1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
CAS: 811-97-2
Molecular Formula: C2H2F4
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane |
| Synonyms | HC134a AK134a FC-134a CF3CH2F HFC-134a HCFC-134a Freon134a Forane134a norflurane EcoloAce134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane ethane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- |
| CAS | 811-97-2 |
| EINECS | 212-377-0 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H2F4/c3-1-2(4,5)6/h1H2 |
| InChIKey | LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H2F4 |
| Molar Mass | 102.03 |
| Density | 1.21 |
| Melting Point | -101°C |
| Boling Point | −26.5°C(lit.) |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol (95%), ether, and 1 in 1294 parts ofwater at 20℃. |
| Vapor Presure | 6630mmHg at 25°C |
| Merck | 13,4734 |
| Stability | Stable. May cause damage to the atmosphere. Incompatible with active metals, strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | 1.0007 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting Point -101°C boiling point -26.2°C |
| Use | Refrigerant for refrigerators and refrigerators and automotive air conditioning systems, but also can be used as a pharmaceutical, cosmetic aerosol propellant |
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S38 - In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. |
| UN IDs | UN 3159 2.2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | KI8842500 |
| TSCA | T |
| HS Code | 29033990 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant |
| Hazard Class | 2.2 |
| Toxicity | LC50 (15 min) in rats: 3400000 mg/m3 (>800000 ppm); LC50 (4 hr) in rats: 2215000 mg/m3 (>500000 ppm) (Mayer) |
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Upstream Downstream Industry
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Uses and synthesis methods
physical and chemical properties
Tetrafluoroethane (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane), commonly known as R134a, HFC134a, and HFC-134a, is a colorless, non-toxic, non-combustible chemical substance, insoluble in water (67mg/L,25 ℃), soluble in ether, ozone depletion potential value is 0, its thermodynamic performance is very similar to CFC-12, and its safety is comparable to CFC-12, it has been recognized as the best alternative to CFC-12. Although there is a certain greenhouse effect in HFC-134a (HGWP = 0.28), this has not affected its becoming the preferred ODS (ozone depleting substances) substitute. 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a or HFA-134a) is a new generation of non-chlorofluorocarbon compounds. As a pharmaceutical excipient, it is mainly used for the treatment of asthma and chronic respiratory disorders. Compared with traditional CFC-type medicinal propellants, HFC-134a advantage is that it does not contain chlorine atoms, so it has zero ODP value (ozone depletion potential) and GWP value (global warming potential), does not consume ozone, and does not produce photochemical smog, Chemical inertness, toxicological safety, etc., is an environmentally friendly pharmaceutical excipient, and is also the main substitute for fluorocarbon that consumes ozone in aerosols currently used.
environmentally friendly refrigerant
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) is the most widely used medium and low temperature environmentally friendly refrigerant. Due to the good comprehensive performance of tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), it has become a very effective and safe CFC-12 substitute. It is mainly used in most fields using R-12(R12, Freon 12, F-12, CFC-12, Freon 12, dichlorodifluoromethane) refrigerants, including: refrigerator, freezer, water dispenser, automobile air conditioner, central air conditioner, dehumidifier, cold storage, commercial refrigeration, ice water machine, ice cream machine, freezing condensing unit and other refrigeration equipment, but also can be used in aerosol propellant, medical aerosol, insecticide propellant, polymer (plastic) physical foaming agent, and magnesium alloy protective gas.
although tetrafluoroethane refrigerant (R-134a) is the most common choice to replace freon R12 on newly installed refrigeration equipment, due to the different physical and chemical properties, theoretical cycle performance and compressor oil of R134a and R12, R12 can only be added if refrigerant needs to be added or replaced for after-sales maintenance of refrigeration equipment initially installed as R12 refrigerant, generally, R12 cannot be directly replaced by tetrafluoroethane refrigerant (R-134a) (that is, exchange-type replacement is usually not possible).
synthesis method
There are dozens of synthetic routes for the raw material synthesis of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The main synthetic routes are shown in the figure below. Among the many raw material synthesis routes, considering the source of raw materials, production process and three wastes treatment and other factors, only trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are two raw material routes, which have actual industrial production value. In the actual industrial production, trichloroethylene raw material route, due to the simple reaction steps, few by-products and other characteristics, so it is preferred to use.
trichloroethylene route, the main production process is liquid phase method, gas phase method and gas-liquid phase method. Using trichloroethylene (TCE) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) as raw materials, under the action of a catalyst, the first step is added and substituted to produce 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a); then at higher temperatures, the second step is carried out to produce 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a).
gas-liquid phase and gas phase synthesis of tetrafluoroethane
The advantage of the gas-liquid phase method is that the first step of the reaction can basically use the original equipment and process for the production of Freon products, and the use of liquid phase washing, alkali washing, drying and other processes, effectively reducing energy consumption. This process is a feasible process route for most old factories that originally produced CFCs products. However, the second-step equilibrium reaction, low single-pass conversion of the gas phase, short catalyst life and other shortcomings also restrict the large-scale use of the gas-liquid phase method in the production process route.
