Molecular Formula | C13H19NO4 |
Molar Mass | 253.29 |
Density | 1.104±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 178-183°C(lit.) |
Boling Point | 351.8±42.0 °C(Predicted) |
Flash Point | 166.6°C |
Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents. |
Vapor Presure | 4.01E-05mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | Solid |
Color | Yellow |
Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['374nm(EtOH)(lit.)'] |
pKa | 3.50±0.70(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
Refractive Index | 1.489 |
MDL | MFCD00005951 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Light yellow powder or needle Crystal, non-toxic, tasteless, light color gradient deep, easy to oxidize, soluble in hot ethanol, slightly soluble in water. 3, 5-dicarboethoxy-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine is a dihydropyridine derivative that has been tested for antibacterial activity. |
Use | Used as a feed additive |
Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | US7970100 |
HS Code | 29333990 |
Toxicity | LD50 oral in dog: > 12gm/kg |
Raw Materials | Ethyl Alcohol Methenamine |
Introduction | Dihydropyridine was first discovered by the former Soviet Union. At that time, it was only used as an antioxidant for animal and vegetable oils to prevent oil rancidity. Until the 2070s, it was discovered that dihydropyridine not only has an antioxidant effect, but also promotes the growth of livestock and poultry. |
feed additive | dihydropyridine is a new type of green multifunctional feed additive with a wide range of biological functions. it is used in medicine as a health medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and has the effects of treating fatty liver, toxic hepatitis, anti-aging and anti-precocious. Further scientific research found that dihydropyridine has the functions of promoting animal growth, improving fur quality, increasing lean meat percentage, improving reproductive performance, preventing and resisting diseases. dihydropyridine was originally synthesized and applied by scientists in the former Soviet Union. because of its certain functions as a natural antioxidant VE, it was mainly used as an antioxidant for animal and vegetable oils as early as the 2030s. in the 70s, former Soviet Union Latvian experts (Valdman A R etal. 1997) Since it was discovered that it has the effect of promoting the growth of livestock and poultry, countries around the world have successively carried out related studies, and found that dihydropyridine has the functions of promoting the growth of livestock and poultry, improving the quality of livestock and poultry products, improving the reproductive performance of livestock and poultry, and preventing diseases. The research on dihydropyridine in China began in the early 1980s, and has been mass-produced and put into use by many manufacturers, with good experimental results. Dihydropyridine can inhibit the peroxidation process of lipid compounds, thereby preventing the oxidation of biofilms, and has a protective effect on tissue cells in the body. It has certain functions of natural antioxidant vitamin E. Therefore, it can increase the daily weight gain of livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, quails, etc., especially the conception rate of dairy cows during the emotional period, the semen quality of breeding bulls and the fertilization rate of breeding broilers, and it can inhibit the formation of fat in animals and increase the carcass lean meat ratio |
mechanism of action | dihydropyridine can increase the activity of glucoenzyme 6-phosphate in biofilm, stabilize biological cell tissue, stabilize membrane proteins and binding enzymes to maintain the normal structure and function of cell membrane system. Inhibit the oxidation of biofilm in animals, the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, and eliminate the "garbage" in the body-the destructive effect of superoxide free radicals on cells and tissues, thereby ensuring the vitality of the animal liver and other organs, and making the organs in the body perform normally Function, improve the body's immunity; at the same time, it can affect animal endocrine, regulate the level of important production and regulation hormones such as T3, T4, FSH, and LH in the serum, so as to improve the growth and reproduction performance of animals and improve the quality of animal products. |
application in aquaculture | 1. promote the growth performance of livestock and poultry and improve product quality dihydropyridine can increase the daily weight gain of livestock and poultry, increase the utilization rate of crude protein in feed, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, improve the water power of muscle, and improve the water retention performance of meat, ensure that the muscle is rich in aromatic substances, muscle juicy, a variety of fresh peptides are effectively protected, tenderness and fresh flavor enhanced, prolong the shelf life. 3. lowering fat and protecting liver, improving lean meat percentage dihydropyridine can significantly reduce fat synthesis ability and FAS (fat synthase) activity, promote the decomposition of liver fat, and effectively prevent the occurrence of fatty liver syndrome. At the same time, it significantly inhibits body fat, improves body shape, significantly increases the proportion of edible parts, and increases lean meat rate and slaughter rate. 4. Improve the production performance of livestock and poultry During the laying period of poultry, significantly increase the laying rate of poultry during the whole feeding period, reduce the feed-to-egg ratio, extend the laying period, and increase the weight of eggs and reduce the shelling rate; Significantly increase the lactation of female animals, the milk is sufficient when young animals are weaned, and the stress response is significantly reduced, there is almost no weaning stress diarrhea, and the growth momentum is good in the later stage, significantly improve the birth weight, daily gain, weaning litter weight and individual weight of young animals, with good population uniformity and high survival rate; and effectively prevent the occurrence of recessive mastitis. 