17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Names and Identifiers
Name | norethindrone
|
Synonyms | norethindrone Norethisterone 19-NORETHINDRONE 19-NORETHISTERONE 19-NOR-4-ETHISTERONE 17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone 17ALPHA-ETHYNYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE 17-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (17beta)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one 17-alpha-ethynyl-17-beta-hydroxyoestr-4-en-3-one 19-NOR-17ALPHA-ETHYNYL-4-ANDROSTEN-17BETA-OL-3-ONE 19-NOR-4-ANDROSTEN-17-ALPHA-ETHYNYL-17-BETA-OL-3-ONE 17ALPHA-ETHYNYL-17BETA-HYDROXY-19-NOR-4-ANDROSTEN-3-ONE (8xi,9xi,14xi,17beta)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one
|
CAS | 68-22-4
|
EINECS | 200-681-6 |
InChI | InChI=1/C20H26O2/c1-3-20(22)11-9-18-17-6-4-13-12-14(21)5-7-15(13)16(17)8-10-19(18,20)2/h1,12,15-18,22H,4-11H2,2H3/t15-,16?,17?,18?,19-,20-/m0/s1 |
InChIKey | VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N |
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Physico-chemical Properties
Molecular Formula | C20H26O2
|
Molar Mass | 298.43 |
Density | 1.0766 (rough estimate) |
Melting Point | 205-206 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 379.83°C (rough estimate) |
Specific Rotation(α) | D20 -31.7° (chloroform); D20 -25° (chloroform) |
Flash Point | 190.5°C |
Water Solubility | 7.043mg/L(25 ºC) |
Solubility | Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, soluble in chloroform |
Vapor Presure | 7.22E-10mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White to white-like powder |
Color | white to off-white |
Merck | 6697 |
BRN | 1915671 |
pKa | 13.09±0.40(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Refractive Index | 1.4800 (estimate) |
MDL | MFCD00067596 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 205-206°C |
Use | Progesterone drugs, for irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding, endometriosis, etc |
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Risk and Safety
Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful
|
Risk Codes | R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect
R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
|
Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust.
S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
|
UN IDs | UN 3077 9 / PGIII |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | RC8975000 |
HS Code | 29144000 |
Toxicity | LD50 oral in mouse: 6gm/kg |
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Reference
Reference Show more | 1. Cai Jie, Yang Yani, Luo Dajuan, Gao Rong, lu fa-ying, Liu Bing-Qian. Detection of progesterone by electrochemical sensor based on triple signal amplification [J]. Analytical Laboratory, 2020,39(09):1019-1023. 2. [IF = 7.514] Suo Decheng et al."Trace analysis of progestone and 21 progestins in milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectroscopy." Food Chem. 2021 Nov;361:130115 3. [IF = 4.119] Zhongdian Dong et al."Norethin alters growth, sex differentiation and gene expression in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)." Environmental Biology. 2022 Jan 31 |
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 17b-hydroxy-19-nor-17a-pregnan-4-en-20-alkyn-3-one. The content of C20H2602 shall be between 97.0% and 102.0% based on the dry product.
Last Update:2024-01-02 23:10:35
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is white or off-white powder or crystalline powder; Odorless.
- This product is dissolved in chloroform, slightly soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, insoluble in water.
melting point
The melting point of this product (General 0612) is 202~208°C.
specific rotation
take this product, precision weighing, add acetone to dissolve and quantitative dilution of the solution containing about 10 mg per 1 ml, according to the law (General 0621), the specific rotation is from one to 32 ° to one to 37 °.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:28
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take about 10 mg of this product, add 1 ml of ethanol to dissolve, and add 5-6 drops of silver nitrate test solution to generate white precipitate.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the control (Spectrum set 258).
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:28
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
Related substances
take this product, add methanol to dissolve and dilute to make a solution containing 2mg per 1 ml as a test solution; Take 3ml for precision measurement and put it in a 200ml measuring flask, as a control solution, it was diluted to the scale with methanol and shaken. According to the chromatographic conditions under the content determination item, take 10 u1 of the test solution and the control solution, respectively inject the human liquid chromatograph, record the chromatogram to 2 times of the retention time of the main component peak, if there are impurity peaks in the chromatogram of the test solution, the sum of each impurity peak area shall not be greater than the main peak area of the control solution (1.5%).
loss on drying
take this product, dry to constant weight at 105°C, weight loss shall not exceed 0.5% (General rule 0831).
