日本Kitasat研究所从土样中分离的Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680(即NRRL-8165)菌株的发酵代谢产物。
微生物源杀虫杀螨剂,对害虫和螨类以胃毒作用为主,兼有触杀及微弱的熏蒸作用,无内吸作用。可用于防治蔬菜食叶性害虫如菜青虫、小菜蛾、潜叶蝇等,使用剂量为11~22g/hmz.在药液中加入石蜡油可以显著提高药效;可防治螨类,使用剂量为5.6~28g/hm2;防治钻蛀性害虫如棉铃虫、烟青虫等,用1. 8%乳油750~1500mL/hm2加水喷雾;防治梨木虱,用1.8%乳油750~1500mL/
hm2;防治土壤根结线虫,用1.8%乳油9000~12000mL/hmz。也可作为防治家畜体内外寄生虫的驱虫剂。
大鼠急性经口LD50为lOmg/kg,小鼠急性经口LD50为13. 6mg/kg,兔急性经皮LD50大于2000mg/kg。水生生物LC50 (96h,ug/L):虹鳟鱼3.2,蓝鳃太阳鱼9.6,粉虾1.6,蓝蟹153;对蜜蜂高毒;对鸟类急性经口LD50( mg/kg):野鸭84.6,北美鹑大于2000;水土中被微生物迅速降解,无生物富集现象。阿维菌素的急性口服毒性较高,但由于其用量极低,故对人畜、对环境都十分安全。
阿维菌素原药应用清洁、干燥、内衬塑料袋的钢桶或纸板桶包装,每桶净含量应不大于25kg。阿维菌素乳油应用带有内塞及外盖的棕色玻璃瓶、铝瓶或氟化瓶包装,每瓶净含量为50g( mL)、lOOg(mL)、250g( mL)、500g( mL);外包装用钙塑箱或瓦楞纸箱,每箱净含量应不超过15kg。包装件应贮存在通风、干燥的库房中。贮运时严防潮湿和日晒,不得与食物、种子、饲料混放,避免与皮肤、眼睛接触,防止由口鼻吸入。
中文名 | 阿维菌素 |
英文名 | Abamectin |
别名 | 阿灵 克螨灵 杀虫素 阿巴汀 齐螨素 白螨净 爱弗菌素 辛阿乳油 阿维菌素 阿佛菌素 阿维菌素精品 阿维菌素原料药 依维菌素杂质1 阿维菌素 B1a 伊维菌素EP杂质A 甲醇中阿维菌素标准溶液 |
英文别名 | Avid Zephyr Affirm Acimic Abacide Dynamec Agri-Mek Abamectin Dynamec(R) Bermectine Abamectine Avermectin Avermectins AGRI-MEK(R) ABERMECTINS Avermectin B Abamectin soL abamectin B1a Avermectin B1 avermectin B1b avermectin B1a avermectin b1a Antibiotic C-076B1a Purity of AbaMectin 5-O-DemethylAvermectin A1a 5-o-demethyl-avermectin a1 AverMectin A1a,5-O-deMethyl- AbaMectin (AverMectin B1)(FDA) Mixture of abamectin B1a and B1b Abamectin Solution in Acetonitrile AverMectin B1a-AverMectin B1b Mixt. Mixture of Avermectin B1a and Avermectin B1b Ivermectin Impurity 1(Ivermectin EP Impurity A) 5-O-demethylavermectin A1a (i) mixture with 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-25-(1-methylethyl)avermectin A1a (ii) (5'S,6S,6'R,7S,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-6'-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranoside (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside |
CAS | 71751-41-2 73989-17-0 65195-55-3 |
EINECS | 200-096-6 |
化学式 | C49H74O14 |
分子量 | 887.11 |
InChI | InChI=1/C48H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38/h12-15,17-19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16,20-24H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15-,32-14-/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+/m0/s1 |
InChIKey | GVWIWZFXCGTSLL-MSTMYQEVSA-N |
密度 | 1.16 |
熔点 | 150-155°C |
沸点 | 717.52°C (rough estimate) |
比旋光度 | D +55.7 ±2° (c = 0.87 in CHCl3) |
闪点 | 150°C |
水溶性 | 0.007-0.01 mg l-1 (20 °C) |
蒸汽压 | -7 Pa |
溶解度 | 溶于DMSO |
折射率 | 1.6130 (estimate) |
酸度系数 | 12.42±0.70(Predicted) |
存储条件 | Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C |
外观 | 整洁 |
Merck | 13,2 |
物化性质 | 外观为淡黄色至白色结晶粉末,无味。m.p.155~157℃,蒸气压2×10-7Pa,相对密度1.16(21℃)。21℃时溶解度为:甲苯350g/L、丙酮100g/L、异丙醇70g/L、氯仿25g/L、乙醇20g/L、甲醇19.5g/L、环己烷6g/L、煤油0.5g/L、水10μg/L。分配系数9.9×103。正常条件下稳定,pH值5~9时不会水解。 |
MDL号 | MFCD01769550 |
体外研究 | [ 3 H]AVM B1a preferentially binds to synaptic membranes from several regions of rat brain. [ 3 H]AVM B1a specific binding to intact monolayers of granule cells increases rapidly with time of incubation and reaches equilibrium after approximately 20 min at 24°C. Higher concentrations of [ 3 H]AVM B1a leads to markedly greater nonspecific binding, 60% at 25 nM. Various AVM analogs also produce concentration-dependent inhibition of [ 3 H]AVM B1a binding in intact cerebellar neurons. AVM B1a and moxidectin are similar in potency (IC 50 values, 120 and 126 nM, respectively). AVMB1a-stimulated chloride efflux from mouse brain synaptic vesicles results from the activation of GABA-insensitive chloride channels and that this action is distinct from their previously documented effects on GABA-gated chloride channels in mouse brain preparations. |
