Creatine
Creatine
CAS: 57-00-1
Molecular Formula: C4H9N3O2
Creatine - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Creatine |
| Synonyms | Creatine Creatine HMB N-amidinosarcosine Creatine anhydrous Anhydrous Creatine creatine zwitterion Creatine preparation N-Methyl-N-amidinoglycine N-carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine 2-(1-Methylguanidino)acetic acid 5-Chloro-2-Maino Benzotrifluoride 2-[amidino(methyl)amino]acetic acid 2-(1-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]ethanoic acid |
| CAS | 57-00-1 |
| EINECS | 200-306-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C4H9N3O2/c1-7(4(5)6)2-3(8)9/h2H2,1H3,(H3,5,6)(H,8,9) |
| InChIKey | CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Creatine - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H9N3O2 |
| Molar Mass | 131.13 |
| Density | 1,33 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | ~295°C (dec.) |
| Boling Point | 242.43°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 118.1°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water. |
| Solubility | Water (Slightly, Heated) |
| Vapor Presure | 0.00178mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | White Crystal or Crystal |
| Color | White to Off-White |
| Merck | 14,2568 |
| BRN | 907175 |
| pKa | 2.63(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature |
| Refractive Index | 1.5700 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00004282 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Trait White |
| Use | For biochemical research |
Creatine - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29252900 |
| Toxicity | A compound that is phosphorylated to phosphocreatine, which represents a store of high-energy phosphoryl groups in muscle that can be transferred to ADP, yielding ATP for muscle contraction. The enzyme involved in phosphate transfer between them is creatine phosphokinase that catalyzes the reaction Phosphocreatine+ADP→ATP+creatine An increase in serum creatine phosphokinase may be indicative of damage to non-hepatic tissue but not to the liver. |
Creatine - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Wan Wen-Juan, Zhang Min-bin, NEI Zhi-yan, et al. Screening, identification and application of decomposing bacteria for high temperature resistant food waste [J]. Food and machinery, 2019(6). 2. [IF = 2.863] Qiang Wang et al.. "Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Oct;9(10):5575-5582 3. [IF = 3.739] Liming Wang et al."Metabolomic Study on Iohexol-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Based on NMR and LC-MS Analyses."Chem Res Toxicol. 2022;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX 4. [IF=5.548] Lang Zhang et al."Changes in flavor, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and quality characteristics of roasted chicken drumsticks at different processing stages."FOOD CONTROL. 2022 Sep;139:109104 |
Creatine - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | creatine, also known as α-guanidinoacetic acid, is a natural nutrient present in the human body, it can also be synthesized from arginine, glycine, and methionine in the liver, kidney, and pancreas: Under the catalysis of the renal arginine glycine Amidine, the amidine group of arginine is transferred to the amino group of glycine, the formation of guanidine acetic acid. In the liver, the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine is transferred to guanidine acetic acid by the catalysis of guanidine acetate methyltransferase to generate creatine. |
| uses | creatine has the basic functions of increasing the water content of muscle cells, helping muscle cells store energy, increasing protein synthesis, etc; among them, synthetic creatine can be used to promote the skeletal muscle to adapt to strenuous exercise and against the weak individual excessive fatigue of nutritional supplements; Can also be used for the preparation of drugs for the treatment of heart disease and respiratory insufficiency; preparation of pharmaceutical preparations containing human growth hormone; And can be used to compound a new health food, with anti-aging, physical recovery effect. used in biochemical research biochemical research, health care products, etc. |
| preparation method | 1. Using lime nitrogen as raw material to prepare creatine, there are three different process routes:(1) the reaction of lime nitrogen with sodium sarcosine solution directly generates creatine. (2) reaction of lime nitrogen with a methanol solution saturated with dry hydrogen chloride gas to obtain O-methylisourea hydrochloride, and reaction of O-methylisourea hydrochloride with sarcosine to obtain creatine. (3) the aqueous solution of lime nitrogen and hydrochloric acid generates chlorformamidine chloride under the condition of air introduction, and then reacts with sodium sarcosine to obtain creatine. Cyanamide reacts with chloroacetic acid and methylamine to obtain creatine monohydrate. With thiourea and dimethyl sulfate as raw materials to produce S-methylisothiourea sulfate, S-methylisothiourea sulfate and sarcosine, sarcosine or sarcosine potassium reaction to creatine. O-methylisourea sulfate is formed by the reaction of urea and dimethyl sulfate, O-methylisourea sulfate reacts with sodium sarcosine to form creatine monohydrate. Figure 1 shows the creatine synthesis reaction operation method: 