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:29
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
silica gel bonded with eighteen alkyl silane was used as the filler; Methanol-water (65:35) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 244nm. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 1500 based on norethisterone peak.
assay
take an appropriate amount of this product, weigh it accurately, dissolve it with methanol and dilute it quantitatively to make it contain about 0 in each lml. lmg solution, the precision of 20u1 injection into the liquid chromatograph, record the chromatogram; Another reference substance, the same method for determination. According to the external standard method to calculate the peak area, that is.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:29
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:29
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:30
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Norethisterone Tablets
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains norethisterone (C20H2602) should be labeled amount of 90.0% ~ 110.0%.
trait
This product is sugar-coated tablet or film-coated tablet, white or almost White after removing the coating.
identification
- take an appropriate amount of fine powder of this product (about equivalent to norethisterone lOmg), add 1 ml of ethanol to dissolve, centrifuge, take the supernatant, and add 5-6 drops of silver nitrate test solution to generate white precipitate.
- in the chromatogram recorded under the content determination item, the retention time of the main peak of the test solution should be consistent with the retention time of the main peak of the reference solution.
- take an appropriate amount of fine powder of this product, add absolute ethanol to dissolve and dilute to make a solution containing about 10ug of norethisterone in Φlml, filter, and take the filtrate according to UV-Vis spectrophotometry (General rule 0401) the maximum absorption was measured at a wavelength of 240nm.
examination
- Content uniformity take 1 tablet of this product, put it in a 25ml(0.625mg specification) or 100ml(2.5mg specification) measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of mobile phase, sonicate to dissolve norethisterone, and dilute the mobile phase to the scale, shake well, centrifuge, take the supernatant to determine the content according to the method under the content determination item, the limit is ± 20%, should comply with the regulations (General 0941).
- dissolution this product (0.5% mg specification), according to the dissolution and release determination method (General O931 second method), with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution as dissolution medium, the rotation speed is 75 rpm, and the operation is carried out according to law. After 60 minutes (sugar-coated tablets) or 45 minutes (film-coated tablets), 20ml of the solution is taken, filtered, and the filtrate is taken as the test solution; another reference substance of norethisterone (about 12.5mg) was added into a 200ml measuring flask and dissolved by adding an appropriate amount of methanol. The solution was diluted to the standard with dissolution medium and then shaken, set in a 250ml measuring flask, dilute to the scale with dissolution medium, and shake to serve as a reference solution. The sample solution and the reference solution were measured by 20ul, and the dissolution amount of each tablet was calculated according to the method under the content determination item. The limit is 60% (sugar-coated tablets) or 80% (film-coated tablets) of the label amount and should be met.
- others shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions under the item of tablets (General rule 0101).
Content determination
- measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
- chromatographic conditions and system suitability test using eighteen alkyl silane bonded silica gel as filler; Methanol-water (65:35) as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 244nm. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 1500 based on the calculation of the block peak, and the separation degree of the block peak and its adjacent impurity peaks shall meet the requirements.
- determination of 20 tablets of this product, precision weighing, fine grinding, precision weighing an appropriate amount (equivalent to norethisterone 1.25mg), put it in a 50ml measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of mobile phase, ultrasound to dissolve norethisterone, cool, dilute to the scale with mobile phase, shake well, centrifuge, take the supernatant as the test solution; Take another reference substance, precision weighing, the mobile phase was added to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to prepare a solution containing about 25ug per 1 ml as a control solution. According to the method under the item of determination of norethisterone content, it is obtained.
category
norethisterone.
specification
(1)0.625mg (2)2.5mg
storage
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:31
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Norethisterone dropping pills
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product containing Norethisterone should be labeled amount of 90.0% ~ 110.0%.
trait
This product is milky white to light yellow drop pills.
identification
In the chromatogram recorded under the content determination item, the retention time of the main peak of the test solution should be consistent with the retention time of the main peak of the control solution.
examination
should comply with the relevant provisions under the pill (General rule 0108).
