CERIUM
Cerium
CAS: 7440-45-1
Molecular Formula: Ce
CERIUM - Names and Identifiers
CERIUM - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Ce |
| Molar Mass | 140.116 |
| Density | 6.67 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 795 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 3443 °C (lit.) |
| Water Solubility | soluble dilute mineral acids [KIR78] |
| Appearance | powder |
| Specific Gravity | 6.9 |
| Color | Silver-gray |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 13,2003 |
| Sensitive | Air & Moisture Sensitive |
| Use | Can be used for the manufacture of alloys, fire stones, etc |
CERIUM - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R23 - Toxic by inhalation R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R15 - Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases R14/15 - |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S43 - In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.) |
| UN IDs | UN 2031 8/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28053090 |
| Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
CERIUM - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Rare earth chlorides |
CERIUM - Reference Information
| resistivity | 73 ++-cm, 20°C |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | the chemical element symbol of cerium is Ce, and the atomic number is 58. Cerium is a soft, malleable, silvery-white metal that changes color when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Cerium is the most abundant rare earth. It is chemically characterized by two valence states, namely, 3 cerium states and 4 cerium states. The cerium state is the only stable non-trivalent rare earth ion in aqueous solution. Thus, it is strongly acidic and strongly oxidizing. The cerium state is very similar to other trivalent rare earths. |
| History of discovery | The Latin name of Cerium Cerium is named for the planet Cerea oryzae, another element that is named after the minor is Palladium. On the night of January 1, 1801, Italian biologist Piazzi found a new planet in the large gap between Mars and Jupiter, in order to maintain the tradition of the planet in the name of the Roman god, the celestial body was named Ceres in the name of the Farming God. cereal food in English is cereal, which is also derived from the agricultural god. The scientific community was quite excited about the discovery of Ceres, so the first new element found after the discovery of Ceres was named cerium cerium to pay homage to Ceres. |
| Source | cerium is the 25th most abundant element on Earth. It is also the most abundant lanthanide in rare earth metals. Its main ores are monazite and magnesite. The content of cerium in the crust is 46 ppm, which is about 0.0046% of the crust. Cerium is mixed with other elements in the ore, making it difficult to find, separate and identify. Its existence was not known until 1803. The sand of monazite contains most of the rare earths. Beach in Florida and parts of California contain monazite. Monazite is also found in South Africa, India and Brazil. |
| Application | (1) cerium as a glass additive, can absorb ultraviolet and infrared, has been widely used in automotive glass. Not only can prevent ultraviolet rays, but also can reduce the temperature in the car, so as to save the air conditioning electricity. From 1997onwards, Japan's automotive glass all added cerium oxide, 1996for automotive glass cerium oxide at least 2000 tons, the United States about more than 1000 tons. (2) Cerium is currently being applied to the automobile exhaust purification catalyst, which can effectively prevent a large number of automobile exhaust gas from being discharged into the air. The consumption of the United States in this respect accounts for more than 1/3 of the total consumption of rare earth. (3) cerium sulfide can replace lead, cadmium and other harmful metals to the environment and human application to the pigment, can be used for plastic coloring, can also be used in paint, ink and paper and other industries. At present, the leading company is the French company Rhone Planck. (4)Ce:LiSAF laser system is a solid-state laser developed in the United States. It can be used to explore biological weapons and also used in medicine by monitoring the concentration of tryptophan. Cerium has a wide range of applications, and almost all of the rare earth applications contain cerium. Such as polishing powder, hydrogen storage materials, thermoelectric materials, cerium tungsten electrode, ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics, cerium silicon carbide abrasive, fuel cell raw materials, gasoline catalysts, some permanent magnetic materials, various alloy steel and non-ferrous metals. |
| preparation | cerium is obtained from ores by chemical processing and separation. This process involves the separation of cerium from other rare earth metals present in the ore. The ore was crushed, ground and treated with acid. The extract was buffered to pH 3-4 and the element was selectively precipitated as a Ce4 salt. Cerium can also be separated from other metals by ion exchange processes. Similarly, metals can be obtained by high-temperature reduction of cerium (III) chloride with calcium: 2CeCl3 3Ca → 2Ce 3CaCl2 |
| pharmacological effects | The pharmacological effects and chemical properties of cerium are similar to those of aluminum. Insoluble salts (e. G., oxalates) are said to be non-toxic even in large doses. It is used to prevent pregnancy when Vomit. The average dose is 0.05 to 0.5 grams. Effects on the central nervous system of rare earth metals after inhalation may largely prevent the use of these materials for welding operations. Cerium is said to produce polycythemia but cannot be used to treat anemia due to its toxic effects. Cerium salts may increase the rate of blood clotting. |
| Application | can be used in the manufacture of alloys, fire stones and other |
| production method | The most abundant rare earth metals in the crust. Cerium metal can be obtained by reduction of cerium oxide or electrolytic cerium chloride with calcium. 70g of CeCl3 and 18.5g of Ca are thoroughly mixed and stirred in an inert atmosphere into a tantalum crucible or pressed into a cylinder by a motor press and placed in a tantalum crucible with a perforated tantalum cover for aeration, place in a closed MgO crucible (d = 0.0508m,h = 0.1778m). It is then placed in a quartz tube (d = 0.11615m), which is sealed by fusion at one end and sanded into a 55/50 conical joint at the other end. The quartz tube was sealed with paraffin in a vacuum system (0.133). Ar (first purified by superheated metal uranium) was charged to P = 101.325kPa, and the reaction was heated to 550 to 600 ° C. In a 6kw Induction furnace to cause the reaction (the temperature of the tantalum Crucible was suddenly increased). After 5min reached 1000 deg C, maintain 13min so that the generation of rare earth metal complete agglomeration. After cooling to room temperature, the tantalum Crucible was immersed in water to remove CaCl2, Ca, and the rare earth metal melt remained at the bottom (1% to 3% Ca). |
| category | flammable articles in water |
| explosive hazard characteristics | release of explosive hydrogen in water |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in water; Flammable hydrogen in water, alkali and acid |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:01:54
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Raw Materials for CERIUM