for a relative long time in earthworms. |
Affirm - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R20 - Harmful by inhalation R28 - Very Toxic if swallowed R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Safety Description | S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | 2588 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | CL1203000 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(a) |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 (technical grade) orally in sesame oil in mouse, rat: 13.5, 10.0 mg/kg; dermally in rabbit: >2000 mg/kg; LD50 in mallard duck, bobwhite quail: 84.6, >2000 mg/kg; LC50 (96 hr) in rainbow trout, bluegill: 3.6, 9.6 mg/l; LC50 (48 hr) in Daphnia magna: 0.34 mg/l (Merck Technical Data Sheet) |
Affirm - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Starch potato Dextrose Anhydrate Starch potato |
Affirm - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Chen Huiyan, Ji Xiang. Determination of abamectin residues in pear fruits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Farm staff, 2018, no. 570(01):190-190. 2. Quan Yunfan, Wang Pei, Wang Hao, et al. Mangrove-derived fungus Xylaria sp.HNWSW-2 studies on secondary metabolites of isocoumarins and their biological activities [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019(8). 3. Zhang Zhenwei, Zhao Qingquan, Hao Xin, etc. Effects of avermectin and emamectin on toxicity and detoxifying enzyme activity in the larva of radiowde moth. 4. Zhang, Xu, et al. "Inhibition of TMEM16A Ca2 -activated Cl − channels by avermectins is essential for their." Pharmacologic research 156 (2020): 104763. 5. [IF = 7.658] Xuan Zhang et al."Inhibition of TMEM16A Ca2 -activated Cl− channels by avermectins is essential for their anticancer effects."Pharmacol Res. 2020 Jun;156:104763 6. [IF=4.714] Xue Yin et al.Identification and pharmacological characterization of histamine-gated chloride channels in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.Insect Biochem Molec. 2022 Jan;140:103698 |
Affirm - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
- abamectin is a class of macrolide disaccharide compounds, collectively known as avermectins. The original drug is white or yellow crystal (containing B1. 80%, B1b<20%), vapor pressure (20 degrees C)<2 x 10-4 mPa, melting point 150~155. Solubility (21 ℃,g/L): water (7~10)× 10 -6, toluene 350, acetone 100, isopropanol 70, chloroform 25, ethanol 20, methanol 19.5, N-butanol 10, cyclohexane 6. Stability: good stability in aqueous solution (25 ℃) with pH value of 5~9; Sensitive to strong alkali and strong acid; First of all, it will be converted to 8,9-2 isomers under UV irradiation, this is then degraded to an unknown product.
- dosage form single dose has 0. 3%, 0.5%, 0. 9%, 1%, 1.8% EC, 0.05%, 0. 12%, 0.5%, 1% wettable powder; And there are many kinds of compound preparation.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Affirm - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
fermentation metabolites of Streptomyces avermiillis MA-4680 (I. E., NRRL-8165) strain isolated from soil samples by the Kitasat Institute in Japan.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:18:34
Affirm - Application
Open Data Verified Data
The microbial source of insecticide and acaricide, the pests and mites to the stomach toxicity, and have a killing and weak fumigation effect, no absorption. Can be used for the control of vegetable leaf-eating pests such as cabbage, diamondback moth, leaf flies, the use of the dose of 11~22g/hmz. In the liquid to add paraffin oil can significantly improve the efficacy; Can control mites, the use of the dose of 5.6~28g/hm2; Control of boring pests such as cotton bollworm, tobacco, etc., with 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate 750~1500mL/hm2 water spray; 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate 750 ~ 1500mL/
hm2; The control of soil root knot nematode, 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate 9000 ~ 12000mL/hmz. It can also be used as an insect repellent for controlling parasites in livestock.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Affirm - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat acute oral LD50 is 10 mg/kg, mouse acute oral LD50 is 13.6 mg/kg, rabbit acute percutaneous LD50 greater than 2000mg/kg. Aquatic organisms LC50 (96H, ug/L): Rainbow Trout 3.2, blue gill sunfish 9.6, shrimp 1.6, blue crab 153; Highly toxic to bees; acute oral LD50( mg/kg) for birds: 84.6 for wild ducks, more than 2000 for North American quails; The soil and water were rapidly degraded by microorganisms without bioaccumulation. The acute oral toxicity of avermectin is high, but because of its very low dosage, it is safe to humans and animals, and to the environment.
Avermectin should be packaged in a clean, dry, plastic-lined steel drum or cardboard drum with a net content of no more than 25kg per barrel. Avermectin emulsifiable concentrates shall be packed in brown glass, aluminium or fluoride bottles with inner plug and outer lid, with a net content of 50g (mL), 10og (mL), 250g (mL), 500g (mL) per bottle; calcium plastic box or corrugated box for outer packaging, the net content of each box should not exceed 15kg. Packages should be stored in a ventilated, dry warehouse. Storage and transportation should be strictly protected against moisture and sun exposure, and should not be mixed with food, seeds and feed, avoid contact with skin and eyes, and prevent inhalation from mouth and nose.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:18:35
Affirm - Toxicity and use limits
rat acute oral LD50 is l0 mg/kg, mouse acute oral LD50 is 13 mg/kg, rabbit acute percutaneous LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg, rat acute percutaneous LD50 greater than 380 mg/kg, rat acute inhalation LC50 greater than 5.7 mg/L. No irritation to the skin, a slight irritation to the eyes. There was no teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effect on animals in the test dose. Three generations of rats reproductive test, no effect of the dose of 0.12 mg/kg/day. The two-year no effect dose in rats was 2 mg/kg/day. Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, Trout 96 hours LC50 for 3.6 μg/L, blue gill Bioux 96 hours LC509.6 μg/L. High toxicity to bees, oral LD50 0.009 μg/Head, LD50 0.002 μg/head, but the remaining LT50 in the leaf for 4 hours, the agents remaining on the leaf surface after 4 hours were of low toxicity to the bees. Low toxicity to birds, quail acute oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg, wild duck acute oral LD50 86.4 mg/kg.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for Affirm