Content determination
- measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
- chromatographic conditions and system suitability test using eighteen alkyl silane bonded silica gel as filler; Methanol-water (60:40) as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 240nm. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 2500 based on the calculation of norethisterone peak, and the separation degree between the peak of norethisterone and the peak of internal standard substance shall meet the requirements.
- preparation of internal standard solution take 25mg of hydrocortisone acetate, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, add 5M l of methanol, heat it in a hot water bath to dissolve, let it cool, and dilute it to the mark with mobile phase, shake well.
- determination Method: Take 20 pills of this product, precise weighing, fine grinding, precise weighing appropriate amount (about equivalent to 10mg of norethisterone), put it in a 50ml measuring flask, and add appropriate amount of mobile phase, dissolve norethisterone in a hot water bath with shaking, cool, dilute to scale with mobile phase, shake well, filter, Take 5ml of the continuous filtrate and 5ml of the internal standard solution in the same 25ml measuring flask, dilute to the scale with mobile phase, shake well, as a test solution, take 20ul injection liquid chromatograph, record chromatogram; Another precision weigh about 10mg of norethisterone reference, put it in 50ml measuring flask, add appropriate amount of mobile phase, ultrasonic for several minutes to dissolve, dilute to scale with mobile phase, shake well, take 5ml of the solution and 5ml of the internal standard solution, and put them in the same 25ml measuring flask, diluted with mobile phase to the scale, shake, the same method. According to the internal standard method to calculate the peak area, that is.
category
norethisterone.
specification
3mg
storage
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:37:31
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Compound Norethisterone Tablets
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains norethisterone (C20H2602) and ethinyl estradiol (C20H2402) shall be 90.0% ~ 110.0% of the label amount.
prescription
norethisterone 600mg
Estradiol 35Mg
Made into 1000 tablets
trait
This product is sugar-coated tablet or film-coated tablet, white or almost White after removing the coating.
identification
- 2 tablets of this product, ground fine, add chloroform-methanol (9:1)5ml, fully stirred to dissolve norethisterone and ethinylestradiol, filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to about 0.5ml on a water bath as a test solution. The reference substance of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol was added with chloroform-methanol (9:1). A solution containing 2.4mg of norethisterone and 0.14mg of ethinyl estradiol per 1 ml was prepared by dissolution and dilution as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 10 u1, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with benzene-ethyl acetate (4:1) as the developing solvent, it was developed, dried, sprayed with sulfuric acid-anhydrous ethanol (7:3), and heated at 100 ° C. For 5 minutes to develop color. The position and color of the two component main spots displayed by the test solution should be the same as those of the control solution.
- in the chromatogram recorded under the content determination item, the retention time M of the two main peaks of the test solution is consistent with the retention time of the corresponding two main peaks of the control solution.
- two items (1) and (2) above can be selected as one item.
examination
- Content uniformity take 1 tablet of this product, put it in a 10ml measuring flask, add 0.5ml of water to shake to disintegrate, add 5ml of acetonitrile to ultrasonically dissolve norethisterone and ethinylestradiol for about 15 minutes, dilute to the scale with water, shake well, centrifuge, take the supernatant to determine the content according to the method under the content determination item, the limit is ± 20%, should comply with the regulations (General 0941).
- dissolution of this product, according to the dissolution and release determination method (General rule 0931 third method), with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution as the dissolution medium, the rotation speed is 100 rpm (sugar-coated tablets) or 50 revolutions (film-coated tablets), operate according to law, after 1 small (sugar-coated tablets) or 45 minutes (film-coated tablets), take appropriate amount of solution and filter, according to the chromatographic conditions under the content determination item, the filtrate (100 u1) was accurately weighed and injected into human liquid chromatograph, and the chromatogram was recorded. The reference substance of norethisterone (12mg) was accurately weighed and put into a measuring flask (ML) and dissolved by adding ethanol (10ml), dilute with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution to the scale, shake well, take 5ml with precision, put it in a measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with the same solvent, shake well, take 100 u1 with precision, and measure with the same method. The dissolution amount of norethisterone in each tablet was calculated by the peak area according to the external standard method. The limit is 60% (sugar-coated tablets) or 80% (film-coated tablets should meet the requirements.