体内研究 | Bacteria are significantly inhibited when the AVM B1a concentration is higher than 83.3 mg/kg, while fungi are less impaired in soil. Soil respiration is also inhibited by high concentration AVM B1a, which differs with soil types. The half lethal dosage (LD 50 ) of AVM B1a to soil earthworm is estimated as 4.63 mg × cm 2 in filter paper contact test, and as 24.13 and 17.06 mg/kg, respectively after treated 7 and 14 days in artificial soil. Iin artificial soil, the LC50 of AVM B1a on earthworms are 24.1 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 and 14 days. About 80.0% and 94.8% of the accumulated AVM B1a are eliminated respectively in two groups within 1 day after they are exposed to AVM B1a-free soil, but a trace amount of AVM B1a is found for a relative long time in earthworms. |
危险品标志 | T+ - 极高毒性物品 N - 危害环境的物品 |
风险术语 | R20 - 吸入有害。 R28 - 吞食有极高毒性。 R50 - 对水生生物有极高毒性。 |
安全术语 | S36/37/39 - 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和护目镜或面具。 S45 - 若发生事故或感不适,立即就医(可能的话,出示其标签)。 S60 - 该物质及其容器须作为危险性废料处置。 S61 - 避免释放至环境中。参考特别说明/安全数据说明书。 |
危险品运输编号 | 2588 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | CL1203000 |
Hazard Class | 6.1(a) |
Packing Group | II |
上游原料 | 淀粉 无水葡萄糖 淀粉 |
下游产品 | 阿维菌素乳油 阿维·唑磷乳油 |
参考资料 展开查看 | 1. 陈慧妍, 季祥. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定梨果中阿维菌素残留量[J]. 农家参谋, 2018, No.570(01):190-190. 2. 权云帆, 王佩, 王昊,等. 红树林来源真菌Xylaria sp.HNWSW-2异香豆素类次生代谢产物及其生物活性的研究[J]. 热带作物学报, 2019(8). 3. 张振威, 赵清泉, 郝昕,等. 阿维菌素和甲维盐对舞毒蛾幼虫的毒力及 解毒酶活性的影响. 4. Zhang, Xuan, et al. "Inhibition of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl− channels by avermectins is essential for their anticancer effects." Pharmacological research 156 (2020): 104763. 5. [IF=7.658] Xuan Zhang et al."Inhibition of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl− channels by avermectins is essential for their anticancer effects."Pharmacol Res. 2020 Jun;156:104763 6. [IF=4.714] Xue Yin et al.Identification and pharmacological characterization of histamine-gated chloride channels in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.Insect Biochem Molec. 2022 Jan;140:103698 |
日本Kitasat研究所从土样中分离的Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680(即NRRL-8165)菌株的发酵代谢产物。
微生物源杀虫杀螨剂,对害虫和螨类以胃毒作用为主,兼有触杀及微弱的熏蒸作用,无内吸作用。可用于防治蔬菜食叶性害虫如菜青虫、小菜蛾、潜叶蝇等,使用剂量为11~22g/hmz.在药液中加入石蜡油可以显著提高药效;可防治螨类,使用剂量为5.6~28g/hm2;防治钻蛀性害虫如棉铃虫、烟青虫等,用1. 8%乳油750~1500mL/hm2加水喷雾;防治梨木虱,用1.8%乳油750~1500mL/
hm2;防治土壤根结线虫,用1.8%乳油9000~12000mL/hmz。也可作为防治家畜体内外寄生虫的驱虫剂。
大鼠急性经口LD50为lOmg/kg,小鼠急性经口LD50为13. 6mg/kg,兔急性经皮LD50大于2000mg/kg。水生生物LC50 (96h,ug/L):虹鳟鱼3.2,蓝鳃太阳鱼9.6,粉虾1.6,蓝蟹153;对蜜蜂高毒;对鸟类急性经口LD50( mg/kg):野鸭84.6,北美鹑大于2000;水土中被微生物迅速降解,无生物富集现象。阿维菌素的急性口服毒性较高,但由于其用量极低,故对人畜、对环境都十分安全。
阿维菌素原药应用清洁、干燥、内衬塑料袋的钢桶或纸板桶包装,每桶净含量应不大于25kg。阿维菌素乳油应用带有内塞及外盖的棕色玻璃瓶、铝瓶或氟化瓶包装,每瓶净含量为50g( mL)、lOOg(mL)、250g( mL)、500g( mL);外包装用钙塑箱或瓦楞纸箱,每箱净含量应不超过15kg。包装件应贮存在通风、干燥的库房中。贮运时严防潮湿和日晒,不得与食物、种子、饲料混放,避免与皮肤、眼睛接触,防止由口鼻吸入。
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