Phenothiazine
Phenothiazine
CAS: 92-84-2
Molecular Formula: C12H9NS
Phenothiazine - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Phenothiazine |
| Synonyms | PTZ PHENOXUR VERMITIN Agrazine Afi-Tiazin PHENOTHIAZINE Phenothiazole Phenothiazine 10H-Phenothiazin 10H-Phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine THIODIPHENYLAMINE |
| CAS | 92-84-2 |
| EINECS | 202-196-5 |
| InChIKey | WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Phenothiazine - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C12H9NS |
| Molar Mass | 199.27 |
| Density | 1.362 |
| Melting Point | 184 °C |
| Boling Point | 371°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 202°C |
| Water Solubility | 2 mg/L (25 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in ether, benzene, acetic acid, chloroform and petroleum, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water. |
| Vapor Presure | 0.0000647 Pa (20 °C) |
| Appearance | Yellow or light green powder |
| Color | Yellow |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3 (Skin)NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,7252 |
| BRN | 143237 |
| pKa | pKa 2.52 (Uncertain) |
| PH | 6 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(aqueous suspension) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. May discolour upon exposure to light. |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
| Refractive Index | 1.6353 |
| MDL | MFCD00005015 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Grey green clean powder. Melting point 185.5 ℃, boiling point 371 ℃, 290 ℃(5.33kPa) insoluble in petroleum ether, chloroform and water, soluble in ether and hot acetic acid. The air will be oxidized when exposed to light. |
| Use | Mainly used as acrylic acid and acrylic ester, methacrylic acid and Ester monomer high efficiency inhibitor |
Phenothiazine - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R48/22 - Harmful danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S22 - Do not breathe dust. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | SN5075000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29343090 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg |
Phenothiazine - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
yellow to green powder or flaky crystals. Soluble in benzene, soluble in ether and hot acetic acid, slightly soluble in alcohol and mineral oil, almost insoluble in petroleum ether, chloroform and water. Long storage in the air is easy to oxidize and the color becomes darker, with sublimation. This product has a weak odor, long time in the air is easy to oxidize and color darkening, skin irritation. In case of high heat, open flame or contact with oxidant, there is a risk of combustion.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Phenothiazine - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The diphenylamine, the sulfonated tablet and the sulfur were heated and stirred to perform a vulcanization reaction. The moisture of the reaction product phenothiazine was drained under vacuum. The filter cake is washed with a mixture of alcohol and hexamethylenetetramine, dried by hot air, and pulverized to obtain a finished product. The purity of the product was 94% ~ 97%. It can be further refined by ethanol recrystallization and activated carbon decolorization.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Phenothiazine - Introduction
Slightly smelling. It has a weak odor, and it is easy to oxidize and darker in the air for a long time, which is irritating to the skin. Sublimation at 130 ℃(133.32Pa). It is extremely easy to oxidize under the influence of sunlight. Soluble in benzene, soluble in ether and hot acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethanol and mineral oil, soluble in acetone and benzene, almost insoluble in petroleum ether, chloroform and water. Solubility in water: 2mg/L (25°C).
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:30:10
Phenothiazine - Application
Open Data Verified Data
This product is used as a polymerization inhibitor for vinyl acetate and veronil production, and an auxiliary agent for synthetic materials such as rubber antioxidant. It is also used in the synthesis of drugs, dyes, as well as anthelmintics for livestock and fruit tree insecticides.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Phenothiazine - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
It can irritate eyes, skin, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. In case of inadvertent contact between skin and eyes, rinse with plenty of flowing water.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:06:54
Phenothiazine - Reference Information
| LogP | 3.78 at 25℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Use | phenothiazine can be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of methylene blue dye, it can also be used in the manufacture of an important class of neuroleptics and antihistamines such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine, promethazine and thiopyridazine. In addition, phenothiazine can also be used as a polymerization inhibitor for vinyl acetate, a raw material for an antioxidant for rubber, a synthetic dye, a medicine, a fruit tree insecticide, an animal repellent, and the like. phenothiazine is an intermediate of fine chemicals such as drugs and dyes. It itself is an auxiliary agent for synthetic materials (inhibitor for Vinylon production), fruit tree insecticide and animal insect repellent. It has a significant effect on the twisting stomach of cattle, sheep and horse, the nodule worm, the nematode, the nematode, the fine neck nematode of sheep and so on. alias thiodiphenylamine. It is mainly used as a polymerization inhibitor for the production of acrylic acid ester. It is also used in the synthesis of drugs, dyes, and auxiliaries for synthetic materials (e. G., polymerization inhibitors for vinyl acetate, raw materials for rubber antioxidants). It is also used as an anthelmintic for livestock and as an insecticide for fruit trees. This product is mainly used as an excellent polymerization inhibitor of alkenyl monomer. It is widely used in the production of acrylic acid, Acrylate, methacrylate and vinyl acetate. |
| production method | is obtained by sulfurizing diphenylamine. Raw material consumption quota: diphenylamine 1660kg/t, sulfur 660kg/t, iodine tablets 17kg/t. with diphenylamine as raw material, it is obtained by Sulfidation under the catalysis of iodine. The diphenylamine, iodine tablets and sulfur were mixed, heated to 200 °c for 2H and then heated directly to 220-250 °c with superheated steam. The reaction material was separated from water, and then washed with a mixed solution of ethanol and urotropine (mass ratio 1.5:1), dried and pulverized to obtain a product. |
| category | pesticide |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-mouse LD50: 5000 mg/kg; Intravenous-mouse LD50: 178 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable; Toxic sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide gases from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Storage and transportation is separated from oxidant |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3; Tel 10 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 470°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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