- others shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions under the item of tablets (General rule 0101).
Content determination
- measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
- chromatographic conditions and system suitability test using eighteen alkyl silane bonded silica gel as filler; Acetonitrile-water (45:55) as mobile phase; Detection wavelength was 200nm. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 3000 based on the calculation of norethisterone peak, and the separation degree between norethisterone peak and ethinyl estradiol peak shall meet the requirements.
- determination of 20 tablets of this product, precision weighing, fine, precision weighing appropriate amount (equivalent to norethisterone 3mg), put 50ml flask, add acetonitrile 25ml, ultrasound to dissolve norethisterone and ethinylestradiol, diluted to scale with water, shake well, centrifuge, take the supernatant as the test solution, take the precision of 50M1 injection of human liquid chromatography, record chromatography cabinet; another reference substance of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol was carefully weighed and dissolved with an appropriate amount of acetonitrile, then the same amount of water as human and acetonitrile was added, and then acetonitrile-water was used (11). The quantitative dilution is made into a solution containing 60ug of norethisterone and 3.5ug of ethinyl estradiol per 1 ml, and the same method is used for determination. According to the external standard method to calculate the peak area, that is,.
category
birth control pills.
storage
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:43:28
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Compound norethisterone membrane
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product contains norethisterone (C20H2402) and ethinyl estradiol (C20H24O2) should be 90.0% to 110.0% of the label amount.
prescription
procyanidone 600mg
Ethinylestradiol 35Mg
Made of 1000 cells
preparation method
The drug was dispersed in an appropriate solvent, uniformly coated on swellable paper, and dried.
trait
This product is a film that can swell in water.
identification
In the chromatographic chamber recorded under the content determination item, the retention time of the two main peaks of the test solution should be consistent with the retention time of the corresponding two main peaks of the control solution.
examination
- Content uniformity take this product 1 grid, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol, mash it with a glass rod, and heat it in a hot water bath for 30 minutes, the norethisterone and ethinylestradiol were dissolved by shaking from time to time, then taken out, allowed to cool, diluted to the mark with absolute ethanol, shaken and filtered, the filtrate was subjected to the chromatographic condition test under the item of content determination; The reference substance of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol was additionally taken for precision weighing, absolute ethanol is added to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to prepare a solution containing 12UG of norethisterone and 0.7ug of ethinylestradiol per 1 ml, which shall be determined by the same method and calculated to meet the requirements (General rule 0941).
- Other items shall be in accordance with the relevant regulations under Film (General rule 0125).
Content determination
- measured by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).
- chromatographic conditions and system applicability test with eighteen alkyl silane bonded silica as filler; Acetonitrile water (45:55) as mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 200nnn. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 3000 based on the calculation of norethisterone peak. The separation degree of norethisterone peak and ethinyl estradiol peak shall meet the requirements.
- determination: Take 10 pieces of this product, cut them into fragments, put them in a 100ml measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol, heat them in a hot water bath for 30 minutes, and shake them from time to time to dissolve norethisterone and ethinylestradiol, cool, dilute to the scale with anhydrous ethanol, shake, filter, take the filtrate as the test solution, and inject 50ul into the liquid chromatograph to record the chromatogram; another reference substance of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol was carefully weighed, dissolved and quantitatively diluted with absolute ethanol to prepare a solution containing 60ug of norethisterone and 3.5ug of ethinylestradiol per lml, which was determined by the same method. According to the external standard method to calculate the peak area, that is.
category
birth control pills.
