trihydroxypropane
Glycerin
CAS: 56-81-5
Molecular Formula: C3H8O3
trihydroxypropane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Glycerin |
| Synonyms | Glyceol Glycerol Glycerin Emery 912 Glycerine D-glycerol glyceritol L-glycerol Propanetriol Glycerin USP Glycerin mist glycyl alcohol glycerin(mist) trihydroxypropane glycerin,anhydrous 1,2,3-propanetriol glycerin,synthetic Glycerin, anhydrous Polyhydric alcohols propane-1,1,1-triol Glycerin, synthetic 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane |
| CAS | 56-81-5 |
| EINECS | 200-289-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C3H8O3/c1-2-3(4,5)6/h4-6H,2H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
trihydroxypropane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H8O3 |
| Molar Mass | 92.09 |
| Density | 1.25 g/mL(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 20°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 290 °C |
| Specific Rotation(α) | n20/D 1.474 (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 320°F |
| JECFA Number | 909 |
| Water Solubility | >500 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | It is miscible in alcohol, miscible with water, insoluble in chloroform, ether, and oil. |
| Vapor Presure | <1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.1 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Clear Viscous Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.265 (15/15℃)1.262 |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | Odorless. |
| Exposure Limit | OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04'] |
| Merck | 14,4484 |
| BRN | 635685 |
| pKa | 14.15(at 25℃) |
| PH | 5.5-8 (25℃, 5M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with perchloric acid, lead oxide, acetic anhydride, nitrobenzene, chlorine, peroxides, strong acids, strong bases. Combustible. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 2.6-11.3%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.474(lit.) |
| MDL | MFCD00004722 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous liquid, sweet, with hygroscopicity. The solubility is miscible with water and ethanol, and the aqueous solution is neutral. Dissolve in 11 times of ethyl acetate, about 500 times of ether. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oil. |
| Use | Used as basic organic chemical raw materials, widely used in medicine, food, daily chemical, textile, paper, paint and other industries |
trihydroxypropane - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36 - Irritating to the eyes R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 1282 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | MA8050000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29054500 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats (ml/kg): >20 orally; 4.4 i.v. (Bartsch) |
trihydroxypropane - Upstream Downstream Industry
trihydroxypropane - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid. Sweet. Strong hygroscopicity. Can absorb hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, sulfur dioxide. Miscible with water and ethanol, 1 part of the product can be dissolved in 11 ethyl acetate, about 500 parts of ether, insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, oils. It is easy to be dehydrated and lose water to produce diglycerols and polyglycerols. The oxidation generates glyceraldehyde and glyceric acid, etc. Solidification at 0 °c, the formation of a flash of orthorhombic crystals. At temperatures around 150 °c, polymerization occurs. With anhydrous acetic anhydride, potassium permanganate, strong acid, corrosion agent, fatty amine, isocyanate, oxidant is not compatible.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
trihydroxypropane - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
Industrial glycerol diluted with an appropriate amount of water, through ion exchange, and vacuum distillation dehydration, plus activated carbon adsorption decolorization, filtration to remove activated carbon is pure.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
trihydroxypropane - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 1,2, 3-propanetriol. The content of C3H80 3 shall not be less than 95.0% calculated as anhydrous.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
trihydroxypropane - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is colorless, clear viscous liquid; Sweet taste; Hygroscopicity; Aqueous solution (1 -10) shows neutral reaction.
- This product is miscible with water or ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, and insoluble in three gas methane or ether.
relative density
The relative density of this product (General rule 0601) in 2 5 t: when not less than 1. 257.
