岩盐是钠盐矿的主要矿物之一。等轴晶系,晶体呈立方体,通常呈粒状或块状集合体。纯者无色透明或呈白色,常含机械混入物使石盐呈各种颜色,如灰色、黄色、红色、蓝色或黑褐色等。光泽、风化面呈油脂光泽。硬度2~2.5.密度2. 16g/cm3。易溶于水,味咸;导热性低;不导电,摩擦发光;吸湿性强,易潮解。石盐是分布最广的一种盐矿物,主要产于海相碳酸盐系、碎屑岩系沉积矿床和气候干早的内陆盆地之干涸盐湖沉积物中,与石膏、硬石膏、杂卤石、光卤石、钾石盐、钙芒硝等共生。
岩盐的开采方法有矿井法和水溶法,前者又可分为露天开采和地下开采(采矿方法以房柱法为主);采出矿石如盐质纯净,可直接粉碎加工成工业用及食用盐,若品位低可将盐矿中所含氯化钠溶化,然后再结晶加工为成品。水溶开采法包括硐室水溶法和钻井水溶法,后者又分为单井对流、双井对流、水力压裂、油热法等。水溶开采法一般工艺流程如下:矿山一钻井-固井一水溶岩盐成卤一压卤一输卤一蒸发结晶一包装一入库。
岩盐主要用作食用盐(即调味剂)及食物防腐剂,一部分用于牧业饲料,也是重要的化工原料,用以制碱、盐酸和氯气等,又可提炼金属钠。
工业盐分袋装与散装两种,每袋重50kg,产品存放要妥善苫封,保持清洁、干燥,防止受潮。食用盐用内衬食品塑料袋的纸箱、编织袋、麻袋包装;小包装每袋净重500g或1000g,编织袋、麻袋装每袋净重25kg或50kg;包装好的食用盐应附质量合格证,销售的食用盐小包装标志应按GB 7718执行。工业盐和食用盐的运输工具必须清洁、干燥,禁止与能导致盐质污染的货物混装,运输时应有遮盖物,防止雨淋、漏撒及其他杂物混入。
中文名 | 氯化钠 |
英文名 | Sodium Chloride |
别名 | 石盐 盐湖 原盐 岩盐 食盐 氯化鈉 氯化钠 盐水,含盐的 氯化钠,99.95-100.05%,PT(基准试剂) |
英文别名 | Salt Halite SEA SALT Raw salt Halite (NaCl) Sodium Chloride TANKER FINE Salt SODIUM STOCK SOLUTION SODIUM STANDARD STOCK SOL |
CAS | 7647-14-5 14762-51-7 |
EINECS | 231-598-3 |
化学式 | ClNa |
分子量 | 58.44 |
InChI | InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1/i;1-1 |
熔点 | 801℃ |
沸点 | 1413°C |
水溶性 | 360 g/L (20℃) |
溶解度 | 易溶于水(1g/2.8m1,25℃;或1g/2.7ml,沸水)及甘油(1g/10m1),微溶于乙醇,不溶于盐酸 |
存储条件 | 2-8℃ |
敏感性 | Easily absorbing moisture |
外观 | 白色结晶 |
物化性质 | 密度 2.165 |
MDL号 | MFCD00003477 |
风险术语 | R36 - 刺激眼睛。 |
安全术语 | S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 |
上游原料 | 碘酸钾 氯化钾 亚铁氰化钾 |
下游产品 | 纯碱 五氧化二钒 氢气 |
参考资料 展开查看 | 1. 张爱华, 安宁波, 雷锋杰,等. 细菌性软腐菌对人参根系分泌物中糖类和氨基酸类的化学趋向性响应[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2016, 41(021):3937-3941. 2. 杨永超, 王中元, 杨小振,等. 西瓜ClP5CS基因克隆及其功能研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, v.46;No.337(10):95-106. 3. 李德海, 朱晓冉, 王路,等. 盐析辅助酶提取龙牙楤木皂苷及其抗氧化活性研究[J]. 现代食品科技, 2018, v.34;No.232(12):31+135-142. 4. 钱卫东, 付云芳, 胡娜. Klyveromyces lactis酵母生产乳糖酶发酵条件的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2012. 5. 林款, 李春美. 柿子单宁对体外模拟发酵环境中肠道微生物的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2015, 36(022):160-163,167. 6. 胡小松. 五灵脂中菌群种类及其生物转化作用初步研究[D].北京中医药大学,2020. 7. 杨雨桐,张卿硕,符韵林,孙静.巴里黄檀心材色素成分及其稳定性和抗氧化性[J].林业科学,2021,57(03):126-134. 8. Wei, Yulong, et al. "Exploring the biochemical properties of three polyphenol oxidases from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)." Food Chemistry 344 (2021): 128678.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128678 9. Taha, Ahmed, et al. "Effect of different oils and ultrasound emulsification conditions on the physicochemical properties of emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate." Ultrasonics sonochemistry 49 (2018): 283-293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.0 10. Li, J, Fu, Y, Bao, X, Li, H, Zuo, J. Optimization of solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze aromatic compounds in fresh tomatoes. J Food Biochem. 