storage
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update:2022-01-01 13:43:29
17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone - Reference Information
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
pharmacological action | norethisterone is a derivative of 19-desmethyltestosterone, an oral progestogen. Its progestin activity is 4 times of the activity of the product of estrogen and androgen activity is weak. It inhibits the secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone (LHRH) and reduces the sensitivity of the body to LHRH by stimulating the anterior pituitary to achieve the purpose of blocking the release of gonadotropin, produces an effect of suppressing ovulation. Oral administration of this product 0.5~4 hours blood drug concentration can reach the peak, Half-Life of 5~14 hours, most of the metabolites excreted by the kidney. |
indications | norethisterone is used as a short-acting oral contraceptive mainly in combination with estrogens such as ethinylestradiol. Single application of a larger dose, can also play a contraceptive effect, can increase the cervical mucus consistency, to prevent sperm penetration fertilization, while inhibiting the growth of endometrial glands, affecting the implantation of pregnant eggs, it can be used as a quick-acting family visit contraceptive. It is easily absorbed by oral administration. |
dose and usage | oral, 1.25~5mg, 1~2 times a day. used as short-acting oral contraceptives: including compound Norethisterone Tablets, film or paper and oral contraceptive tablets (film) No. 0, from the 5th day of the menstrual cycle, 1 tablet daily, the drug should be taken after dinner (for night shift workers) for 22 days without interruption. The drug should be continued on the 5th day after menstruation. as a family visit contraceptive: the family visit contraceptive pill is taken from the same night as cohabitation, 1 pill (5mg) every night, 10 pills must be taken within 10 days of cohabitation; Half a month of cohabitation, 14 pills were taken; After 14 pills were taken for more than half a month, the patient was switched to short-acting contraceptive until the end of the family visit period. treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding: Take 1 tablet of Norethisterone Tablets, film or paper (2.5mg) every 8 hours, every 3 hours in case of emergency, after the bleeding was significantly reduced, it was changed to once every 8 hours, and then gradually reduced until the dose was maintained, 1 tablet QD, and then continued for 20 days, the patient was given ethinylestradiol 0.05mg or diethylstilbestrol 1mg daily for 20 days. Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis: from the 5th to the 7th day of menstruation, 2.5mg QD for 20 days. |
adverse reactions | Nausea, Vomit, Fatigue, drowsiness and other types of early pregnancy reaction and irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, breast swelling, rash, etc., generally can disappear, long-term application of a large number of sebum, acne or hirsutism and other phenomena. Lactating women can cause reduced milk, occasionally breakthrough bleeding. Have uterine fibroids, hypertension and liver, kidney disease history, breast lumps were used with caution or disabled. |
function and use | norethisterone is a 19-demethyltestosterone derivative, which is a strong oral progestogen, and mild androgen and estrogen activity. Can block the release of gonadotropin, inhibit ovulation, maintain the role of pregnancy is weak. For oral contraception, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, female infertility, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea. |
Clinical application | 1. Treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding: 5mg every 8 hours for 3 days, once every 12 hours after stopping bleeding, and 2.5-3.75mg every time for 2 weeks after 7 days; 2. Dysmenorrhea, endometrial hyperplasia: 5~7 days in the beginning of menstruation, 1 times a day, each 2.5mg, even 20 days. |
Use | progestins, for irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding, endometriosis, etc |
production method | 1. Can be synthesized from acetic acid pregnancy alcohol ketone 2. Preparation Method: 15g of potassium hydroxide, 120ml of toluene and 200ml of isobutanol were added to a reaction flask equipped with a distillation apparatus, and nitrogen was introduced into the reaction flask, followed by heating and azeotropic dehydration until the water was completely removed. Add 100mL Tetrahydrofuran, control about 30 deg C into acetylene gas, 25 deg C for 6H (acetylene absorption volume of 200 times). Cooling to 0 °c, continue to acetylene 100 times. Add a solution of 10g(0.037mol) of 4-androstene-19-desmethyl-3, 17-Dione (2) in 60ml of tetrahydrofuran and react for 12H below 5 °c, at the same time, acetylene gas was continuously introduced. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was neutralized to pH 1 to 2 with 30% sulfuric acid, and the reaction temperature was controlled not to exceed 40 °c. When tetrahydrofuran was distilled off under reduced pressure until a solid precipitated, steam distillation was performed to remove toluene. It is cooled to 25 deg C below, Suction filtration, filter cake is washed with water to neutral, dry, obtain crude norethisterone (1). The crude product is washed once with 1.5 times 95% ethanol, washed once with 1 times 70% ethanol, recrystallized with 15 times 95% ethanol, and decolorized with activated carbon. The filtrate was filtered, ethanol was recovered, cooled, crystallized, filtered and dried to obtain norethisterone (1),mp201~208 °c, yield 93%. [1] |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update:2024-04-09 21:11:58