2-hydroxyacetate

2-hydroxyacetate - Names and Identifiers

Name	Glycolic acid
Synonyms	Total acid Glycolic acid glycollic acid 2-hydroxyacetate AKOS BBS-00004277 AHA-glycolic acid Hydroxyacetic acid 2-HYDROXYACETIC ACID Hydroxyethanoic acid Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy- GLYCOLIC ACID SIGMAULTRA
CAS	79-14-1
EINECS	201-180-5
InChI	InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)/p-1
InChIKey	AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

2-hydroxyacetate - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C2H4O3
Molar Mass	76.05
Density	1.25g/mLat 25°C
Melting Point	75-80 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	112°C
Flash Point	112°C
Water Solubility	SOLUBLE
Solubility	Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid and ether. H2O: 50 mg/mL
Vapor Presure	10.8 hPa (80 °C)
Appearance	Colorless crystal
Color	White to off-white
Merck	14,4498
BRN	1209322
pKa	3.83(at 25℃)
PH	2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition	Store below +30°C.
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.424
MDL	MFCD00004312
Physical and Chemical Properties	The pure product was colorless deliquescent crystal. Industrial 70% aqueous solution, light yellow liquid, with a caramel-like odor. melting point 80 ℃ boiling point 100 ℃ (decomposition) relative density 1.49 flash point 300 ℃ (decomposition) solubility: soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
Use	Used as leather auxiliary, water disinfectant, milk shed disinfectant, boiler detergent, etc

2-hydroxyacetate - Risk and Safety

Hazard Symbols	C - Corrosive
Risk Codes	R34 - Causes burns R22 - Harmful if swallowed R20 - Harmful by inhalation
Safety Description	S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S23 - Do not breathe vapour.
UN IDs	UN 3265 8/PG 3
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	MC5250000
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	2918 19 98
Hazard Class	8
Packing Group	II
Toxicity	LD50 orally in rats: 1.95 g/kg, H. F. Smyth et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 23, 259 (1941)

2-hydroxyacetate - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials

Sodium hydroxide

2-hydroxyacetate - Reference

Reference

1. Chen Guitian, Guo Siqin, Shi Jun, et al. Determination and physicochemical properties of allantoin and glycolic acid in snail mucus [J]. Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 034(006):5-9.

2-hydroxyacetate - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

colorless crystals, slightly hygroscopic. Soluble in methanol, ethyl ketone, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and ether, but almost insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents. Non-flammable, odorless, low toxicity, strong biological decomposition, high water solubility, is almost non-volatile organic compounds. By high heat decomposition, emission of irritating smoke. Powder and air can form an explosive mixture, when it reaches a certain concentration, when Mars will be an explosion.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

2-hydroxyacetate - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

by reacting chloroacetic acid with sodium hydrohydride, esterifying with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid, and then hydrolyzing, methanol was recovered by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a finished glycolic acid. Alternatively, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide are condensed in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride to produce glycolic acid.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:52

2-hydroxyacetate - Introduction

Slightly hygroscopic, slightly irritating to skin and mucous membranes, pH of aqueous solution: 2 · 5(0 · 5%), 2 · 33(1 · 0%), 2 · 16(2 · 0%), 1 · 91(5 · 0%), 1 · 73(10 · 0%). Low toxicity, half lethal dose (rat, oral) 1950mg/kg. It's corrosive.

Last Update：2022-10-16 17:28:54

2-hydroxyacetate - Use

Open Data Verified Data

used as a cleaning agent, it can fully react with rust scale, calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like in the equipment to achieve the purpose of descaling. It is easy to remove calcium carbonate scale and iron scale, and has good treatment effect. The corrosion of the material is very low, and the precipitation of organic acid iron does not occur when cleaning. The use of glycolic acid for chemical cleaning is less dangerous and easy to operate.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:53

2-hydroxyacetate - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

rat oral LDso;1950mg/kg; Guinea pig oral 1920mg/kg. This product has a stimulating effect on the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Extremely severe burn effects on the skin and eyes. Pure glycolic acid oral mild toxicity, because it has a strong acid, it is best not to contact with the skin, the operation should wear acid-resistant clothing and wear protective glasses. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Packaging is required to be sealed and not to be in contact with air. Should be stored separately from the oxidant, acid, alkali.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:53

