71-55-6
1,1,1-trichloroethane
CAS: 71-55-6
Molecular Formula: C2H3Cl3
71-55-6 - Names and Identifiers
71-55-6 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H3Cl3 |
| Molar Mass | 133.4 |
| Density | 1.336g/mLat 20°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −35°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 74-76°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 11°C |
| Water Solubility | 1.4 g/L (20 ºc) |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in ethyl alcohol; freely soluble in carbon disulfide, benzene, ethyl ether,methanol, carbon tetrachloride (U.S. EPA, 1985), and many other organic solvents. |
| Vapor Presure | 100 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 4.6 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Fluid |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 350 ppm (～1900 mg/m3)(ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); TLV-STEL450 ppm (～2450 mg/m3) (ACGIH); IDLH1000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 13,9710 |
| Storage Condition | 0-6°C |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.4366(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colourless liquid. Heat causes decomposition, forming toxic phosgene and corrosive hydrochloric acid vapours. Soluble in common organic solvents; insoluble in water. Not combustible. Approximate odour threshold 100ppm. Group V ozone depleting substance. |
71-55-6 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R20 - Harmful by inhalation R59 - Dangerous for the ozone layer R66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R19 - May form explosive peroxides R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S59 - Refer to manufacturer / supplier for information on recovery / recycling. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 2831 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | KJ2975000 |
| HS Code | 29031910 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(b) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for dogs 750 mg/kg, guinea pigs 9,470 mg/kg, mice 11,240 mg/kg, rats 10,300 mg/kg, rabbits 5,660 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
71-55-6 - Introduction
Open Data Unverified Data
1,1, 1-trichloroethane is a flammable, toxic, and irritating gas. In case of open flame, high energy combustion, and produce highly toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride smoke. Strong reactions with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals can occur. It can react with active metal powders (e. G., magnesium, aluminum, etc.) to cause decomposition.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:12
71-55-6 - Chemical properties and uses
Open Data Unverified Data
chemical properties
colorless transparent liquid with the odor of ether. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, benzene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ether and other organic solvents.
purpose
- mainly used as metal cleaning agent, textile dry cleaning agent, can also be used as adhesive and metal cutting additives and DAP resin polymerization solvent
- non-flammable solvent, can be used as cleaning agent, cleaning electronic components, can also be used as metal degreasing cleaning agent. Can also use the characteristics of low surface tension and high permeability of this product to determine the leakage of metal welds, can also be used as aerosol aerosol, flame resistant coating materials, cutting oil coolant and the production of low-toxicity non-combustible adhesive. Derivatives of trichloroethane are effective insecticides, intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. 1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane can be prepared by chlorination. By dehydrochlorination can produce vinylidene chloride.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:13
71-55-6 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent liquid with the odor of ether. Boiling point 74.0 °c. Melting Point -33. 0C, relative density (dio)1.3249. Viscosity (20 °c) 8.58 x 10 -4Pa.s. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, benzene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ether and other organic solvents. Non-combustible, low toxicity. Low surface tension (2.5 PA at 25 °c). With high efficiency, multi-functional dissolution capacity, metal inert, low latent heat, high vapor density, high permeability, good chemical stability. Under the influence of water, strong light, heat or electric arc or the induction of some salts, hydrolysis reaction may occur to produce phosgene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, vinylidene chloride and other products.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
71-55-6 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- The ethane chlorination method is obtained by chlorination of ethane (or ethylene).
- The vinylidene chloride hydrochlorination method is obtained by catalytic addition of vinylidene chloride and hydrogen chloride.
- vinyl chloride by hydrogen chloride from vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, vinylidene chloride, and then obtained by chlorination.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:10
71-55-6 - Production method
Open Data Unverified Data
- The ethane chlorination method is obtained by chlorination of ethane (or ethylene).
- The vinylidene chloride hydrochlorination method is obtained by catalytic addition of vinylidene chloride and hydrogen chloride.