refractive index
The refractive index of this product (General 0622) should be 1.470~1.475.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:21
trihydroxypropane - Introduction
Soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon disulfide, and easily absorb water in the air. It has a warm sweet taste. It can absorb moisture from the air, as well as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide and sulfur dioxide. Neutral to litmus. Long-term at a low temperature of 0 ℃, strong oxidants such as chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, and potassium permanganate can cause combustion and explosion. Can be arbitrarily miscible with water and ethanol, 1 part of this product can be soluble in 11 parts of ethyl acetate, about 500 parts of ether, insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether and oils. Median lethal dose (rat, oral)>20ml/kg. It's irritating.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:26:24
trihydroxypropane - Application
Open Data Verified Data
gas chromatography stationary liquid. The boron complexing agent was measured. Used as a solvent, lubricant, cosmetic formulation and pharmaceutical industry.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
trihydroxypropane - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with the spectrum of the control (Spectrum set 7 7 figure).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:22
trihydroxypropane - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50: 20mL/kg * intravenous LDso:4.4mL/kg. Stored in a cool, dry place.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:25:12
trihydroxypropane - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pH
take 25.0g of this product, dilute to 50ml with water, mix well, add phenolphthalein indicator solution 0.5m l, the solution should be colorless, add 0. lm o l/L sodium hydroxide solution 0 .2 m l, the solution should be pink.
Color
take 50ml of this product, put it in 50ml Nessler's colorimetric tube, and compare it with the control solution (take 0. 2 m l potassium dichromate solution for color comparison, and dilute it to 50ml).
chloride
take this product & 0g, check according to law (General rule 0801), compared with the standard sodium chloride solution 7. 5m made of the control solution, not more concentrated (0. 0015%).
sulfate
Take 10g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0802). Compared with the control solution made of 2. Oral standard potassium sulfate solution, it should not be more concentrated (0.002%).
aldehydes and reducing substances
take about l g of this product, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, add 25ml of water to dissolve, and add the newly prepared 10% methyl benzothiazolone hydrochloride hydrazone solution (0. 0 2M o l/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the p H value to 4. 0. Add 5ml of freshly prepared 0 .5% ferric chloride solution, shake well, stand still for 5 minutes, dilute to the scale with methanol, and shake well. According to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General rule 0401), determine the absorbance at the wavelength of 655nm, and the absorbance of the test solution shall not be greater than that of the reference solution [formaldehyde (CH20) per lm l] 5 .0mg] 2. The absorbance of l 0m after treatment with the same method.
fine
Take 5.0g of this product, add 5ml of water, mix well, add dilute sulfuric acid lm l, put on a water bath and heat for 5 minutes, add 2xnol/L sodium hydroxide solution without carbonate 3 m l, copper sulfate test solution lm l was added dropwise, mixed well, should be blue clear solution, continue to heat on the water bath for 5 minutes, the solution should remain blue, no precipitation.
gallic acid and lipids
Take 40g of this product, add new boiling cold water 40ml, and then add sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. ltn o l/L ) 10ml, shake well, boil for 5 minutes, let cool, add phenolphthalein indicator liquid several drops, with hydrochloric acid titration liquid (0. lm o l/L) titration until the red turtle disappears, and the results of the titration are corrected with a blank test. Consumption of sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/L) should not exceed 4.0 ml.
easily carbonized
take 4.0g of this product, and add 5ml of human sulfuric acid Dropwise under shaking. During the process, the temperature should not exceed 20°C. After standing for 1 hour, if the color is developed, with the same volume of control solution (take the gasification cobalt solution for colorimetric 0.2ml, colorimetric potassium dichromate solution 1 .6M l with water 8 .2M l made) comparison, not deeper.