2019; 43:e12858. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12858 11. Chen, Yu, et al. "Evaluation of the processing quality of noodle dough containing a high Tartary buckwheat flour content through texture analysis." Journal of Texture Studies 51.4 (2020): 688-697.https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12539 12. Niu, Meng, et al. "Effects of inorganic phosphates on the thermodynamic, pasting, and Asian noodle‐making properties of whole wheat flour." Cereal Chemistry 91.1 (2014): 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-03-13-0059-R 13. Li, Jian, et al. "Comparison and analysis of tomato flavor compounds using different extraction methods." Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 14.1 (2020): 465-475.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00102-x 14. Jina Yang, Danyang Liu, Wenbin Jin, Qisheng Zhong, Ting Zhou, A green and efficient pseudotargeted lipidomics method for the study of depression based on ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Pharmac 15. Hao, Xueyan, et al. "Superior anti-infective potential of eugenol–casein nanoparticles combined with polyethylene glycol against Colletotrichum musae infections." RSC Advances 11.8 (2021): 4646-4653.DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09283E 16. Zheng, Li, et al. "Gel properties and structural characteristics of soy protein isolate treated with different salt ions before spray drying combined with dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization." Food and Bioproducts Processing 125 (2021): 68-78.https:// 17. Wang Z, Gao X, Li W, Tan S, Zheng Q. Phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Dimocarpus longan Lour. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2019;29(5):683-692. Published 2019 Dec 23. doi:10.1007/s10068-019-00708-3 18. Hai-long Zhang, Qing-xiao Wu, Xiao Wei, Xiao-ming Qin, Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory effect of Camellia nitidissima Chi flower extracts in vitro and in vivo, Food Bioscience, Volume 37, 2020, 100682, ISSN 2212-4292, https://doi.org/ 19. Taha, Ahmed, et al. "Effects of different ionic strengths on the physicochemical properties of plant and animal proteins-stabilized emulsions fabricated using ultrasound emulsification." Ultrasonics sonochemistry 58 (2019): 104627.https://doi.org/10.1016/j 20. [IF=7.514] Jing-Nan Ren et al."Extraction of orange pectin based on the interaction between sodium caseinate and pectin."Food Chem. 2019 Jun;283:265 21. 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[IF=2.19] Fangli Hou et al."Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of aged and fresh dried tangerine peel."J Food Process Pres. 2018 Mar;42(3):e13532 27. [IF=1.984] Meng Niu et al."Effects of Inorganic Phosphates on the Thermodynamic, Pasting, and Asian Noodle-Making Properties of Whole Wheat Flour."Cereal Chem. 2014 Jan;91(1):1-7 28. [IF=7.514] Dandan Pu et al."Characterization of the oral breakdown, sensory properties, and volatile release during mastication of white bread."Food Chem. 2019 Nov;298:125003 29. [IF=6.513] Ahmed Taha et al."Effects of different ionic strengths on the physicochemical properties of plant and animal proteins-stabilized emulsions fabricated using ultrasound emulsification."Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Nov;58:104627 30. [IF=5.565] Tao Su et al."Frequent spicy food consumption is associated with reduced capsaicin and salty taste sensitivity but unchanged sour taste or intranasal trigeminal sensitivity."Food Qual Prefer. 2022 Mar;96:104411 31. [IF=5.485] Xiao-qiang Cao et al."CuFe2O4 supported on montmorillonite to activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient ofloxacin degradation."J Water Process Eng. 2021 Dec;44:102359 32. [IF=5.354] Mahmoud Youssef et al."Encapsulation of Lactobacillus Salivarius in Single and Dual biopolymer."J Food Eng. 2021 Apr;294:110398 33. [IF=4.821] Yixin Nie et al."Nitrogen-rich quantum dots-based fluorescence molecularly imprinted paper strip for p-nitroaniline detection."Microchem J. 2019 Jul;148:162 34. [IF=4.481] Li Zheng et al."Gel properties and structural characteristics of soy protein isolate treated with different salt ions before spray drying combined with dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization."Food Bioprod Process. 2021 Jan;125:68 35. [IF=4.24] Hai-long Zhang et al."Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory effect of Camellia nitidissima Chi flower extracts in vitro and in vivo."Food Biosci. 2020 Oct;37:100682 36. [IF=4.142] Liu Danyang et al."A high coverage pseudotargeted lipidomics method based on three-phase liquid extraction and segment data-dependent acquisition using UHPLC-MS/MS with application to a study of depression rats."Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021 Jun;413(15):3975-3 37. [IF=3.935] Jina Yang et al."A green and efficient pseudotargeted lipidomics method for the study of depression based on ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2021 Jan;192:113646 38. [IF=3.935] Wenbin Jin et al."Determination of inflammation-related lipids in depressive rats by on-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2021 Sep;203:114210 39. [IF=3.645] Jina Yang et al."Enhanced pseudotargeted analysis using a segment data dependent acquisition strategy by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for a metabolomics study of liquiritin in the treatment of depression."J Sep Sci. 2020 Jun;43(11):2088- 40. [IF=3.361] Xueyan Hao et al."Superior anti-infective potential of eugenol–casein nanoparticles combined with polyethylene glycol against Colletotrichum musae infections."Rsc Adv. 2021 Jan;11(8):4646-4653 41. [IF=2.72] Jian Li et al."Optimization of solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze aromatic compounds in fresh tomatoes."J Food Biochem. 