Poly(acrylonitrile)
Poly(acrylonitrile)
CAS: 25014-41-9
Molecular Formula: C3H3N
Poly(acrylonitrile) - Names and Identifiers
Poly(acrylonitrile) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H3N |
| Molar Mass | 53.06262 |
| Density | 1.184 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 317 °C |
| Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.514 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Polyacrylonitrile is a polymer of acrylonitrile obtained by copolymerizing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and iconic acid. It is the raw material of nitrile theory (commonly known as artificial wool). The chemical formula [CH2 = CH-CN]n has a structure average molecular weight of 2.5 × 104 to 8 × 104. White powder at room temperature, the specific gravity of 1.14~1.16. The softening point was 267 °c and the decomposition temperature was 230 °c. Almost insoluble in water, fat, weak acid, weak base, general solvent, also insoluble in saliva, gastric juice and other body fluids. But soluble in dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane and other polar organic solvents and inorganic salts (thiocyanate NaSCN, perchlorate, zinc chloride ZnCl2, etc.), polyacrylonitriles suitable for fiber formation have a molecular weight of between 2.05 million and 2.08 million, soften and decompose at 230 °c. Polyacrylonitrile is a low toxicity polymer. Rats were exposed to a dose of 2,000-3,000mg/kg, a inhalation concentration of 2,500-25,00mg/m3, did not cause poisoning. Accumulative. Polyacrylonitrile fiber is coarse, hard and brittle, easy to break, similar to glass fiber, can produce mechanical stimulation to the skin and mucosa, so the contact of polyacrylonitrile fiber spinning workers, can occur skin itching and rash, chemical irritation and sensitization were not found in skin patch test. Preventive measures: reform process to reduce oligomer dust generation, Closed, suction ventilation, strengthen personal protection. Supply iodine-and vitamin C- rich foods. |
Poly(acrylonitrile) - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | AT6977900 |
| HS Code | 39069090 |
Poly(acrylonitrile) - Reference Information
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| polyacrylonitrile fiber | polyacrylonitrile fiber is called "acrylic" in China and is one of the main varieties of synthetic fiber. A fiber spun from polyacrylonitrile or acrylonitrile copolymers containing a small amount of other monomers. Long fibers are like silk, and short fibers are like wool (commonly known as artificial wool). The fiber strength is 2.2~2.6g/d, the elongation is 20% ~ 28%, and the moisture absorption rate is small (about 0.9%). The texture is soft, light, and warm. It is very similar to wool. It is mostly used to blend with wool or as a wool substitute, so it is called "synthetic wool. It has good weather resistance and sun resistance, and can maintain the original strength of 77% after being placed outdoors for 18 months. Chemical resistant reagents (such as inorganic acid, organic solvent, bleaching powder, hydrogen peroxide, etc.), but unstable to alkali. In 1950, DuPont Company of the United States first put into industrial production. Because of the low price of raw materials, simple process and excellent performance, the output is growing rapidly, second only to polyester and nylon in the world's synthetic fibers. In order to improve its dyeability, resilience and solubility, a small amount (<15%) of second and third monomers are usually added to acrylic fibers. The second monomer is mainly methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, etc.; the third monomer is methylsuccinic acid, sodium acrylate sulfonate, etc. Acrylic fiber has 15% higher warmth than wool and 1-2. 5 times higher strength than wool (second only to polyester and nylon). The elastic modulus is large, the shape retention is good, and the sunlight resistance is the crown of synthetic fibers; the heat resistance is second only to polyester, not bad, not afraid of insects. But the abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance are not good. Acrylic fiber is mainly used in the textile industry. The 99% of world production is short fiber, of which wool is the main type, mainly blended with wool, other synthetic fibers and viscose fibers, used to make expanded acrylic yarn, blended wool, nitrile adhesive tweed, viscose nitrile tweed, acrylic artificial fur, acrylic plush, acrylic camel wool, etc. Pure spinning acrylic can also make various knitwear, such as sportswear and thin clothing. Among them, long fiber blended with polyester and viscose can make spun wool products, such as hidden tweed and plain tweed. In addition to clothing, acrylic is also used for tents, curtains, curtains, carpets, cannon clothing, etc. Acrylic filament can be used as a raw material for carbon fiber and graphite fiber for the manufacture of ablation composite materials for artificial satellites or missile shells. |
| production method | industrial production of polyacrylonitrile mainly includes suspension polymerization (see "polyvinyl chloride") and solution polymerization (polymerization reaction in which monomer and initiator are dissolved in appropriate solvent). Acrylonitrile is dissolved in dimethylformamide, and azoisobutyronitrile or azoisoheptanitrile is used as initiator to polymerize at 50~60 ℃. When the conversion rate reaches 90%, unreacted monomer is recovered, filtered solution is prepared into a certain concentration, which can be spun. In addition, precipitation polymerization can also be carried out in an aqueous solution, and the polymerization is initiated with water-soluble potassium persulfate as the initiator. The resulting polymer is continuously precipitated from the water and filtered to obtain powdered polyacrylonitrile. |
| medical polyacrylonitrile | polyacrylonitrile is also a material with high strength, good elasticity, oil resistance and acid and alkali resistance. Although its monomer is a toxic raw material, polyacrylonitrile has low toxicity after polymerization. Judging from the implantation of synthetic fiber cloth in the abdominal cavity of dogs (based on whether the material and intestinal mucosa produce adhesion as a criterion), polyacrylonitrile is better than polyamide (nylon), not as good as polytetrachloroethylene and polyester. When it comes into contact with blood, it damages less to the visible components of blood; at the same time, it is easy to disinfect and sterilize, and can be sterilized by high-pressure steam, ethylene oxide or gamma rays. artificial blood vessel made of polyacrylonitrile fiber has been widely used in clinic. In recent years, a copolymer of acrylonitrile and cationic monomer has been developed. After the copolymer is spun, it forms an ion compound with heparin. This fiber has direct anticoagulant properties. The membrane made of acrylonitrile and sodium methacrylate sulfonate copolymer has good permeability. The integrated flat artificial kidney made of this membrane is widely used in clinic due to its high clearance rate of medium molecular weight urinary toxin. In addition, it has also been made into a polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber artificial kidney. polyacrylonitrile can be treated at 200 ℃, 400 ℃ and 600 ℃ to form a ring: if it is thermally decomposed at 1500 ℃ under the protection of inert gas, a special hexagonal honeycomb structure can be formed on its surface. This special carbonized structure has good anticoagulant properties. If the activation treatment is further carried out, activated carbon materials with high adsorption performance can be prepared. The application prospect of this artificial material in artificial organs is extremely wide. Reference materials: Editorial Committee of Chinese Medical Encyclopedia; Editor-in-Chief Luo Zhicheng. Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine 26. |
| use | can be used as packing filler, fireproof clothing and carbon fiber after weaving used for pure spinning or blending with wool and other chemical fibers to make textiles and knitwear |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | inhalation-mouse LC50: 10g/m3/30 min |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability; heating decomposition releases toxic nitrogen oxides and cyanide smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:48:19
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Poly(acrylonitrile)
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