In the gas phase method, trichloroethylene (TCE) reacts with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) under the action of a chromium-containing catalyst. In the first step, the addition and substitution reactions first obtain HCFC-133a, and then the product tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is formed by HCFC-133a and HF under the action of chromium-based catalyst at a temperature of 350~380 ℃. The second step of gas phase method is difficult, and the conversion rate is generally only about 20%. Therefore, the continuous cycle method is used in industrial production, so that a large number of raw materials can be recovered, reduce toxic and harmful intermediate products, and improve the total yield.
gas phase method has the advantages of easy control of reaction, less pollution of three wastes, and convenience for large-scale continuous production. at present, gas phase method is gradually replacing liquid phase method and gas-liquid phase method to become the mainstream of tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) production in the world.
precautions for operation
Technical measures: Treatment in a well-ventilated place. High pressure state. Make sure that the internal pressure of the reaction equipment does not exceed the pressure of the cylinder. For safety, install a check valve on the gas sensing flow path. Do not remove the check valve until the contents are used up. Wear protective gear when handling. Wash hands and face thoroughly after treatment.
precautions for operation and disposal: avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
storage conditions: avoid sun exposure. Store in a well-ventilated place. Never be exposed to an environment above 40°C. The storage area must be locked. Keep away from incompatible materials such as oxidants.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Security information
| Hazard Note | Irritant |
| toxic substance data | 811-97-2(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Nature
| solubility | Soluble in ethanol (95%), ether, and 1 in 1294 parts of water at 20℃. |
| Merck | 13,4734 |
| NIST chemical information | Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-(811-97-2) |
| EPA chemical information | HFC-134a (811-97-2) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane - Introduction
1,1,1,2-tetrafluorothane (C2F4, or fluoroethylene) is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas. The following is a description of the nature, use, preparation and safety information of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane:
Nature:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has a chemical formula of C2F4 and a molecular weight of 100.02g/mol.
-It has a low boiling point (-78.2 ℃) and a low melting point (-169.5 ℃).
- 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is a colorless, odorless gas at normal temperature and pressure.
-its density is slightly larger than the air, soluble in ethanol, benzene and ether and other organic solvents.
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is a powerful perfluorocarbon compound with high chemical inertness due to its C- F bond stability.
Use:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is mainly used as a Fire Inhibitor for petroleum storage tanks, aircraft wings, chemical installations and electrical equipment.
-It can also be used as a solvent and reaction medium, such as for the preparation of fluorinated organic compounds, or for the oxidation of metals.
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane can be used in the production of special coatings and ceramic processing industries.
Preparation Method:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane can be prepared by the natural medium fluorine (F2) in the environment or by the reaction of a fluorinating agent and a photocatalyst.
Safety Information:
-Since 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is an inert gas, it is relatively safe at room temperature and is not easy to burn.
-But when the concentration of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is high, it will cause suffocation to the human body, and a well-ventilated environment must be maintained.
-When handling 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, attention should be paid to protective measures, such as wearing appropriate protective gloves, masks and goggles to avoid direct skin contact.
-When storing and using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, avoid contact with flammable materials, strong oxidants and strong acids and bases to avoid accidental reactions.
-In case of leakage or leakage, keep away from it in time and take corresponding emergency measures, such as immediately stop the leakage source, isolation and exhaust.
Nature:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has a chemical formula of C2F4 and a molecular weight of 100.02g/mol.
-It has a low boiling point (-78.2 ℃) and a low melting point (-169.5 ℃).
- 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is a colorless, odorless gas at normal temperature and pressure.
-its density is slightly larger than the air, soluble in ethanol, benzene and ether and other organic solvents.
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is a powerful perfluorocarbon compound with high chemical inertness due to its C- F bond stability.
Use:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is mainly used as a Fire Inhibitor for petroleum storage tanks, aircraft wings, chemical installations and electrical equipment.
-It can also be used as a solvent and reaction medium, such as for the preparation of fluorinated organic compounds, or for the oxidation of metals.
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane can be used in the production of special coatings and ceramic processing industries.
Preparation Method:
- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane can be prepared by the natural medium fluorine (F2) in the environment or by the reaction of a fluorinating agent and a photocatalyst.
Safety Information:
-Since 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is an inert gas, it is relatively safe at room temperature and is not easy to burn.
-But when the concentration of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is high, it will cause suffocation to the human body, and a well-ventilated environment must be maintained.
-When handling 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, attention should be paid to protective measures, such as wearing appropriate protective gloves, masks and goggles to avoid direct skin contact.
-When storing and using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, avoid contact with flammable materials, strong oxidants and strong acids and bases to avoid accidental reactions.
-In case of leakage or leakage, keep away from it in time and take corresponding emergency measures, such as immediately stop the leakage source, isolation and exhaust.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
2-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHYLENE
1,1-DIFLUOROETHYLENE
2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
TRIFLUOROETHYLENE
Benzene, 1-(2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-4-methyl-
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ethyl ether
BIS(2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL) ETHER
o-Cresol
1,1-DIFLUOROETHYLENE
2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
TRIFLUOROETHYLENE
Benzene, 1-(2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-4-methyl-
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ethyl ether
BIS(2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL) ETHER
o-Cresol
Downstream Products for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane