柠檬酸, ACS级
柠檬酸(Citric acid)
CAS: 77-92-9
化学式: C6H8O7
性质
柠檬酸分无水物和一水合物两种。半透明晶体或白色细粉结晶。无臭，有强酸味。干燥或加热到40～50℃成为无水物，无水物在干燥空气中易风化，微有潮解性．75℃变软．100℃熔融。相对密度1. 542(-水合物)和1.67(无水物)。易溶于水（一水合物209g]lOOmL，25℃;无水物59. 2g/lOOmL，20℃；1%溶液的pH值为2.31)和乙醇，溶于乙醚。天然品存在于柠檬等柑橘类水果中。粉体与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。
制法
以砂糖、糖蜜、淀粉、淀粉渣或葡萄糖为原料，经发酵、分离、提纯制得。
用途
柠檬酸有较强的螯合作用，它能够络合Fe3+，削弱Fe3+对腐蚀的促进作用。可去除铁、铜等金属氧化物垢，操作简便、安全，适用于多种材质。由于分子中不含c1-故不会引起设备的应力腐蚀，用作清洗剂，柠檬酸比盐酸对钢铁腐蚀率小。柠檬酸以清除铁锈为主，对钙、镁、硅垢溶解性较差，故主要用于清洗新建的大型装置。柠檬酸不能清除钙镁水垢和硅酸盐水垢，但是，柠檬酸与氨基磺酸、羟基乙酸或甲酸混合使用，可用来清洗铁锈和钙镁垢柠檬酸与EDTA混用，可用来清洗换热器。在柠檬酸清洗液中加入的缓蚀剂主要是硫脲，用量为0. 1%，也可以用0.06%的硫脲与其他缓蚀剂混合使用。另外，还可以用于医药领域，柠檬酸钠盐可防止血液凝固，钙盐可用作胃的解酸剂，钡盐有毒。
安全性
小鼠、大鼠腹膜内注射LD50：5. Ommol/kg、4.6mmol/kg。柠檬酸浓溶液对黏膜有刺激作用。储存于阴凉、通风仓库内。远离火种、热源。容器密封。应与氧化剂分开存放。
| 中文名 | 柠檬酸 |
| 英文名 | Citric acid |
| 别名 | 枸橼酸 柠檬酸 柠檬酸酐 无水柠檬酸 枸橼酸,无水 柠檬酸标准品 柠檬酸(无水) 无水柠檬酸标准品 柠檬酸, ACS级 柠檬酸 无水,含水 3-羟基-3-羧基戍二酸 3-羟基-3-羧基戊二酸 柠檬酸, 无水, ACS级 2-羟基丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸 |
| 英文别名 | BETZ 0623 BETZ 6251 Citric acid Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydride BUFFER CONCENTRATE, PH 9.00 BUFFER CONCENTRATE, PH 8.00 BUFFER CONCENTRATE, PH 7.00 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid BORIC ACID-POTASSIUM CHLORIDE-SODIUM HYDROXIDE BUFFER Citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2 hydroxy-citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade |
| CAS | 77-92-9 |
| EINECS | 201-069-1 |
| 化学式 | C6H8O7 |
| 分子量 | 192.12 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/p-3 |
| InChIKey | KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| 密度 | 1.67 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| 熔点 | 153-159 °C (lit.) |
| 沸点 | 248.08°C (rough estimate) |
| 闪点 | 100 °C |
| 水溶性 | soluble in Water (1174g/L at 10°C, 1809g/L at 30°C, 3825g/L at 80°C). |
| 蒸汽压 | <0.1 hPa (20 °C) |
| 蒸汽密度 | 7.26 (vs air) |
| JECFA Number | 218 |
| 溶解度 | 柠檬酸还在15 °C下溶解于绝对 (无水) 乙醇 (76份柠檬酸/100份乙醇) 中。 |
| 折射率 | 1.493~1.509 |
| 酸度系数 | 3.14(at 20℃) |
| PH值 | 3.24(1 mM solution);2.62(10 mM solution);2.08(100 mM solution); |
| 存储条件 | 2-8°C |
| 稳定性 | 稳定。与碱、强氧化剂、还原剂、金属硝酸盐不相容。 |
| 敏感性 | Hygroscopic |
| 外观 | 砂砾 |
| 颜色 | White |
| 气味 | Odorless |
| 最大波长(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.20', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.10'] |
| Merck | 14,2326 |
| BRN | 782061 |
| 爆炸极限值 | 8%, 65°F |
| 物化性质 | 白色半透明晶体或粉末。 易溶于水和乙醇，溶于乙醚。 |
| MDL号 | MFCD00011669 |
| 危险品标志 | Xi - 刺激性物品 C - 腐蚀性物品  T - 有毒物品  |
