Name | 4',4''-Di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-p-benzenediacrylanilide dihydrochloride |
Synonyms | GW4869 CS-2410 GW69A, GW554869A N-SMase Inhibitor GW4869 dihydrochloride GW 4869 (hydrochloride hydrate) 4',4''-Di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-p-benzenediacrylanilide dihydrochloride |
CAS | 6823-69-4 |
Molecular Formula | C30H29N6O3X |
Molar Mass | 521.58966 |
Melting Point | >300 °C |
Solubility | DMSO: 0.044 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic and warming) |
Appearance | Morphological powder |
Color | light yellow to yellow |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Bioactive GW4869 (GW69A, GW554869A) is a non-competitive inhibitor of neutral Smase (sphingomyelinase) with an IC50 of 1 μM. It is selective for N-SMase and has no inhibitory effect on acidic SMase at concentrations up to 150 μM. |
Use | Use GW4869 is a N-SMase inhibitor that can control the biological activity of N-SMase. This small molecule/inhibitor is mainly used for cell signaling. |
In vitro study | GW4869 was inhibited by N-SMase in an in vitro cell model. GW4869 does not significantly disrupt TNF-induced NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, and therefore, GW4869 does not interfere with other key signaling effects mediated by TNF. By detecting nuclear concentration, caspase activation, PARP degradation and trypan blue uptake, GW4869 was found to protect cells from death in a concentration-dependent manner, at the same time, the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and the activation of caspase 9 were significantly inhibited, so N-SMase activation should be located upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction. At concentrations as high as 150 μm, GW4869 had no inhibitory effect on the cloned human A- SMase, and had no or only weak inhibitory activity against other hydrolytic enzymes such as bacterial phosphatidylcholine-PLC and bovine PP2A, compared with human lyso-PAF PLC, the activity of this enzyme in rat brain was more significant. |
In vivo study | Systemic administration (GW4869) did not alter ceramide or sphingomyelin levels in the liver, heart, or skeletal muscle, but decreased ceramide levels and increased sphingomyelin levels in the brain. Inhibition of nSMase2 by GW4869 delayed learning, and after administration of GW4869 to mice, did not reduce the delay in finding the covert platform after repeated training, indicating their learning disability in navigating the application of spatial cues. Intraperitoneal injection of GW4869 in mice reduced the levels of exosomes, ceramide, and Aβ1-42 plaque burden in their brains and serum. GW4869 reduces amyloid plaque formation in vivo by preventing exosomal secretion, and GW4869 is less toxic at concentrations that achieve inhibition of physiological effects caused by nSMase2 (I. E., effective concentrations). |
Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
Reference Show more | 1. Chen Tao, Gao Shaoying, Hao Yi, Zhang Feifei, Tang, Xiu, Jun, Wei in rongdali, Qi, Jianping. Exosomes from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells promote fibroblast migration through micro RNA-135a [J]. Chinese Journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery, 2020, 34(02):234-239. |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg | |
---|---|---|---|
1 mM | 1.732 ml | 8.658 ml | 17.316 ml |
5 mM | 0.346 ml | 1.732 ml | 3.463 ml |
10 mM | 0.173 ml | 0.866 ml | 1.732 ml |
5 mM | 0.035 ml | 0.173 ml | 0.346 ml |
Target
Target Value
SMase
(Cell-free assay) 1 μM
in vitro studies
GW4869 inhibits N-SMase in an in vitro cell model. GW4869 does not significantly destroy TNF-induced NF-& kappa;B translocation into the nucleus, therefore, GW4869 does not interfere with other key signaling effects mediated by TNF. Through the detection of nuclear staining, caspase activation, PARP degradation and trypan blue absorption, it is found that GW4869 can protect cells from death in a concentration-dependent manner, and at the same time significantly inhibit the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and the activation of caspase9. Therefore, the activation of N-SMase should be located upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction. When the concentration is as high as 150 μM, GW4869 has no inhibitory effect on cloned human A- SMase, and has no or only weak inhibitory activity on other hydrolase enzymes such as bacterial phosphatidylcholine-PLC and bovine PP2A. Compared with human lyso-PAF PLC, the activity of this enzyme in rat brain is more significant.
In vivo studies
Systemic administration (GW4869) does not change the content of ceramide or sphingomyelin in liver, heart or skeletal muscle, but reduces the content of ceramide in brain and increases the content of sphingomyelin. nSMase2 inhibition by GW4869 can delay learning. After GW4869 is given to mice, the delay in finding hidden platforms after repeated training is not reduced, which indicates their learning disability in navigating spatial clues. Intraperitoneal injection of GW4869 into mice will reduce the levels of external body, brain ceramide and Aβ1-42 plaque load in the brain and serum. GW4869 reduces amyloid plaque formation in vivo by preventing exosome secretion. GW4869 is less toxic at a concentration (I. e. effective concentration) that inhibits nSMase2-induced physiological effects.