Pilocarpine
pilocarpine
CAS: 92-13-7
Molecular Formula: C11H16N2O2
Pilocarpine - Names and Identifiers
| Name | pilocarpine |
| Synonyms | Pilocarpol Pilocarpin ocusertp20 pilocarpine PILOCARPINE ocusertpilo Ocusert Pilo Ocusert P 20 Pilocarpine base Imidazole-5-butyric acid, alpha-ethyl-beta-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-, gamma-lactone |
| CAS | 92-13-7 |
| EINECS | 202-128-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C11H16N2O2/c1-3-10-8(6-15-11(10)14)4-9-5-12-7-13(9)2/h5,7-8,10H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3 |
Pilocarpine - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C11H16N2O2 |
| Molar Mass | 208.26 |
| Density | 1.1123 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 34° |
| Boling Point | bp5 260° (partial conversion to isopilocarpine) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | D18 +106° (c = 2) |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in chloroform and ether. |
| Appearance | Viscous liquid |
| pKa | 6.87(at 30℃) |
| Storage Condition | -20℃ |
| Refractive Index | 1.5000 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Pilocarpine is also known as "pilocarpine, pilocarpine". An alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the Rutaceae plant Rutaceae or the same plant. Molecular formula C11H16O2N2. Molecular weight 208.26. Its nitrate is colorless crystal or white shiny crystalline powder. No smell, bitter taste. Melting point 173.5~174 ℃ (decomposition). Easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in chloroform and ether. It is easy to deteriorate when exposed to light. Choline-like drugs. Its solution is used to drop eyes, which can narrow pupils and reduce intraocular pressure. For the treatment of glaucoma. |
Pilocarpine - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | T+ - Very toxic |
| Risk Codes | 26/28 - Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) |
| UN IDs | 1544 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| HS Code | 2939800000 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(b) |
| Packing Group | III |
Pilocarpine - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Fan Sufang, Ma Junmei, Liu Min, et al. Determination of 15 toxic alkaloids in foods by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(22):290-295. 2. Miao, Rui-Xue, et al. "the development of essential flora and the immune system of neonatal mice." Experimental and therapeutic medicine 15.1 (2018): 1081-1086.https:// doi.org/10.3892/etm.07/5461 3. [IF = 2.447] Rui‑Xue Miao et al."Effect of Clostridium butyricum supplementation on the development of intestinal flora and the immune system of neonatal mice."Exp Ther Med. 2018 Jan;15(1):1081-1086 4. [IF=6.529] Rui Lin et al."Catalpol ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome by modulating interplay of T and B cells."Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Mar;123:109806 5. [IF=5.34] Lícia T.S. Pina et al."Monoterpenes as a perspective for the treatment of seizures: A Systematic Review."Phytomedicine. 2021 Jan;81:153422 |
Pilocarpine - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| pharmacological effects | This product is a cholinergic drug, which has a direct excitation effect on smooth muscle and various glands, the effect on salivary glands and sweat glands is particularly significant. By directly acting on the muscarinic receptors on the pupillary sphincter, ciliary body and secretory glands, the pupillary sphincter contracts, making the peripheral iris leave the anterior wall of the angle, opening the angle, and increasing the drainage of aqueous humor. At the same time, this product also increases the tension of the scleral process by contracting the longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle, opening the trabecular meshwork gap, reducing the resistance of aqueous humor drainage, increasing the drainage of aqueous humor, and reducing the intraocular pressure. |
| pilocarpine | pilocarpine, also known as pilocarpine, it is an acetylcholine-like alkaloid proposed from the leaves of the plants of the genus Trichosanthes, Pilocarpus and Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf, can also be artificial synthesis. It acts directly on the choline receptors and produces effects similar to those of post-ganglionic cholinergic nerve fibers when they are excited. So also known as post-ganglionic cholinergic drugs. It is characterized by the secretion of glands and the eye is particularly obvious, can promote the secretion of sweat glands, salivary glands, bronchial and gastrointestinal glands, so that a variety of visceral smooth muscle contraction, but less impact on the cardiovascular system. Due to the absorption of a wide range of complex, side effects, it is not practical significance. Pilocarpine in turn activates the M-receptor on the iris sphincter of the eye, causing contraction of the sphincter, narrowing of the pupil, thinning of the iris root, easy entry of aqueous humor into the blood circulation, lowering intraocular pressure, and activation of the M-receptor on the ciliary muscle, the ciliary muscle was tensioned towards the center, the suspension band was relaxed, the lens was protruding outward, and the diopter was increased, making the myopia clear and the hyperopia blurred. pilocarpine is clinically used in ophthalmology as a miotic agent for the treatment of glaucoma, especially for acute or chronic congestive glaucoma. After application, the intraocular pressure drops rapidly, and the symptoms of glaucoma are relieved or eliminated. Alternate application with atropine can prevent the adhesion of ciliary body and lens caused by iridocyclitis. Commonly used 1 ~ 2% solution, After local eye drops, easily through the cornea, the role of rapid and mild. 30min after eye drops, the effect of the most obvious reduction of intraocular pressure can be maintained for 4~8H. Eye drops should be compressed within the canthus, to prevent fluid flow into the nasal cavity and be absorbed, after absorption caused adverse reactions, mainly for the role of M (see "cholinergic medicine"), at this time can be used atropine to fight. |
| indication | pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug, which excites the M-cholinergic receptor on the iris sphincter, to narrow the pupil and ciliary muscle contraction and release the iris of the trabecular meshwork obstruction, the anterior chamber angle re-open, increase the rate of aqueous humor drainage and reduce intraocular pressure. And can make the anterior ciliary artery contraction, choroidal vein expansion, reduce intraocular pressure. Suitable for:(1) for the treatment of various types of primary glaucoma and some secondary glaucoma; Can be combined with other Miotic agents, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, sympathomimetic drugs or hypertonic dehydrating agents. (2) after mydriasis, such as ophthalmoscopy, eye drops with this product to narrow the pupil to offset the role of cycloplegic agents or dilated pupil drugs. (3) also used for central retinal artery occlusion; Cataract intraocular lens implantation surgery in the pupil; Atropine drug poisoning symptomatic treatment. |
| adverse reactions | (1) topical application can cause eye tingling, burning sensation, Conjunctival Congestion, tears, temporal or periorbital pain, dark vision, dark adaptation difficulties. (2) Long-term application can cause ciliary muscle spastic myopia or myopia aggravation, pupillary rigidity, iridocyclitis, superficial keratitis, follicular conjunctivitis, lens opacity, retinal detachment, macular hole, etc. (3) drug poisoning can produce salivation, sweating, Nausea, Vomit, Diarrhea and other gastrointestinal reactions, as well as memory disorders, Head Pain, general weakness, muscle tremor, slow pulse, decreased blood pressure, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, Dyspnea and other symptoms of systemic adverse reactions. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:11:58
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