2-hydroxyacetate - Reference Information

LogP	-1.07 at 20℃
NIST chemical information	information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
Introduction	glycolic acid, also known as glycolic acid, glycolic acid, is also an important organic synthesis intermediates and chemical products, widely used in organic synthesis, cleaning, electroplating, textile, leather, sterilization and other industries. In recent years, scientific research has found that glycolic acid polymers are biodegradable, which solves the problem of difficult degradation of traditional plastic products, and can be widely used in medicine, packaging and many other fields.
Application	glycolic acid can be used to prepare high molecular weight polyglycolic acid. Traditional polymer materials such as PET, PE, PP, PS and so on have brought a lot of convenience to people's lives and played an important role in social and economic development, and its own in the Earth's environment can not be degraded or difficult to degrade, resulting in serious "white pollution, various countries and regions have issued" Plastic Limit order ", the development of biodegradable, environmentally friendly polymer materials to replace the traditional non-degradable polymer materials has become an important research direction.
Use	is an important chemical raw material, used as raw materials for the manufacture of ethylene glycol, menthyl glycolate and quinine glycolate. Tanning agents, hair dyes, leather dyeing agents, fiber dyeing agents, adhesives, metal chelating agents, petroleum demulsifiers, electroplating agents, aluminum plate Etchants, crosslinking agents for cellulose fabrics, Stainless Steel Electropolishing agents and the like can also be prepared. Also used in food processing plants and cattle and shed of cleaning agents, disinfectants, Boiler Scale Inhibitors, copper and other metal surface treatment agents, as well as the preparation of skin care cosmetics. it can be used as a raw material for organic synthesis, such as leather auxiliary, water disinfectant, milk shed disinfectant, boiler detergent, etc. It can be used for the production of ethylene glycol. Glycolic acid is mainly used as a cleaning agent. 2% glycolic acid and 1% formic acid mixed acid, is a kind of high efficiency and low cost detergent, suitable for cleaning air conditioner; Can prepare fiber dyeing agent, detergent, welding agent ingredients, varnish ingredients, copper corrosion agents, adhesives, petroleum demulsifiers and metal chelating agents; Sodium and potassium glycolic acid salts are used as bath additives. Other uses include electrolytic grinding, metal pickling, leather dyeing and tanning agents. It can also be used as a reagent for chemical analysis. used in organic synthesis, daily chemical additives to replace fruit acid mainly used in wool and acrylic fiber dyeing agent, also used as the production of ethylene glycol, menthyl glycolate and quinine glycolate raw materials and tartaric acid substitutes. Analytical reagents, pH control, organic synthesis, preparation of menthol and quinine esters, hair dye formulation.
skin moisturizing	the mechanism of Glycolic acid is to reduce the adhesion of keratinocytes by interfering with cell surface binding, accelerate the shedding and renewal of epidermal cells, stimulate the synthesis of dermal collagen and enhance the function of moisturizing. The hydroxyl group in the glycolic acid has a strong water absorption ability, and the substance can promote the generation of a natural moisturizing factor after penetrating into the dermis, so it can keep moisture.
preparation	a process for producing glycolic acid from methyl glycolate, comprising the following steps: 1) methyl glycolate and water are added to the distillation column at a molar ratio of 1:5 to 30. Under the action of resin solid acid catalyst, vacuum is pumped to 10 ~ 101kPaA and heated to the boiling of the kettle, the boiling temperature is 80~85 ℃, and the reaction distillation is carried out. During the reaction, the temperature of the liquid temperature in the column kettle is kept unchanged, and the methanol condensate is continuously recovered at the top of the column, and the total reflux is 10~30min, the reflux ratio is adjusted to 0.5~3, the reaction time is 2~6h, and the aqueous solution of Glycolic acid is recovered from the column; 2) the aqueous solution of glycolic acid obtained in step 1) is concentrated by evaporation, concentrate the mass content of glycolic acid in the aqueous solution of glycolic acid to 70-90wt%;3) decolorize to colorless; 4) crystallize the product obtained in step 3) to precipitate crystalline glycolic acid, the glycolic acid crystals are separated by filtration, rinsed, and dried in vacuum to obtain finished glycolic acid crystals; 5) The filtrate in step 4) is directly concentrated or mixed with the aqueous glycolic acid solution obtained in step 1) and concentrated, repeat steps 2) to 4) for recycling.
production method	1. Chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid in alkaline conditions of hydrolysis to get crude, and then by methanol esterification of methyl hydroxyacetate, distillation and hydrolysis to get the product. 2. High temperature and high pressure method from formaldehyde, carbon dioxide and water reaction. From formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid as raw materials, by cyanation synthesis and acid hydrolysis. Sodium cyanide method with formaldehyde, sodium cyanide as raw material, by adding cyanide and acid hydrolysis in two steps.
toxic substance data	information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)