108-94-1
Cyclohexanone
CAS: 108-94-1;9075-99-4;11119-77-0
Molecular Formula: C6H10O
108-94-1 - Names and Identifiers
108-94-1 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H10O |
| Molar Mass | 98.14 |
| Density | 0.947 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -47 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 155 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 116°F |
| JECFA Number | 1100 |
| Water Solubility | 150 g/L (10 ºC) |
| Solubility | 90g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 3.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.4 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | Like peppermint and acetone. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 100 mg/m3 (25 ppm) (ACGIH);IDLH 5000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 14,2726 |
| BRN | 385735 |
| pKa | 17(at 25℃) |
| PH | 7 (70g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Explosive Limit | 1.1%, 100°F |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.450(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless transparent liquid, with soil breath, the impurity is light yellow. melting point -47 ℃ boiling point 155.6 ℃ relative density 0.947 refractive index 1.450 flash point 54 ℃ soluble in ethanol and ether |
| Use | Used as raw materials and solvents for synthetic resins and synthetic fibers |
108-94-1 - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R10 - Flammable R20 - Harmful by inhalation R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R38 - Irritating to the skin R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 1915 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | GW1050000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2914 22 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1.62 ml/kg (Smyth) |
108-94-1 - Upstream Downstream Industry
108-94-1 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent oily liquid. Mint and acetone odor. Its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
108-94-1 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
Industrial cyclohexanone was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the drying agent was removed. Efficient distillation under reduced pressure can be.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:08
108-94-1 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
extraction of rare metals uranium, thorium, cobalt and titanium. Determination of bismuth. Used as a chromatographic analysis standard, gas chromatography stationary liquid. It is also the solvent of rubber, resin, paraffin wax and shellac.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:08
108-94-1 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50:1.62/kg. On the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract have a significant stimulating effect. Staff should be protected. The working environment should be well ventilated. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Packaging is required to be sealed and not to be in contact with air. Mixing with oxidant, reductant and edible chemicals is strictly prohibited.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:08
108-94-1 - Reference Information
| physical properties | Cyclohexanone is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)5CO, A Saturated cyclic ketone that is a carbonyl carbon atom included in a six-membered ring. Colorless transparent liquid, with soil breath, containing traces of phenol, with mint flavor. The impure substance is light yellow, which is colored with the formation of impurities during storage, and is water white to gray yellow, with strong pungent odor. Slightly soluble in water, miscible in alcohol, ether, benzene, acetone and other most organic solvents. The explosive Pole mixed with air is the same as that of the open-chain saturated ketone. |
| Chemical properties | Cyclohexanone is flammable and may cause combustion when exposed to high heat and open fire. Contact with an oxidizing agent causes a severe reaction. In case of high fever, the internal pressure of the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion. Same as open-chain saturated ketones. It can be oxidized with air, oxygen or nitric acid in the presence of catalyst to generate adipic acid HOOC(CH2)4COOH. Cyclohexanone oxime is rearranged under the action of an acid to form caprolactam. They are the raw materials of nylon 66 and Nylon 6, respectively. Cyclohexanone readily undergoes self-condensation in the presence of a base; It also readily reacts with acetylene. The earliest obtained from dry distillation of calcium pimelate. The large-scale production of cyclohexanone is a process of catalytic hydrogenation followed by oxidation of phenol. colorless transparent liquid, with soil breath, the impure substance is light yellow. Soluble in ethanol and ether |
| Main purpose | Cyclohexanone is an important chemical raw material and industrial solvent, is the manufacture of nylon, the main intermediate of caprolactam and adipic acid. Also important are industrial solvents, such as those used in paints, especially those containing nitrocellulose, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers thereof or Methacrylate polymers. It is used as an excellent solvent for organophosphorus pesticides and many analogs, as a solvent for dyes, as a viscous solvent for piston-type aviation lubricating oil, and as a solvent for grease, wax and rubber. It is also used as a leveling agent for dyeing and melatonin filaments, a degreasing agent for polishing metals, and wood coloring paint. Cyclohexanone can be used to remove film, stain and spot. |
| production process | Cyclohexanone is a very widely used petrochemical raw material and an important organic solvent, according to its use is often divided into amide and non-amide with two major categories. Amide with Cyclohexanone is mainly used in the manufacture of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which are the important raw materials for the manufacture of fiber PA6 and engineering plastic pa66. At the same time, Cyclohexanone is an important industrial solvent, can also be used in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates. at present, there are three main production methods of cyclohexanone: cyclohexane oxidation method, phenol hydrogenation method and cyclohexene hydration method. Phenol hydrogenation is the earliest process applied to the industrial production of cyclohexanone. There are two oxidation process routes for cyclohexane oxidation in industrial production, one is catalytic oxidation process, the other is non-catalytic oxidation process. The catalytic oxidation process mainly uses cobalt salt, boric acid or boric acid as catalyst. The hydration process of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol was developed in the Eighties of the 20th century by aseda, Japan. In this process, cyclohexene is prepared by incomplete hydrogenation of benzene, and cyclohexene is hydrated to cyclohexanol. The by-product of this process is cyclohexane. The process has low consumption, and effectively avoids the waste alkali liquid generated in the process of cyclohexane oxidation, reduces the environmental pressure, and has obvious prospects. cyclohexene hydration and cyclohexane oxidation process |
| toxicity and health hazards | high concentrations of cyclohexanone vapor are narcotic and have inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. Has a stimulating effect on the skin and mucous membranes. High concentrations of cyclohexanone poisoning will damage blood vessels, causing myocardial, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and brain lesions, massive coagulative necrosis. Absorption through the skin causes tremors, anesthesia, hypothermia, and finally death. The irritation is small in an atmosphere of 25ppm, but it cannot be tolerated at 50ppm or more. The LC for mice was 0.008. The maximum allowable concentration of cyclohexanone in the workplace is 200mg/m3. Production equipment should be closed, should prevent Run, Run, drop, leakage. The operator should wear protective equipment. |
| maximum allowable use amount of food additives maximum allowable residue standard | The Chinese name of the additive the Chinese name of the additive is allowed to use the food Chinese name of the additive function maximum allowable use amount (g/kg) maximum allowable residue (g/kg) cyclohexanone food flavorings the maximum allowable amount and the maximum allowable residue |
| Application | Cyclohexanone is an important chemical raw material, which is the main intermediate in the manufacture of nylon, caprolactam and adipic acid. Also important are industrial solvents, such as those used in paints, especially those containing nitrocellulose, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers thereof or Methacrylate polymers. It is used as an excellent solvent for organophosphorus pesticides and many analogs, as a solvent for dyes, as a viscous solvent for piston-type aviation lubricating oil, and as a solvent for grease, wax and rubber. It is also used as a leveling agent for dyeing and melatonin filaments, a degreasing agent for polishing metals, and wood coloring paint. Cyclohexanone can be used to remove film, stain and spot. Cyclohexanone was condensed with cyanoacetic acid to give cyclohexylidene cyanoacetic acid, and then eliminated and decarboxylated to give cyclohexene acetonitrile. Finally, cyclohexene ethylamine [3399-73-3] was obtained by hydrogenation, intermediates of temalen et al. |
| production method | in the 40 s, the industrial production of cyclohexanone uses phenol as a raw material for hydrogenation to generate cyclohexanol, and then dehydrogenates to obtain cyclohexanone. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1535 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 1400 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 500 mg mild; eye-rabbit 0.25 mg/24 h severe |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; Combustion stimulus smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from the oxidant |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, CO2, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 100 mg/m3; Tel 125 mg/m3 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 47, 71) 1999 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 788 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 700 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:03
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