2019 Oct;43(10):e12858 42. [IF=2.391] Wang Zhuo et al."Phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Dimocarpus longan Lour.."Food Sci Biotechnol. 2020 May;29(5):683-692 43. [IF=2.998] Peng Fei et al.A novel fluorescence internal filtration immunoassay for the detection of clenbuterol.European Food Research And Technology.2021 Nov 17 44. [IF=1.718] HUA Li Yue et al."Determination of SOD in black ginger extract and its effect on the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes."Food Sci Tech-Brazil. 2022 Mar;42: 45. [IF=4.952] Xinyue Xu et al."Effects of different probiotic fermentations on the quality, soy isoflavone and equol content of soy protein yogurt made from soy whey and soy embryo powder."Lwt Food Sci Technol. 2022 Mar;157:113096 46. [IF=7.514] Jinghui Zhou et al."Improved yield of theaflavin-3,3ʹ-digallate from Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase via directed evolution."Food Chem. 2021 Dec;:131848 47. [IF=7.514] Longna Li et al."Preharvest application of hydrogen nanobubble water enhances strawberry flavor and consumer preferences."Food Chem. 2022 May;377:131953 48. 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岩盐是钠盐矿的主要矿物之一。等轴晶系,晶体呈立方体,通常呈粒状或块状集合体。纯者无色透明或呈白色,常含机械混入物使石盐呈各种颜色,如灰色、黄色、红色、蓝色或黑褐色等。光泽、风化面呈油脂光泽。硬度2~2.5.密度2. 16g/cm3。易溶于水,味咸;导热性低;不导电,摩擦发光;吸湿性强,易潮解。石盐是分布最广的一种盐矿物,主要产于海相碳酸盐系、碎屑岩系沉积矿床和气候干早的内陆盆地之干涸盐湖沉积物中,与石膏、硬石膏、杂卤石、光卤石、钾石盐、钙芒硝等共生。
岩盐的开采方法有矿井法和水溶法,前者又可分为露天开采和地下开采(采矿方法以房柱法为主);采出矿石如盐质纯净,可直接粉碎加工成工业用及食用盐,若品位低可将盐矿中所含氯化钠溶化,然后再结晶加工为成品。水溶开采法包括硐室水溶法和钻井水溶法,后者又分为单井对流、双井对流、水力压裂、油热法等。水溶开采法一般工艺流程如下:矿山一钻井-固井一水溶岩盐成卤一压卤一输卤一蒸发结晶一包装一入库。
本品按干燥品计算,含氯化钠(NaCl)不得少于99.5%。
岩盐主要用作食用盐(即调味剂)及食物防腐剂,一部分用于牧业饲料,也是重要的化工原料,用以制碱、盐酸和氯气等,又可提炼金属钠。
本品显钠盐与氯化物的鉴别反应(通则0301) 。
工业盐分袋装与散装两种,每袋重50kg,产品存放要妥善苫封,保持清洁、干燥,防止受潮。食用盐用内衬食品塑料袋的纸箱、编织袋、麻袋包装;小包装每袋净重500g或1000g,编织袋、麻袋装每袋净重25kg或50kg;包装好的食用盐应附质量合格证,销售的食用盐小包装标志应按GB 7718执行。工业盐和食用盐的运输工具必须清洁、干燥,禁止与能导致盐质污染的货物混装,运输时应有遮盖物,防止雨淋、漏撒及其他杂物混入。
取本品5.0g,加水50ml溶解后,加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液2 滴,如显黄色,加氢氧化钠滴定液(0.02mol/L)0.10ml,应变为蓝色;如显蓝色或绿色,加盐酸滴定液(0.02mol/L)0.20ml,应变为黄色。
取本品5.0g,加水25ml溶解后,依法检查(通则0901与通则0902 ),溶液应澄清无色。
取本品的细粉5.0g,置瓷蒸发皿内,滴加新配制的淀粉混合液(取可溶性淀粉0.25g,加水2ml,搅匀,加沸水至25ml,随加随搅拌,放冷,加0.025mol/L硫酸溶液2ml、亚硝酸钠试液3滴与水25ml,混勻)适量使晶粉湿润,置日光下(或日光灯下)观察,5分钟内晶粒不得显蓝色痕迹。