500 mol of urea and 3.3 6mL H2SO4 in a 50% mL Four-necked flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and condenser, heated to 40 ℃, 3 mol of dimethyl sulfate was added dropwise within 3 h under stirring. During the feeding, the temperature was controlled within 70 ℃, after cooling, 561.8g of O-methylisourea sulfate was obtained. In a 500 mL four-mouth flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and condenser, add 36% G of 30% sarcosine aqueous solution, and adjust the pH to about 11.0 with HCl, then 50.0G of O-methylisourea sulfate is added dropwise within 2 h at 20 ℃. During the dropwise addition, the pH is adjusted to about 25% with 11.0 NaOH solution, stirring was continued for 2 h at 40 °c, then the mixture was cooled for 2 h at 0-5 °c and the colourless crystals formed were filtered off. The filter cake was washed with 2 × 15 mL ice water to obtain a crude creatine monohydrate. Put the crude product into a beaker, add 7~8 times the amount of crude water, heat to dissolve all, slowly cool the liquid at room temperature, crystallize, filter out the crystal, the creatine monohydrate product can be obtained by drying below 50 ℃. |
| pharmacological action | 1. Increase the water content of muscle cells: when creatine is first used, the muscles are felt to be larger and stronger. This is because creatine will make the body's muscle cells store more water; And when all muscle cells absorb more water and increase the volume, the muscle will naturally become more plump, notable. 2. Helps muscle cells store energy: the body's muscle fibers contain two different forms of creatine: unbound creatine and phosphocreatine with phosphate, and creatine phosphate accounted for about 2/3 of the total creatine content. When muscle contractions produce movement, the body uses a compound called ATP as its energy source. Unfortunately, the body's muscle cells can only provide less than ten seconds of rapid contraction of the required ATP energy, must have more ATP production in order to maintain the sustained movement, at this point in the muscle creatine phosphate, will sacrifice their phosphate and make ATP synthesis again. Therefore, if there is more creatine in the muscle, the muscle has more potential power to be exerted. In addition, creatine supplementation can also help to rejuvenate exhausted muscle cells, because when the ATP energy in the muscle is exhausted, the body also recovers the TP production system (glycolosis). Lactic acid is produced. When the body is strenuous exercise, a large amount of lactic acid will make the muscle produce a sense of soreness and fatigue; At this time, if the muscle can store more creatine phosphate to provide ATP, the body will reduce the production of lactic acid and reduce the fatigue of muscle cells, so that we can exercise more long-lasting and more explosive. 3. Increase protein synthesis: creatine intake enables the body to use more protein to grow muscle. The two protein structures in muscle; Actin and myosin, are the most important components of muscle fiber contraction and movement. Therefore, if enough creatine can be supplemented, the body can reduce the energy consumption of protein and synthesize more actin and myosin cells, muscles naturally become stronger and more powerful. |
| Application | 1. Nutritional supplements that can be used to promote skeletal muscle adaptation to strenuous exercise and to combat excessive fatigue in frail individuals. 2. Can be used for the preparation of drugs for the treatment of heart disease and respiratory insufficiency. 3. Preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation containing human growth hormone. 4. Can be used to compound a new health food, with anti-aging, restore the effectiveness of physical strength. 5. For biochemical research reagents. (2015-11-04) |
| side effects | 1. By-Product low purity creatine not only has no obvious effect, but also is harmful to human body. Harmful substances are mainly a derivative called dicyandiamide, which will increase the burden of kidney excretion. The content of dicyandiamide in creatine with a purity of 99.99% is lower than 20ppm. 2. Energy source the movement of human muscle is provided by decomposing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. In high intensity exercise, ATP is decomposed in a few seconds, that is, it can only provide a few seconds of energy. Aerobic exercise can be synthesized by aerobic decomposition of carbohydrates, fats, etc. But in anaerobic exercise, lack of oxygen, creatine began to mediate energy metabolism. It combines with phosphoric acid to form creatine phosphate (CP), which rapidly replenishes ATP. Theoretically, the more creatine is stored, the more the synthesis of CP, the longer the supply of ATP can be maintained, and the muscles can persist longer in high intensity exercise. In the recovery period, the synthesis of creatine still depends on carbohydrates and other aerobic energy, so the intake of carbohydrates should not be too little. Otherwise, after the decomposition of creatine, can not be synthesized, the next training can not supply. 3. Dangerous due to creatine can quickly replenish energy. Therefore, the phenomenon of overtraining is easy to occur in the training. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:05:13
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