Related substances
take about 10g of this product, precision weighing, 25ml measuring flask, precision plus internal standard solution (containing 0 .5M g of N-hexanol in methanol) 5m U was dissolved in methanol and diluted to the scale as a test solution. Take the appropriate amount of diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propanediol, weigh them precisely, dissolve them with methanol and dilute them to make the contents of diglycol, ethylene glycol and 1 in each l m l, 2-propanediol 0.5 m g of the solution, the precision of 5ml, put the 25ml measuring flask, precision plus the internal standard solution 5 m l, diluted to the scale with fermentation, as a reference solution. Separately take the appropriate amount of diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, n-hexanol and glycerin, weigh it precisely, dissolve and dilute it with methanol to make 400mg of glycerin per lm l, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, n-hexanol 0. lm g solution, as the system suitability solution, according to Gas chromatography (General 0521), with 6% cyanopropylphenyl-94% dimethyl polysiloxane as the stationary liquid (or polar similar stationary liquid) capillary column, program l-f, starting at 100TTC, for 4 minutes, ramp up to 1 20°C at a rate of 50 t per minute, for 10 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 220°C at a rate of 50°C per minute for 20 minutes; The temperature of the injection port is 200°C, and the temperature of the detector is 250°C, the chromatogram was recorded at least twice the retention time of the main peak. Take the system applicability test solution 1M1, inject into the gas chromatograph, record the chromatogram, and the separation degree between the chromatographic peaks of each component shall meet the requirements. The relative standard deviation of the ratio of the peak area of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol to the peak area of the internal standard shall not be more than 5% after repeated injection of the reference solution. Accurately take the test solution and the reference solution I # , inject human gas chromatography, record the chromatogram, according to the internal standard method to calculate the peak area, the test product containing diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol shall not exceed 0.025%; containing 1,2-propylene glycol shall not exceed 0.1%; If there are other impurity peaks, the internal standard peak is subtracted and calculated by area normalization method, the single unknown impurity shall not exceed 0.1%; The total amount of impurities (including diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propanediol) should not exceed 1.0%.
moisture
take this product, according to the determination of moisture (General rule 0832 first method 1), the water content shall not exceed.
ignition residue
Take 20. 0g of this product, heat to spontaneous combustion, stop heating, after burning is completed, cool, check according to law (General rule 0841), residue shall not pass 2mg.
ammonium salt
take 4.0g of this product, add 5ml of 10% potassium hydroxide solution, mix well, place at 60°C for 5 minutes, and ammonia odor will not occur.
Iron Salt
take this product 10. 0G, check according to law (General rule 0807) and standard iron solution 2. 0M l made of control liquid comparison, not deeper (0.0002%).
Heavy metals
take this product 5.0g, inspection according to law (General 0821), containing heavy metals shall not exceed 2 parts per million.
arsenic salt
take 6.65g of this product, add 23ml of water and 5m l of hydrochloric acid, and check according to law (General rule 0822, the first law), shall comply with the provisions (0.000 03%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:23
trihydroxypropane - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about O. lg, precision weighing, add water 45ml, mix well, Precision Add 2. 14% Sodium periodate solution 2 5 m l, shake well, after 15 minutes in the dark, add 50% (g /m l) ethylene glycol solution 1 0 m l, shake well, place it in the dark for 20 minutes, add 0.5 of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.1 M o l/L) titration to red, no fading in 30 seconds, and the results of the titration were corrected with a blank test. Each lm l sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/ IJ is equivalent to 9.21 mg of C3 H80 3.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:24
trihydroxypropane - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, solvents and suspending agents.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:24
trihydroxypropane - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed and stored in a dry place.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:25
trihydroxypropane - Attention
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product can form a complex with boric acid, which will decompose and release toxic acrolein. It may be subject to explosion with strong oxidant, and will turn black by light or contact with basic bismuth nitrate and oxidant.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:21:25
trihydroxypropane - Glycerin suppositories
Authoritative Data Verified Data
preparation method
take the glycerin, heat it to 120°C in a steam sandwich pan, add the dried sodium stearate, stir constantly, dissolve it, and keep it at 85-95°C until the solution is clear, filtering, casting, cooling into a walk, demoulding, ready to get.
trait
This product is colorless or almost colorless transparent or translucent plug.
examination
In addition to not checking the melting time limit, the other items should be consistent with the relevant provisions under The suppository (General 0107).
category
lubricating laxative.
storage
sealed and stored at 30°C or less.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:34:18
trihydroxypropane - Glycerol Fructose and Sodium Chloride Injection
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is a sterile aqueous solution containing glycerol, fructose and sodium chloride. Glycerol (C3H8O3) shall be 90.0% to 110.0% of label amount and fructose (C6H1206) and sodium chloride (NaCI) shall be 93.0% to 107.0% of label amount.
prescription
glycerol 100g
Fructose 50g
Sodium chloride 9g
Appropriate amount of water for injection
Full Volume 1000ml
trait
This product is a clear colorless liquid.
identification
- take 10ml of this product, add 0.lg of resorcinol and 1ml of hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath for 3 minutes, should be red.