- vinyl chloride by hydrogen chloride from vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, vinylidene chloride, and then obtained by chlorination.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:13
71-55-6 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
non-flammable solvent, can be used as cleaning agent, cleaning electronic parts, can also be used as metal degreasing cleaning agent. Can also use the characteristics of low surface tension and high permeability of this product to determine the leakage of metal welds, can also be used as aerosol aerosol, flame resistant coating materials, cutting oil coolant and the production of low toxicity non-combustible adhesive. Derivatives of trichloroethane are effective insecticides, intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. 1,1,1,2 A four chlorine ethane can be prepared by chlorination. By dehydrochlorination can produce vinylidene chloride.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:10
71-55-6 - Supplementary Information
Open Data Unverified Data
category pesticide
Toxicity grade: low toxicity
Acute oral toxicity-rat LD50 :9600 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 6000 mg/kg
Irritation data skin-rabbits 20 mg/24 h moderate; Eyes-rabbits 2 mg/24 h severe
Explosive hazard characteristics and mixture of air: Explosion on Mars when heated
Flammable hazard characteristics flammable, combustion decomposition of toxic chloride gas
Storage and Transportation characteristics the warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from food additives
Fire extinguishing agent mist water, foam, carbon dioxide.
Occupational Standard TWA 1900 mg/m3 SEL 2400 mg/m3
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:14
71-55-6 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- One of the chlorinated solvents with the lowest industrial toxicity. The oral dose of LDso in guinea pigs, rats and rabbits was 5~12 g/kg. Inhalation of 1,1,1 trichloroethane vapor can inhibit the central nervous system. The LCso value of the mouse was 18000mg/(kg · 3h).
- There are three types of white iron barrels for industrial use: lOOkg, 200kg, and 250kg. The reagents were filled in 500g glass bottles.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:10
71-55-6 - Precautions
Open Data Unverified Data
Overview of risk
- health hazards: acute poisoning mainly damages the central nervous system. Mild performance for Head Pain, dizziness, gait, ataxia, lethargy, etc.; Severe convulsions may occur, or even Coma. May cause arrhythmia. It has mild degreasing and irritation effect on skin.
- explosion hazard: This product is flammable, toxic and irritating.
first aid measures
- Skin Contact: remove contaminated clothing and rinse the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
- eye contact: lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or normal saline. The patient visited hospital.
- inhalation: rapid departure from the site to a place with fresh air. Keep airway unobstructed. Such as Dyspnea, to the delivery of oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. The patient visited hospital.
- ingestion: drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. The patient visited hospital.
fire fighting measures
- hazard characteristics: in case of open flame, high thermal energy combustion, and produce highly toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride smoke. Strong reactions with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals can occur. It can react with active metal powders (e. G., magnesium, aluminum, etc.) to cause decomposition.
- harmful combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene.
- fire extinguishing method: fire-fighting personnel shall wear gas masks and full-body fire-fighting suits, and fire-fighting in the upward wind direction. Spray water to keep the fire site container cool until the end of the fire.
- fire extinguishing agent: water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, sand.
emergency treatment of leakage
- emergency treatment: prompt evacuation of personnel from the leak-contaminated area to the safety zone, and proceed to Isolation, with strict restrictions on access. Cut off the fire source. Emergency personnel are advised to wear self-contained positive pressure respirator and anti-virus clothing. Access to the scene from upwind. Cut off the source of leakage as far as possible. To prevent the flow of sewage, flood drains and other restrictive space.
- small leakage: adsorption or absorption by sand or other incombustible materials.
- large amount of leakage: Construction of embankment or excavation for accommodation. Cover with foam to reduce vapor hazards. The explosion-proof pump is transferred to the tank car or a special collector for recycling or transportation to the waste treatment site for disposal.
handling and storage
- precautions for operation: provide adequate partial ventilation and full ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. It is recommended that the operator wear a direct type gas mask (half mask), safety full protection glasses, anti-virus infiltration work clothes and chemical protective gloves. Stay away from fire and heat source. No smoking is allowed in the workplace. The use of explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent vapor leakage into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants and alkalis. Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage. Fire fighting equipment and emergency treatment equipment for leakage shall be provided with corresponding varieties and quantities. Harmful substances may remain in the empty container.
- precautions for storage: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidant, alkali and edible chemicals, and mixed storage should not be avoided. With the corresponding varieties and quantity of fire fighting equipment. The storage area shall be equipped with emergency treatment equipment for leakage and appropriate containment materials.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:14
71-55-6 - Preparation Method
Open Data Unverified Data
ethane chloride method
obtained from the chlorination of ethane (or ethylene).
