60-29-7
Ether
CAS: 60-29-7;927820-24-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O
60-29-7 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Ether |
| Synonyms | Ether pronarcol Ethyl ether Ethoxyethane Diethyl Oxide Diethyl ether Di ethyl ether ALCOHOL - ETHER ETHYL ETHER pure Anesthetic ether 1,1'-Oxybisethane Ethyl ether absolute Ethyl ether,anhydrous ALCOHOL-ETHER MIXTURE ETHER METHANOL SOLVENT |
| CAS | 60-29-7 927820-24-4 |
| EINECS | 200-467-2 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C4H10O/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 |
60-29-7 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H10O |
| Molar Mass | 74.12 |
| Density | 0.714 |
| Melting Point | -116 °C |
| Boling Point | 34.6°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | -40°F |
| Water Solubility | 69 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol (96 per cent), with methylene chloride and with fatty oils. It is highly flammable. |
| Vapor Presure | 28.69 psi ( 55 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.6 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.714 (20/4℃) ; 0.712 (25℃) |
| Color | max. 10 |
| Odor | Pungent odor detectable at 0.33 ppm |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1200 mg/m3 (400 ppm) (ACGIHand OSHA); STEL 1500 mg/m3 (500 ppm)(ACGIH). |
| Merck | 14,3806 |
| Storage Condition | Store at RT. |
| Stability | Stable, but light-sensitive, sensitive to air. May contain BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) as a stabilizer. Substances to be avoided include zinc, halogens, halogen-halogen compounds, |
| Explosive Limit | 1.7-36%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.3530(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless volatile liquid flow, aromatic odor. With hygroscopicity, sweet taste. boiling point 34.5 ℃ freezing point -116.3 ℃ relative density 0.7145 refractive index 1.3527 flash point -49 ℃ soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform and petroleum, slightly soluble in water. |
| Use | Mainly used as solvents, anesthetics and chemical reagents |
60-29-7 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R12 - Extremely Flammable R19 - May form explosive peroxides R22 - Harmful if swallowed R66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN 1155 3/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | KI5775000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2909 11 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | I |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 1215 mg/kgLC50 inhal (rat) 73,000 ppm (2 h)PEL (OSHA) 400 ppmSTEL (ACGIH) 500 ppm |
60-29-7 - Upstream Downstream Industry
60-29-7 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent tertiary volatile liquid. With ethanol, benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether and other arbitrary miscibility. Slightly soluble in water. See light or long-standing air, gradually oxidized to peroxide. Generally, 0.1% of 2,6-= tert-butyl-p-cresol is added as a stabilizer. Its vapor and air to form an explosive mixture, in the case of open flame, high heat, easy to burn explosion. A strong reaction with an oxidizing agent can occur. Exposure to air or under light conditions can generate peroxides with a potential risk of explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
60-29-7 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
sodium bisulfite solution was added to the industrial diethyl ether and washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution containing 5% sodium hydroxide. It is then washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution containing a small amount of sulfuric acid and then with a saturated sodium chloride solution. Finally, the distillation can be carried out under the protection of ammonia gas.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:16
60-29-7 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
used as an analytical reagent. For the analysis of phosphorus, detection of urine 17 ketone and used as solvents, leaching agents, anesthetics.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:17
60-29-7 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50:1215mg/kg; Rat inhalation 2hlcso: 73000x10-6. In case of high fever, the internal pressure of the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion. Should be kept away from the fire source. It cannot be stored and mixed with oxidant, fluorine, chlorine, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:17
60-29-7 - Reference Information
| relative polarity | 2.9 |
| freezing point | -116.3 ℃ |
