108-93-0
Cyclohexanol
CAS: 108-93-0
Molecular Formula: C6H12O
108-93-0 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Cyclohexanol |
| Synonyms | ANOL Naxol adronal adronol HEXALIN hexalin hydralin hydrophenol Cyclohexanol CYCLOHEXANOL 1-Cyclohexanol HEXAHYDROPHENOL hexahydrophenol HYDROXYCYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXYL ALCOHOL Cyclohexyl Alcohol hydroxycyclohexane CYCLOHEXANOL GC STANDARD |
| CAS | 108-93-0 |
| EINECS | 203-630-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C6H12O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6-7H,1-5H2 |
108-93-0 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H12O |
| Molar Mass | 100.16 |
| Density | 0.948 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 20-22 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 160-161 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 67 °C |
| Water Solubility | 3.6 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 40g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 0.98 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.5 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid After Melting |
| Color | Clear colorless |
| Odor | Like camphor. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 200 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH);IDLH 3500 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 14,2725 |
| BRN | 906744 |
| pKa | 16 |
| PH | 6.5 (40g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, even at room temperature, to form an explosive material. Hygroscopic. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 2-11.2%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.465(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless oily flammable liquid. There is a similar smell of camphor. Hygroscopic. White crystals appear below the freezing point. boiling point 161.1 ℃ freezing point 25.15 ℃ relative density 0.9493 refractive index 1.4648 flash point 67.2 ℃ solubility, linseed oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, ether, acetone, chloroform and other organic solvents miscible, slightly soluble in water. |
| Use | Can be used for the preparation of adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylamine, caprolactam, etc |
108-93-0 - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | GV7875000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 21 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2906 12 00 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 2.06 g/kg (Smyth) |
108-93-0 - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Benzene Hydrogen |
| Downstream Products | Cyclohexene Cyclohexyl chloride Dicyclohexyldisulfide Adipic acid oxybutynin chloride |
108-93-0 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
More than 25 °c is a colorless liquid, and less than 22 °c is a crystal. Camphor. Deliquescence. With ethanol, ethyl acetate, linseed oil, aromatic hydrocarbon phase miscibility. 20 C, the water solubility of 3.6% (mass). Flammable in case of open flame and high heat. A reaction with an oxidizing agent may occur. In case of high fever, the internal pressure of the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
108-93-0 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
phenol hydrogenation method or cyclohexane oxidation method can be obtained.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:06
108-93-0 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
organic solvent. Reagents for the Colorimetric Determination of molybdenum and rhenium.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:06
108-93-0 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
oral LDsa in rats was 2060mg/kg. Human eye 100 x 10-6 will cause irritation. Rabbit skin open stimulation test 146ug/24h, there is a mild stimulation. People's eyes, nose, throat have a stimulating effect, liquid when there is a stimulating effect on the skin, contact can cause dermatitis, but the skin absorption is very slow, oral intake of small toxicity. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Should be stored separately from oxidants and acids.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:07
108-93-0 - Chemical properties
colorless oily flammable liquid, white crystals below freezing point. Melting point 24 ℃ (freezing point 25.15 ℃), boiling point 161.10 ℃, relative density 0.9493(20/4 ℃), refractive index 1.4648, flash point (open cup) 67.2 ℃, viscosity (30 ℃)41.067mPa · s. It can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, linseed oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, ether, acetone, chloroform, etc., and slightly soluble in water. Mixed with air explosion limit 1.52%-11.1% (volume). It has a camphor-like smell and is hygroscopic.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
108-93-0 - Production method
Industrial production methods are mainly phenol hydrogenation and cyclohexane oxidation. 1. Phenol hydrogenation method Phenol vapor and hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst, at 110-185 ℃, pressure 1.078-1.471MPa, hydrogenation reaction in a tubular reactor to produce cyclohexanol vapor products, after heat exchange, condensation, separation and removal of hydrogen, and then distillation to obtain the finished product. 2. Cyclohexane oxidation benzene vapor is hydrogenated at 120-180 ℃ in the presence of nickel catalyst to obtain cyclohexane. Cyclohexane oxidation to produce cyclohexanol is divided into the following three methods according to different catalysts:
- (1) cobalt salt catalytic method uses cobalt naphthenate, cobalt stearate or cobalt octoate as catalyst.
- (2) The boric acid catalytic method uses boric acid or metaboric acid as a catalyst. During the air oxidation process, boric acid and cyclohexyl hydrogen peroxide form cyclohexanol perborate, and then become borate Cyclohexanol ester, or combined with the resulting cyclohexanol to form cyclohexanol borate and cyclohexanol metaborate. Then hydrolyze, the oil phase is purified to obtain the finished product.