- in the chromatogram recorded under the content determination item, the retention time of the three main peaks of the test solution should be consistent with the retention time of the corresponding three main peaks of the control solution.
- identification reaction of sodium salt of this product (General rule 0301) ^
- This product chloride identification (1) of the reaction (General 0301).
examination
- the pH value should be 3.0 to 6.0 (General 0631).
- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural take 5.0 of this product, add water to 20.0m l, shake well, measure absorbance at the wavelength of 284nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (General rule 0401), absorbance should not exceed 0. 80.
- take 50ml of heavy metal, put it in an evaporation dish, heat and evaporate it to 20ml, add 2ml of buffer solution (pH3.5) and an appropriate amount of water to make it to 25ml, and check it according to law (General rule 0821, Law 1), heavy metals should not exceed two-per-million.
- arsenic salt take 4ml of this product, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid and 19ml of water, check according to law (General rule 0822 first law), should comply with the provisions (0.000).
- osmolality this product shall be taken and checked according to law (General rule 0632). The ratio of osmolality of this product shall be 6.5-7.5.
- pyrogen to take this product, according to the law (General rule 1142), the dose of rabbit body weight per lkg slow injection of 10ml, should comply with the provisions.
- sterile take this product, using membrane filtration method, with Staphylococcus aureus as positive control bacteria, according to the law (General Principles 1101), should comply with the provisions.
- others should comply with the relevant provisions under injection (General 0102).
Content determination
- measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
- chromatographic conditions and system suitability test using sulfonic acid type polystyrene and divinylbenzene copolymer cation exchange resin H type as filler; 0.04mol/L phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase; the column temperature was 50°C and the detection wavelength was 200nm. The order of peak emergence is gasification sodium, fructose and glycerol in turn. The number of theoretical plates shall be no less than 2500 based on the sodium chloride peak. The degree of separation between peaks shall meet the requirements.
- precision measurement 5ml of this product is placed in a 100ml measuring flask, diluted to the scale with mobile phase, and then shaken to be used as a sample solution. 20ul of the precision measurement is taken and the human liquid chromatograph is injected, record the chromatogram; Take the appropriate amount of gasification sodium, fructose and glycerin respectively, weigh them accurately, put them in the same measuring flask, dissolve them with water and dilute them quantitatively, and make them into 9mg/lml respectively, 50mg and lOOmg mixed solution, Take 5ml precision, 100ml flask, diluted with mobile phase to the scale, shake, the same method. According to the external standard method to calculate the peak area, that is.
category
dehydration drugs.
specification
(l)250ml (2) 500ml
storage
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:34:19
trihydroxypropane - Reference Information
| Update Date: | 2022/11/11 21:27:28 |
| FEMA | 2525 | GLYCEROL |
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 5.5 - 8 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| effect and efficacy of glycerol | glycerol can lubricate and irritate the intestinal wall, soften stool and make it easy to discharge. And dehydration, and sodium ascorbate into compound injection intravenous administration, can reduce intraocular pressure. External use has hygroscopic effect, and the local tissue softening. Can dissolve borax, boric acid, phenol, nucleic acid, salicylic acid, etc. Mainly used for children and the elderly and infirm constipation, general brain edema rescue, glaucoma treatment, winter chapped skin and peeling. |
| esterification of glycerol | glycerol and fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) are esterified to form glycerides. In the reaction, the hydroxyl group can be gradually esterified to form monoglyceride C3H5(OH)2(OCOR), Diglyceride C3H5(OH)(OCOR)2 and triglyceride C3H5(OCOR)3: FIG. 2 is an esterification diagram of glycerol. an important method for the preparation of monoglycerides and diglycerides in industry is to directly react an oil ester with glycerol to obtain a mixture of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, the monoglycerides were separated by distillation. Monoglycerides with purity up to 90% were obtained by this method. In the experiment, the fatty acid is subjected to an acid chloride and then reacted with glycerol to produce a glyceride. glycerol and mineral acids can also undergo esterification, most importantly with nitric acid. Glycerol is added dropwise to the mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid under strict cooling to form glyceryl trinitrate (see "glyceryl nitrate"). |
| side effects | glycerin non-toxic, oral high-dose can cause Head Pain, dizziness, thirst, Nausea, Vomit, Diarrhea, but the symptoms are mild and can disappear after bed rest. |
| content analysis | preparation of Sodium periodate solution sodium carbonate (NaIO4)60g, dissolve in an aqueous solution containing 120ml of 0.1mol/L sulfur mash, and set the volume to 1000ml with water, without heating when dissolving. If the solution is not clear, it is filtered through a sintered glass funnel. The solution was stored in a light-shielded container with a glass plug. The applicability of the test solution was tested as follows. Take 10ml into a 250ml measuring flask and mix with water. About 550mg of glycerol was dissolved in 50ml of water, and 50ml of the above dilute periodic acid solution was added with a pipette. Another 50ml of dilute periodic acid solution was added to a flask containing 50ml of water as a control. Each solution was allowed to stand for 30min, and 5ml of hydrochloric acid and 10ml of potassium iodide test solution (TS-192) were added to each solution, followed by mixing with rotation. Then stand for 5min, add 100ml of water, titrate with 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution, shake constantly, add several drops of starch test solution (TS-235) immediately to the end point, and then titrate to the end point. The volume ratio of 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate consumed for glycerol/periodate mixture and blank test solution, if it is between 0.750 and 0.765, will meet the applicable requirements. accurately weigh about 400mg of sample, put it into a 600ml beaker, add 50ml of water to dilute, and add bromothymol test solution (TS-56) A few drops, and 0.2mol/L sulfuric acid to a clear green or green yellow. Neutralized with 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide to a clear blue endpoint (no green). The neutralization was carried out with an additional 50ml of water as described above as a blank test. 50ml of the above Sodium periodate solution was pipetted, added to each beaker, mixed with slow shaking, covered with a surface dish, and left at room temperature (not exceeding 35 ° C.) for 30min in the dark or in the dark. 10ml of a mixed solution composed of ethylene glycol and water of equal capacity was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 30min. Each solution was diluted to about 300ml with water. Titrate the sample solution to pH 4.0±0.1 with 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide using a pH meter previously calibrated with a standard buffer solution of phthalic acid (salt) at pH, the blank sample was titrated to pH 6.5±0.1. Each mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is equivalent to 9.210mg of glycerol (C3H8O3) corrected by blank sample. |
| toxicity | ADI value is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). LD5025g/kg (rat, oral). In vivo, it can be hydrolyzed and oxidized into nutrients, and even if l00g is administered in a dilute solution, it is harmless, but in a very large amount, ethanol may act as anesthetic and cause hyperglycemia. GRAS(t}DA,§ 182.1320,2000). |
| usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984,g/kg): Gotha cheese 5; Edible ice and iced beverage 50. FEMA(mg/kg): Soft drink 570; Cold drink 500; Candy 980; Baked goods 1300; Pudding 360; Gum 17~6000; Meat 40; Cake flower 23000. GB 2760-96: gum base is limited to GMP. GB 2760-2002: candy, chocolate and chocolate products, GMP. |
| Use | water retention agent (for bread, cake); Carrier solvent (for spices, pigments, water-insoluble preservatives, etc.); thickeners (for beverages, wine, etc.); Plasticizers (candy, dessert, meat products); Sweeteners. EEC regulations can be used for alcoholic beverages, candy, cake, coating, meat and cheese coating, non-alcoholic beverages, baked goods, gum, gelatin sweets, etc. glycerol is an important basic organic raw material, which is widely used in industry, medicine and daily life. At present, there are about 1700 kinds of uses, mainly used in medicine, cosmetics, alkyd resin, tobacco, food, drink acid resin, serulo and explosives, textile printing and dyeing, etc. The consumption of fuel consumption in the fields of alkyd resin, celrole and explosives is on the decline. But in medicine, cosmetics, food applications will continue to grow. A nutrient source can be formed after hydrolysis in the body. Also widely used in textile, food, paper, metal processing, paint, daily chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, tobacco, military and other enterprises. gas chromatography stationary liquid chemical storage liquid |