| Henry's Law Constant | 12.50(x 10-4 atm?m3/mol at 25 °C) (Signer et al., 1969) |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| purification and water removal method | common ether usually contains 2% ethanol and 0.5% water. Long-standing ether often contains a small amount of peroxide peroxide inspection and removal: in the clean and test tube put 2~3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, 1ml 2% potassium iodide solution (if potassium iodide solution has been air oxidation, dilute sodium sulfite solution drop to yellow disappear) and 1~2 drops of starch solution, mixed evenly after adding ether, blue indicates the presence of peroxides. In addition to the oxide can be used to newly prepared ferrous sulfate dilute solution (preparation method is FeSO4? H2O 60g,100ml of water and 6mL of concentrated sulfuric acid). 100ml of diethyl ether and 10ml of a freshly prepared ferrous sulfate solution were washed several times in a separatory funnel until no peroxide was present. Alcohol and water inspection and removal: diethyl ether into a small amount of potassium permanganate powder and sodium hydroxide. After placement, the surface of the sodium hydroxide was attached with a brown resin, which demonstrated the presence of alcohol. The presence of water was checked with anhydrous copper sulfate. Most of the water was removed with anhydrous calcium chloride and then dried over sodium metal. The method is: 100ml of diethyl ether in a dry Erlenmeyer flask, add 20-25g anhydrous calcium chloride, the bottle is closed with a cork, placed for more than one day, and intermittent shaking, and then distilled, Fractions from 33 to 37 °c were collected. 1g of metallic sodium was directly pressed into sodium wire by a sodium pressurizer and placed in a bottle containing ether, and stoppers were used with a cork with a calcium chloride drying tube. Alternatively, a glass tube in which a capillary tube is drawn at the end is inserted into the cork, so that both the immersion of moisture and the escape of the generated gas can be prevented. It can be used without bubbles; After placement, if the surface of the sodium wire has turned yellow and coarse, it must be distilled once again, and then pressed into the sodium wire. |
| identification test | solubility insoluble in water, miscible in ethanol and chloroform. According to the OT-42 method. The relative density of d420 was 0.714~0.716. According to the conventional method of measurement. |
| toxicity | ADI value is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). |
| purpose | in organic synthesis is mainly used as solvent extractant and reaction medium commonly used as analytical reagents, solvent and extractant, also used in organic synthesis extraction solvent. According to the provisions of GB 2760-90, used as food processing aids. ether is mainly used as a solvent in organic synthesis. Ether is very soluble in water, so it can be used to extract organic matter dissolved in water. Ether can also dissolve bromine, iodine, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium oxide, iron oxide, stannous chloride and mercury chloride and other inorganic substances. Ether itself does not dissolve nitrocellulose, but the mixture of ether and ethanol is a good solvent for nitrocellulose, which is used in the production of smokeless propellant, cotton gum and photographic film. Ether is often used as the extractant or reaction medium for natural products. However, the volatility of ether is large, and it is narcotic, and its use as a solvent is limited. Ether was the first successful surgical anesthetic to be tested. Its advantage is the role of strong, safe, heart and liver and liver toxicity, muscle relaxation is more complete, do not need to add muscle relaxation drugs. The disadvantage is the stimulation of the mucosa, anesthesia induction period is longer, there is the risk of combustion and explosion, and the recovery of adverse reactions more, tend to use less or not. used as analytical reagent, chromatographic reagent and solvent mainly used as solvent, anesthetic and chemical reagent |
| production method | 1. Ethanol-sulfuric acid method ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid as dehydrating agent, reaction at 130-135 deg C, the formation of ether (speculated that the reaction mechanism is Mr. into ethyl sulfate, and then with ethanol to generate ether), and then neutralized, fractionation, to obtain the finished product. The main industrial source of ether is the by-product of hydration of ethylene to ethanol. When the solid phosphoric acid catalyst is used to catalyze the hydration of ethylene to ethanol, about 2-3% of the yield of ether is formed, while in the sulfuric acid hydration method, the yield of ether can reach 8-10%. The reaction conditions may be adjusted as needed, and the ratio of ethanol to ether may be varied or used exclusively for the production of ether. Raw material consumption quota: ethanol (95%)1400kg/t, sulfuric acid (98%)45kg/t. obtained by fractionation after dehydration of ethanol or ethylene under sulfuric acid. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1215 mg/kg; Inhalation-mouse LC50: 6500 PPM/ 99 minutes |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 360 mg mild; Eye-rabbit 100 mg moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; Combustion stimulus smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, dry stone powder, carbon dioxide, foam |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1200 mg/m3; Tel 1500 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 160°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 1, 6PPM [10% LEL] |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:09
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