- (3) catalyst-free oxidation method uses cyclohexane as raw material, oxidizes cyclohexyl hydrogen peroxide with air with oxygen content of 10%-15% at a pressure of 1.47-1.96MPa and a temperature of 170-200 ℃. after concentration, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are catalytically decomposed at 70-160 ℃ to obtain cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
108-93-0 - Toxicity
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | Poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50: 2060 mg/kg; Abdominal injection-mouse LD50: 1352 mg/kg |
| Stimulus data | eye-rabbit 2 mg severe; Skin-rabbit 14.6 mg/24 hours mild |
| explosive hazard characteristics | Blowing with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; combustion emission stimulates smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand |
| occupational standards | TLV-TWA 50 PPM (200 mg/m3); STEL 75 PPM (300 mg/m3) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
108-93-0 - Security information
| dangerous goods mark | Xn |
| hazard category code | 20/22-37/38 |
| safety instructions | 24/25 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS number | GV7875000 |
| F | 21 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 572 °F |
| TSCA | Yes |
| customs code | 2906 12 00 |
| toxic substance data | 108-93-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 2.06 g/kg (Smyth) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
108-93-0 - Reference Information
| relative polarity | 0.509 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 16.9 at 50.00 °C, 34.4 at 60.00 °C (headspace-GC, Hovorka et al., 2002) |
| LogP | 1.25 at 25℃ |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Uses | Cyclohexanol is an important chemical raw material, mainly used in the production of adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexanone, caprolactam, and can also be used as a stabilizer for soap, to manufacture disinfectant soap and descaling emulsion, used as a solvent for rubber, resin, nitro fiber, metal soap, oil, ester, ether, and coating mixture, leather degreaser, release agent, dry cleaning agent, polish. Cyclohexanol is also a raw material for fiber finishing agents, pesticides, and plasticizers. Cyclohexanol reacts with phosgene to obtain cyclohexyl chloroformate, which is an intermediate for the initiator of dicyclohexyl bicarbonate. used in the process of dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol can be used to prepare adipic acid, hexanediamine, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, caprolactam, etc. colorimetric method for the determination of molybdenum and rhenium, and phenylhydrazine Determination of aluminum. Use 8-carbonylquinoline or iodide to determine bismuth as a solvent to extract colored substances. Rubber, resin and nitrocellulose solvents. Pesticide. |
| production method | industrial production methods are mainly phenol hydrogenation method and cyclohexane oxidation method. 1. Phenol hydrogenation method Phenol vapor and hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst, at 110-185 ℃, pressure 1.078-1.471MPa, hydrogenation reaction in a tubular reactor to prepare cyclohexanol vapor products, after heat exchange, condensation, separation and removal of hydrogen, then distillation to obtain the finished product. 2. Cyclohexane oxidation benzene vapor is hydrogenated at 120-180 ℃ in the presence of nickel catalyst to obtain cyclohexane. Cyclohexane oxidation to produce cyclohexanol is divided into the following three methods according to different catalysts:(1) Cobalt salt catalytic method uses cobalt naphthenate, cobalt stearate or cobalt octanoate as catalyst. (2) The boric acid catalytic method uses boric acid or metaboric acid as a catalyst. During the air oxidation process, boric acid and cyclohexyl hydrogen peroxide generate cyclohexanol perborate, which then becomes cyclohexanol borate Ester, or combine with the resulting cyclohexanol to form cyclohexanol borate and cyclohexanol metaborate. Then hydrolyzed, the oil phase is purified to obtain the finished product. (3) In the catalyst-free oxidation method, cyclohexane is used as raw material, and cyclohexyl hydrogen peroxide is obtained by oxidation with air with oxygen content of 10%-15% at a pressure of 1.47-1.96MPa and a temperature of 170-200 ℃. After concentration, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are obtained by catalytic decomposition at 70-160 ℃. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50: 2060 mg/kg; Abdominal injection-mouse LD50: 1352 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 2 mg severe; Skin-rabbit 14.6 mg/24 hours mild |
| explosive hazard characteristics | blastable when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; Combustion emission stimulates smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand |
| occupational standard | TLV-TWA 50 PPM (200 mg/m3); STEL 75 PPM (300 mg/m3) |
| auto-ignition temperature | 572 °F |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentration | 400 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:01:54
108-93-0 - Nature
| melting point | 20-22°C (lit.) |
| boiling point | 160-161°C (lit.) |
| density | 0.948 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 3.5 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.98mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.465(lit.) |
| flash point | 67 °C |
| storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | 40g/l |
| morphology | Liquid After Melting |
| color | Clear colorless |
| relative polarity | 0.509 |
| Odor | Like camphor. |
| PH value | 6.5 (40g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| explosion limit value (explosive limit) | 2-11.2%(V) |
| water solubility | 3.6 g/100 mL (20 °C) |
| sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,2725 |
| BRN | 906744 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 16.9 at 50.00 °C, 34.4 at 60.00°C (headspace-GC, Hovorka et al., 2002) |
| exposure limit | TLV-TWA 200 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 3500 ppm (NIOSH). |
| stability | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, even at room temperature, to form an explosive material. Hygroscopic. Combustible. |
| NIST chemical information | Cyclohexanol(108-93-0) |
| EPA chemical information | Cyclohexanol (108-93-0) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:04:54
108-93-0 - Use
- Cyclohexanol is an important chemical raw material. It is mainly used to produce adipic acid, hexanediamine, cyclohexanone, caprolactam, and can also be used as a stabilizer for soap, to manufacture disinfectant soap and descaling emulsion, Used as solvents for rubber, resin, nitro fiber, metal soap, oils, esters, ethers, paint admixtures, leather degreasing agents, film removers, dry. Cyclohexanol is also a raw material for fiber finishing agents, pesticides, and plasticizers. Cyclohexanol reacts with phosgene to obtain cyclohexyl chloroformate, which is an intermediate for the initiator of dicyclohexyl bicarbonate.
-
For cyclohexanol dehydrogenation process
-
Can be used to prepare adipic acid, hexamethylene, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylamine, caprolactam, etc.
-
Colorimetric determination of molybdenum and rhenium, and determination of aluminum with phenylhydrazine. Use 8-carbonylquinoline or iodide to determine bismuth as a solvent to extract colored substances. Rubber, resin and nitrocellulose solvents. Insecticides
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
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