| production method | the industrial production method of glycerol can be divided into two categories: the method of using natural oil as raw material, the resulting glycerol is commonly known as natural glycerol; The synthesis of propylene as a raw material, the resulting glycerol is commonly known as synthetic glycerol. 1. Production of natural glycerol prior to 1984, glycerol was recovered entirely from by-products of animal and vegetable fats for soap production. Up to now, natural oil is still the main raw material for the production of glycerol, about 42% of the natural glycerol in the base is obtained from the soap by-product, and 58% from the production of fatty acids. Saponification of oils and fats in the soap-making industry. The saponification reaction product is divided into two layers: the upper layer is mainly containing fatty acid sodium salt (soap) and a small amount of glycerol, the lower layer is waste alkali liquid, which is a dilute solution of glycerol containing salts and sodium hydroxide, generally containing 9-16% glycerol, inorganic salt 8-20%. Lipid reaction. Oil hydrolysis of glycerol water (also known as Sweet Water), the glycerol content is higher than soap wastewater, about 14-20%, 0-0.2% of inorganic salts. In recent years, continuous high pressure hydrolysis has been widely used, the reaction does not use a catalyst, the obtained sweet water generally does not contain inorganic acid, and the purification method is simpler than the waste alkali solution. Whether it is soap-making waste liquid, or the amount of glycerin contained in glycerin water obtained by hydrolysis of oil is not high, and all contain various impurities. The production process of natural glycerin includes purification and concentration to obtain crude glycerin, as well as crude glycerol distillation, decolorization, Deodorization of the refining process. This process is described in detail in some publications. 2. Production of synthetic glycerol the various pathways for the synthesis of glycerol from propylene can be grouped into two broad categories, namely chlorination and oxidation. Now the industry is still in use of propylene chloride and propylene from acetic acid oxidation. (1) propylene chloride method this is the most important production method in the synthesis of glycerol, including four steps, namely, propylene high temperature chlorination, chloropropene hypochlorous acid, dichloropropanol saponification and epichlorohydrin hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of Epichlorohydrin to glycerol is carried out in an aqueous solution of 150 hydrogen oxidation and 1% sodium carbonate at 10% ℃ and 1.37MPa carbon dioxide pressure, glycerol aqueous solution containing sodium chloride with a glycerol content of 5-20% is formed, and glycerol with a purity of more than 98% is obtained by concentration, desalting and distillation. (2) propylene peracetic acid oxidation of propylene and peracetic acid reaction synthesis of propylene oxide, propylene oxide isomerization of propylene oxide to ene for propanol. The latter is then reacted with peracetic acid to produce epoxypropanol (I. E. Glycidol), which is finally hydrolyzed to glycerol. The production of Peracetic acid does not need a catalyst, acetaldehyde and oxygen gas phase oxidation, under the conditions of atmospheric pressure, 150-160 ℃, contact time 24s, acetaldehyde conversion rate of 11%, peracetic acid selectivity of 83%. The latter two reactions are carried out continuously in a reaction distillation column of a special structure. After the raw material allyl alcohol and the ethyl acetate solution containing peracetic acid were fed to the column, the column kettle was controlled at 60-70 ° C. And 13-20kPa. The ethyl acetate solvent and water were distilled from the top of the column, and an aqueous glycerol solution was obtained from the column. The selectivity and yield of this method are higher, using peracetic acid as oxidant, no catalyst can be used, the reaction speed is faster, and the process is simplified. Production of 1T glycerol consumed 1.001T of allyl alcohol, 1.184T of Peracetic acid and 0.947T of by-product acetic acid. At present, the production of natural glycerol and synthetic glycerol accounted for almost 50%, and propylene chloride accounted for about 80% of the production of glycerol. China's natural glycerol accounted for more than 90% of the total output. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50:26000 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 4090 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbits 500 mg/24 h mild; eye-rabbit 126 mg mild |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive interaction with chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate and potassium permanganate |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand, water mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 15 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 698 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-06-07 11:03:20
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View History
Raw Materials for trihydroxypropane
Downstream Products for trihydroxypropane