取本品2.0g ,置100ml量瓶中,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取5ml,置10ml比色管中,加苯酚红混合液[取硫酸铵25mg ,加水235ml,加2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液105ml,加2mol/L醋酸溶液135ml,摇匀,加苯酚红溶液(取苯酚红33mg ,加2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液1.5ml,加水溶解并稀释至lOOml摇匀,即得25ml, 摇匀,必要时,调节pH 值至4.7 , 2.0ml和0.01%的氯胺T溶液(临用新制立即混匀,准确放置2分钟,加O.lmol/L的硫代硫酸钠溶液0.15ml,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为供试品溶液;另取标准溴化钾溶液(精密称取在105°C干燥至恒重的溴化钾30mg,加水100ml使溶解,摇匀,精密量取lml ,置100ml量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,每lm l中含Br2fxg)5.0ml,置1 0m l比色管中,同法制备,作为对照溶液。照紫外-可见分光光度法(通则0401) , 以水为空白,在590nm的波长处测定供试品溶液的吸光度不得大于对照溶液的吸光度(0.01% )。
取本品5.0g,依法检査(通则0802) , 与标准硫酸钾溶液1.Oml制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.002% )。
取本品l.Og ,加水溶解并稀释至10ml,照紫外-可见分光光度法(通则0401)测定,在354mn的波长处测定吸光度,不得过0.01。
取本品0.40g,加水溶解并稀释至100ml,加钼酸铵硫酸溶液[取钼酸铵2.5g,加水20ml使溶解,加硫酸溶液(56—100 )50ml,用水稀释至100ml,摇匀4ml,加新配制的氯化亚锡盐酸溶液[取酸性氯化亚锡试液lml, 加盐酸溶液(18—100) 10ml,摇匀0.1ml,摇匀,放置10分钟,如显色,与标准磷酸盐溶液(精密称取在105°C干燥2小时的磷酸二氢押0.716g,置1000ml量瓶中,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取lml ,置100ml量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,每lml中含P045ug)2.Oml, 用同一方法制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.0025% )。
取本品2.0g,加水6ml, 超声处理使溶解,加混合液取硫酸铁铵溶液(取硫酸铁铵lg ,加0.O5mol/L硫酸溶液100ml使溶解)5ml与1%硫酸亚铁溶液95ml,混匀0.5ml,摇匀,10分钟内不得显蓝色。
取本品20.Og ,加水100ml溶解,再加入醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 6.0 )10ml,作为供试品溶液;另取标准铝溶液[精密量取铝单元素标准溶液适量,用2%硝酸溶液定量稀释制成每lml中含铝(八1)2吨的溶液] 2.0ml,加水98ml和醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(PH6.0)10ml,作为对照品溶液;量取醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH6.0)10ml,加水100ml,作为空白溶液。分別将上述三种溶液移至分液漏斗中,各加人0.5%的8-羟基喹啉三氣甲烷溶液提取3次(20ml、20ml、10ml) , 合并提取液置50ml量瓶中,加三氯甲烷至刻度,摇匀。照荧光分析法(通则0405),在激发波长392nm、发射波长518nm的波长处测定供试品溶液的荧光强度应不大于对照溶液的荧光强度(千万分之二)。
取本品4.Og ,加水20ml溶解后,滤过,滤液分为两等份,一份中加稀硫酸2ml,另一份中加水2ml, 静置15分钟,两液应同样澄清。
取本品2.0g ,加水10ml使溶解,加氨试液lml,摇匀,加草酸铵试液1ml,5 分钟内不得发生浑浊。
取本品l.O g ,加水20ml使溶解,加氢氧化钠试液2.5m l与0.05%太坦黄溶液0.5ml,摇匀;生成的颜色与标准镁溶液(精密称取在800°C炽灼至恒重的氧化镁16.58mg ,加盐酸2.5ml与水适量使溶解并用水稀释至1000ml,摇匀)1.0ml,加水20ml同法制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.001% )。
取本品5.0g ,加水20ml溶解后,加稀醋酸2滴,加四苯硼钠溶液(取四苯硼钠l.5g,置乳钵中,加水10ml研磨后,再加水40ml,研勻,滤过,即得)2ml,加水使成50ml,如显浑浊,与标准硫酸钾溶液12.3ml同法制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.02% )。
取本品,在105°C干燥至恒重,减失重量不得过0.5% (通则0831) 。
取本品5.0g,依法检査(通则0807),与标准铁溶液1.5ml制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.0003% )。
取本品5.Og ,加水20ml溶解后,加醋酸盐缓冲液(pH3.5 )2ml与水适量使成25ml,依法检查(通则0821第一法),含重金属不得过百万分之二。
取本品5.0g ,加水23ml溶解后,加盐酸5ml,依法检查(通则0822第一法),应符合规定(0.00004%)。无苗(适用于无除苗工艺的无菌制剂用) 取本品,依法检査(通则1101 ),应符合规定。
取本品,依法检查(通则1143),每lg 中含内毒素的量应小于5.0EU。
取本品约0.12g,精密称定,加水50ml溶解后,加2%糊精溶液5ml、2.5%硼砂溶液2ml与荧光黄指示液5〜8滴,用硝酸银滴定液(O.lmol/L )滴定。每lml硝酸银滴定液(0.lmol/L )相当于5.844mg的NaCl。
药用辅料,渗透压调节剂。
密封保存。
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