5. increasing the reproduction rate of livestock and poultry dihydropyridine can significantly increase the ejaculation volume of male livestock, improve semen quality and fertilization rate. Significantly promote the growth and maturation of follicles and the growth and proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells, and increase the number of effective egg cells, effectively inhibit the occurrence of follicular atresia; it can significantly increase the conception rate, birth rate, live litter number and litter The number of healthy litters, comprehensively increase the reproduction rate (the increase in the number of litters can be significantly compared after 2 to 3 births), and extend the planting period. 6. enhance the body's immunity and anti-stress ability, improve the survival rate dihydropyridine can promote the growth of spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil and supraminal sac, effectively enhance the cellular immune function, and significantly improve the survival rate in the same environment. Feeding during vaccination or disease epidemics is beneficial to enhance immunity and disease resistance. Enhance the body's anti-stress response, especially the comprehensive response of nutritional stress such as ascites caused by oxidative stress, cold and heat stress, nutritional imbalance, digestion and absorption rate and growth rate decline, and better Improve the quality of fur, bright hair color, oily and smooth, effectively improve the commercial value of slaughter; effectively reduce the mortality caused by stress during transportation, and reduce the incidence of PSE meat caused by slaughter stress. |
dihydropyridine calcium antagonist | in recent years, dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (CCB) has been widely used in clinic, showing good curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. There are many kinds of such drugs, and the differences in chemical structure and action site determine the use of different drugs in different clinical fields. Nimodipine, as a highly selective dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that acts on cerebral blood vessels, is widely used in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Combined with CCB acting on peripheral blood vessels, nimodipine can comprehensively cover the damage of multiple vascular beds such as heart, brain and kidney. Its efficacy and safety have been supported by more and more evidences, and it is expected to become a new strategy for combined therapy. Dihydropyridine CCB has the dual effects of lowering blood pressure and anti-atherosclerosis. These drugs can be divided into two categories: central and peripheral according to the different main targets. Central dihydropyridine CCB (such as nimodipine) mainly acts on cerebral blood vessels and plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Peripheral dihydropyridine CCB (such as nifedipine) mainly acts on the heart and peripheral blood vessels, with clear antihypertensive effect and cardioprotective effect. Most dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (such as nicardipine, nitrendipine) are mainly used to expand peripheral blood vessels, which can significantly reduce system blood pressure. Some dihydropyridine CCBs (such as nilavadipine) are mainly used to improve myocardial blood supply. The antihypertensive CCB represented by nifedipine can simultaneously expand coronary arteries and peripheral blood vessels, increase myocardial oxygen supply in patients with coronary artery spasm, relieve and prevent coronary artery spasm, inhibit myocardial contraction and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, it can relax peripheral resistance blood vessels, reduce cardiac afterload and reduce blood pressure. The pharmacological properties of nifedipine determine that it has a strong antihypertensive effect and cardioprotective effect, and plays an important role in the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. |
safety | this product is absorbed through gastrointestinal tract in animals and excreted with urine. the marked metabolites in feces and urine excreta account for 97% ~ 99% of the food intake. It rarely remains in other organs and tissues, and does not produce mutations and embryo poisoning in animals. Its LD50>10 000mg/kg body weight is non-toxic, has no side effects and is safe to feed. |
use | as a feed additive is a novel multifunctional feed additive, which can significantly promote the growth of livestock, poultry, fish, shrimp, cattle and sheep and other animals, and improve production and reproduction performance as a hydrogen source, it is used in organic catalytic reducing amination reaction and conjugate reduction reaction. |