| 风险术语 | R41 - 对眼睛有严重伤害。 R36/37/38 - 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。 R36/38 - 刺激眼睛和皮肤。 R37/38 - 刺激呼吸系统和皮肤+B52。 R34 - 引起灼伤。 R36 - 刺激眼睛。 R35 - 引起严重灼伤。 R61 - 可能对胎儿造成伤害。 R60 - 可能损害生育能力。 |
| 安全术语 | S26 - 不慎与眼睛接触后，请立即用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。 S39 - 戴护目镜或面具。 S37/39 - 戴适当的手套和护目镜或面具。 S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 S36/37/39 - 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和护目镜或面具。 S45 - 若发生事故或感不适，立即就医(可能的话，出示其标签)。 S36 - 穿戴适当的防护服。 S53 - 避免接触，使用前须获得特别指示说明。 |
| 危险品运输编号 | UN 1789 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | GE7350000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 9 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| 海关编号 | 2918 14 00 |
| 上游原料 | 淀粉 硫酸 氢氧化钠 碳酸钙 盐酸 淀粉 |
| 下游产品 | 4,4'-二氨基二苯醚 乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯 柠檬酸三铵 柠檬酸氢铵 |
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柠檬酸, ACS级 - 性质
可信数据
柠檬酸分无水物和一水合物两种。半透明晶体或白色细粉结晶。无臭，有强酸味。干燥或加热到40～50℃成为无水物，无水物在干燥空气中易风化，微有潮解性．75℃变软．100℃熔融。相对密度1. 542(-水合物)和1.67(无水物)。易溶于水（一水合物209g]lOOmL，25℃;无水物59. 2g/lOOmL，20℃；1%溶液的pH值为2.31)和乙醇，溶于乙醚。天然品存在于柠檬等柑橘类水果中。粉体与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。
最后更新：2024-01-02 23:10:35
柠檬酸, ACS级 - 制法
可信数据
以砂糖、糖蜜、淀粉、淀粉渣或葡萄糖为原料，经发酵、分离、提纯制得。
最后更新：2022-01-01 09:29:46
柠檬酸, ACS级 - 用途
可信数据
柠檬酸有较强的螯合作用，它能够络合Fe3+，削弱Fe3+对腐蚀的促进作用。可去除铁、铜等金属氧化物垢，操作简便、安全，适用于多种材质。由于分子中不含c1-故不会引起设备的应力腐蚀，用作清洗剂，柠檬酸比盐酸对钢铁腐蚀率小。柠檬酸以清除铁锈为主，对钙、镁、硅垢溶解性较差，故主要用于清洗新建的大型装置。柠檬酸不能清除钙镁水垢和硅酸盐水垢，但是，柠檬酸与氨基磺酸、羟基乙酸或甲酸混合使用，可用来清洗铁锈和钙镁垢柠檬酸与EDTA混用，可用来清洗换热器。在柠檬酸清洗液中加入的缓蚀剂主要是硫脲，用量为0. 1%，也可以用0.06%的硫脲与其他缓蚀剂混合使用。另外，还可以用于医药领域，柠檬酸钠盐可防止血液凝固，钙盐可用作胃的解酸剂，钡盐有毒。
最后更新：2022-01-01 09:29:47
柠檬酸, ACS级 - 安全性
可信数据
小鼠、大鼠腹膜内注射LD50：5. Ommol/kg、4.6mmol/kg。柠檬酸浓溶液对黏膜有刺激作用。储存于阴凉、通风仓库内。远离火种、热源。容器密封。应与氧化剂分开存放。
最后更新：2022-01-01 09:29:47
柠檬酸, ACS级 - 简介
柠檬酸是一种有机酸。它是无色无味的结晶粉末，溶于水和乙醇。
柠檬酸的主要用途有以下几点：
清洁剂：具有清洁和溶解效果，常用于洗涤剂、洗手液和洗洁精等产品中。
柠檬酸的制法主要有两种常见方法：
通过发酵：利用柠檬酸菌的发酵作用，将含有蔗糖或淀粉的物质（例如糖蜜、麦芽等）进行发酵，最后经过提取和结晶得到柠檬酸。
通过化学合成：利用化学反应合成柠檬酸，常用的原料有甲醇、乙烯和氧化剂等。
在正常用量下，柠檬酸通常是安全的，但过量摄入可能会引起胃痛、呕吐、腹泻等消化道不适症状。
在使用柠檬酸时，应遵循正确的使用方法和剂量，不得滥用。
柠檬酸是一种不可燃物质，但在高温下可能分解释放有毒气体，应避免与强氧化剂接触。
柠檬酸的主要用途有以下几点：
清洁剂：具有清洁和溶解效果，常用于洗涤剂、洗手液和洗洁精等产品中。
柠檬酸的制法主要有两种常见方法：
通过发酵：利用柠檬酸菌的发酵作用，将含有蔗糖或淀粉的物质（例如糖蜜、麦芽等）进行发酵，最后经过提取和结晶得到柠檬酸。
通过化学合成：利用化学反应合成柠檬酸，常用的原料有甲醇、乙烯和氧化剂等。
在正常用量下，柠檬酸通常是安全的，但过量摄入可能会引起胃痛、呕吐、腹泻等消化道不适症状。
在使用柠檬酸时，应遵循正确的使用方法和剂量，不得滥用。
柠檬酸是一种不可燃物质，但在高温下可能分解释放有毒气体，应避免与强氧化剂接触。
最后更新：2024-04-09 19:05:15
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