STYROL
Styrene
CAS: 100-42-5
Molecular Formula: C8H8
STYROL - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Styrene |
| Synonyms | SM Styrol STYROL Styrene Cinnamol CINNAMENE FEMA 3233 Cinnamene VINYLBENZENE Vinylbenzene Vinyl benzene PHENYLETHYLENE Ethenylbenzene ETHENYLBENZENE Phenylethylene STYRENE MONOMER Styrolene Styrene Monomer styrene monomer stab. |
| CAS | 100-42-5 |
| EINECS | 202-851-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C8H8/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h2-7H,1H2 |
| InChIKey | PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
STYROL - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C8H8 |
| Molar Mass | 104.15 |
| Density | 0.906 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Melting Point | -31 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 145-146 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 88°F |
| Water Solubility | 0.3 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 0.24g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 12.4 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.6 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.909 |
| Color | Colorless |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 50 ppm (～212 mg/m3) (ACGIHand NIOSH), 100 ppm (～425 mg/m3)(OSHA and MSHA); ceiling 200 ppm, peak600 ppm/5 min/3 h (OSHA); STEL 100 ppm（～425 mg/m3) (ACGIH). |
| Merck | 14,8860 |
| BRN | 1071236 |
| pKa | >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) |
| Storage Condition | Store at |
| Stability | Stable, but may polymerize upon exposure to light. Normally shipped with a dissolved inhibitor. Substances to be avoided include strong acids, aluminium chloride, strong oxidizing agents, copper, |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive |
| Explosive Limit | 1.1-8.9%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.546(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless oily liquid with aromatic odor. boiling point 145 ℃ freezing point -30.6 ℃ relative density 0.9059 refractive index 1.5467 flash point 31.11 ℃ solubility insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether. |
| Use | Mainly used as polystyrene, synthetic rubber, engineering plastics, ion exchange resin and other raw materials |
STYROL - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R10 - Flammable R20 - Harmful by inhalation R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R48/20 - R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. |
| UN IDs | UN 2055 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | WL3675000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2902 50 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 660 ± 44.3 i.p.; 90 ± 5.2 i.v. |
STYROL - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Benzene Benzene Ethylene |
| Downstream Products | Phenethyl alcohol Styrene oxide Acrylic acid Polymers |
STYROL - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless oily liquid with aromatic odor. Freezing point -30.6 °c. Boiling point 145 °c. The relative density was 0.9051. Flash point (Open Cup) 31. 11 °c. Spontaneous ignition point 490. Refractive index 5467. Viscosity (20 C) 0.763MPA-s. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, methanol, acetone and carbon disulfide. When heated or exposed to sunlight, or in the presence of peroxides, polymerization readily releases heat and can cause explosion. The explosion limit is 1. 1% to 6. 1% (volume).
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
STYROL - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
ethylbenzene as raw material, in the presence of iron trioxide (or aluminum) as the main T-315 platinum catalyst, at 550~560 ℃, dehydrogenation to styrene, purified to yield 99. More than 5% of the fine styrene.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:39:37
STYROL - Application
Open Data Verified Data
This product is mainly used as polystyrene, Styrene Butadiene Rubber Engineering Plastics (such as ABS, AAS, etc.), ion exchange resin, medicine and other raw materials.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
STYROL - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- This product is toxic. Toxicity is weaker than benzene. Styrene has a laughing odor that can be clearly detected at 25 x 10 -6. At 50 x 10-6 it is unpleasant, but at this concentration there is no toxic effect. With the increase of concentration, the irritation is enhanced, which can stimulate the skin and respiratory tract. Gastric mucosa is stimulated when eating in a poorly ventilated room. Styrene is different from benzene and does not cause chronic poisoning, because styrene is easily oxidized into benzoic acid, phenyl glycol, phenyl glycolic acid and the like in the living body, and then becomes hippuric acid or gluconic acid ester and is discharged from the body. The maximum allowable concentration in air is 420mg/m3. Production equipment should be sealed to prevent run, run, drop, leakage. Pay attention to personal protection, wear personal protective equipment at work. The operator carries on the regular inspection, has the respiratory system disease, the liver disease, the kidney disease or the blood disease, is not engaged in this operation.
- with galvanized iron drum packaging, packaging when adding polymerization inhibitor, storage at low temperature (below 25 ℃) or refrigerated warehouse, to prevent polymerization deterioration. Should be kept away from the fire, not in direct sun exposure. The storage period is one month. The flammable and toxic substances shall be stored and transported according to the regulations.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
STYROL - Reference Information
| olfactory threshold (Odor Threshold) | 0.035ppm |
| freezing point | -30.6 ℃ |
| Henry's Law Constant | (x 10-3 atm?m3/mol):3.91 at 25 °C (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) |
| LogP | 2.96 at 25℃ |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2A (Vol. 60, 82, 121) 2019 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | Styrene is an organic compound formed by replacing a hydrogen atom of ethylene with benzene. The electrons of vinyl group are conjugated with benzene ring, which is a kind of aromatic hydrocarbon. Molecular formula C8H8, structural formula C6H5CH = CH2. It is found in Styx, a natural flavor. Colorless, oily liquid with special aroma. Melting point -30.6 ℃, boiling point 145.2 ℃, relative density 0.9060(20/4 ℃), refractive index 1.5469, viscosity 0.762 cP at 68 °F. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, gradually polymerized and oxidized when exposed to air, polymerization inhibitor [hydroquinone or tert-butyl catechol (0.0002% ~ 0.002%) as stabilizer to delay its polymerization] can be stored. Industry is an important monomer for synthetic resin, ion exchange resin and synthetic rubber. Styrene can also undergo the addition reaction unique to olefins. In industry, styrene can be prepared by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The laboratory can obtain it by heating cinnamic acid. As early as 1850, it was known that styrene did not react with natural resins but had to polymerize. But it was not until the 1930s that it was used in industrial production. Styrene was produced by hydrogen removal of phenylethane (phenylethane is a compound of ethylene and benzene extracted from gasoline). The German Farben Company and the American Dow Chemical Company used ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to carry out the industrial production of styrene in 1937. During the Second World War, due to the need to produce synthetic rubber, production expanded rapidly. After the war, due to the development of styrene-based plastics, styrene production rose sharply, and some other production methods appeared. For example, in 1966, the American Haakon Company developed the ethylbenzene co-oxidation method; in the early 1970s, Japan and other countries used extractive distillation to separate styrene from cracked gasoline, and the amount of styrene produced depends on the scale of ethylene production. In 1981, the total energy of styrene plants in the world reached 17.13Mt, of which more than 90% were made by ethylbenzene catalytic dehydrogenation. |
| use | styrene "is an important basic organic raw material for petrochemical industry. The direct upstream of styrene is benzene and ethylene, and the downstream is relatively scattered. The main products involved are expanded polystyrene, polystyrene, ABS resin, synthetic rubber, unsaturated polyester resin and styrene copolymer. The terminal is mainly used in plastic and synthetic rubber products. The main downstream of styrene is styrene polymer polystyrene. Polystyrene has the advantages of transparency, low cost, rigidity, insulation, and good printability. It can be formed by impregnating with low boiling point hydrocarbon foaming agent. The expandable beads, polystyrene foam plastic has the advantages of heat insulation, sound insulation, low temperature resistance, light quality, elasticity, and low water absorption. According to the physical and chemical properties of polystyrene, it is divided into non-expandable polystyrene (PS) and expandable polystyrene (EPS). Non-expandable polystyrene (PS) mainly includes general-purpose grade polystyrene (GPPS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). The main application fields of PS in China are electronic and electrical industry, daily necessities industry, and EPS is mainly applied in building materials and packaging materials. ABS is the second largest styrene derivative. ABS is a copolymer of acrylonitrile (A), butadiene (B) and styrene (S). It has the advantages of impact strength, good oil resistance, water resistance, stable chemical properties and good cold resistance. It is mainly used in the production of injection molding products, plates and films. The end users are mainly in the automobile, electronics, household appliances and construction pipe industries. Styrene butadiene rubber is mainly made of styrene and butadiene. Styrene butadiene rubber is widely used in the manufacture of tires, tapes, rubber shoes and other rubber products. Styrene butadiene latex is used in textile and paper making. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is also a major consumer field of styrene, mainly used in the production of glass fiber reinforced plastic products, coatings and building materials. Mainly used as a raw material for polystyrene, synthetic rubber, engineering plastics, ion exchange resins, etc. The most important use is as a monomer for synthetic rubber and plastics, used to produce styrene-butadiene rubber and polystyrene, Foamed polystyrene; also used to copolymerize with other monomers to produce engineering plastics for many different purposes. For example, ABS resin prepared by copolymerization with acrylonitrile and butadiene is widely used in various household appliances and industries; SAN prepared by copolymerization with acrylonitrile is a resin with impact resistance and bright color; SBS prepared by copolymerization with butadiene is a thermoplastic rubber, which is widely used as a modifier for polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene. In addition, a small amount of styrene is also used as intermediates such as spices. Styrene is chloromethylated to obtain cinnamyl chloride as an intermediate for the non-narcotic analgesic Qiantongding. Styrene is also used as an antitussive and expectorant cough-prone and anticholinergic drug Weichangning. used for organic synthesis and resin synthesis used for preparing copper plating brightener, which plays the role of leveling and brightness can be used for table food, cake food, condiments, desserts, snacks, various cans and candies. All kinds of drinks, especially yogurt, lactic acid bacteria drinks, carbonated drinks and other acidic drinks. Electron microscope analysis, organic synthesis. |
| analysis of styrene content in styrene tar | headspace chromatography is adopted. after the sample is in headspace and has a gas-liquid equilibrium at 90 ℃ for 20 min, 1 mL of headspace air is sucked for chromatographic determination. the method is simple to operate, fast in analysis speed and is not interfered by various volatile organic compounds. |
| production method | ethylbenzene is used as raw material. in the presence of iron trioxide (or aluminum)-based T-315 platinum catalyst, styrene is dehydrogenated to form styrene at a temperature of 550-560 ℃ and then rectified to purify more than 99.5% refined styrene. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 2650 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 316 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | skin-rabbit 5000 mg mild; Eye-rabbit 100 mg/24 hours moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosion hazard when mixed with air or out of control of peroxide polymerization |
| flammability hazard characteristics | it is more flammable in case of open flame, high temperature and oxidant; Combustion produces stimulating smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Store separately from oxidants and acids; It is not suitable to store for a long time to prevent polymerization |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent |
| occupational standard | TWA 210 mg/m3; STEL 420 mg/m3 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 914 °F |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentration | 700 ppm |
Last Update：2024-05-08 11:45:53
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Raw Materials for STYROL
Downstream Products for STYROL