Hydrochlorination of vinylidene chloride
obtained by catalytic addition of vinylidene chloride and hydrogen chloride.
Hydrochlorination of vinyl chloride
from the role of vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, vinylidene chloride, and then obtained by chlorination.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:51:15
71-55-6 - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 2.77 at 40 °C, 4.27 at 50 °C, 6.31 at 60 °C, 7.91 at 70 °C, 8.98 at 80 °C (headspace-GC, Vane etal., 2001) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 20, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Use | 1,1, 1-trichloroethane is a good solvent in many organic compounds, it is also a halogen carbon Meridian compound containing with the least toxin. It can be used as a cleaning metal and circuit board, used in the electronic industry as a photo anti etching solvent, can be used as an aerosol propeller or cutting fluid additives, but also a removal of ink, printing, solvent for adhesive agents and other coatings. It is safe and effective to remove PVC from copper and silver hard coins placed in PVC containers for many years. 1,1, 1-trichloroethane has a characteristic that it does not soften most photographic films (movies/slides, etc.), also does not destroy the photographic emulsion of the backsheet in soil cleaning. On the other hand, the solvent of the other strand destroys the photosensitive emulsion, and therefore, they cannot be used for cleaning the substrate. mainly used as metal cleaning agent, textile dry cleaning agent, can also be used as adhesive and metal cutting additives and polymerization solvent of DAP resin, etc. non-flammable solvent, can be used as cleaning agent, cleaning of electronic components, can also be used as metal degreasing cleaning agent. Can also use the characteristics of low surface tension and high permeability of this product to determine the leakage of metal welds, can also be used as aerosol aerosol, flame resistant coating materials, cutting oil coolant and the production of low-toxicity non-combustible adhesive. Derivatives of trichloroethane are effective insecticides, intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. 1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane can be prepared by chlorination. By dehydrochlorination can produce vinylidene chloride. 1 1,1 trichloroethane has the characteristics of non-burn, non-explosion, micro-toxicity, strong dissolution ability and convenient use, and is mainly used as degreasing detergent for metal parts; Precision instrument cleaner, metal grease removal, insecticide; Printing machine, fiber detergent; Organic leather agent, aerosol additives; Can also be used as flame resistant coating materials, cold latex liquid and as a good solvent is widely used. |
| production method | in industry, acetylene is produced from vinyl chloride at 150-160 °c, mercuric chloride, the following is the reaction chemical equation: CH-CH + HCl → CH = CHCl vinyl chloride will be used to produce 1,1, 1-trichloroethane, typically by two processes. In the first step, vinyl chloride is reacted with hydrochloric acid at 20-50 ° C. To produce 1, 1-dichloroethane. The catalyst is aluminum chloride or zinc chloride. The following is the chemical equation of the reaction: CH2 = CHCl + HCl → CH3CHCl2 then, 1, 1-dichloroethane reacts with chlorine under ultraviolet radiation to convert to 1,1, 1-trichloroethane: CH3CHCl2 + Cl2 → CH3CCl3 + HCl about 80-90% of the product and the by-product hydrochloric acid can be reused in the first step. The most by-product is 1,1, 2-trichloroethane, and 1,1, 1-trichloroethane can be separated by distillation. The reaction of 1, 1-dichloroethylene with hydrogen chloride produces a small amount of 1,1, 1-trichloroethane. The most common catalyst is aluminum chloride: CH2 = CCl2 + HCl → CH3CCl3 1. The ethane chloride process is made by the chlorination of ethane (or ethylene). 2. Vinylidene chloride by hydrogen chloride from vinylidene chloride and hydrogen chloride by catalytic addition. Vinyl chloride by hydrogen chloride from vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, vinylidene chloride, and then obtained by chlorination. |
| safe | although 1,1, 1-trichloroethane is less toxic than most similar compounds, inhaled or ingested 1,1, 1-trichloroethane has a sedative effect on the central nervous system and its effects are similar to those of poisoning, including dizziness, confusion and loss of consciousness at high concentrations, even death. long-term contact of liquid 1,1, 1-trichloroethane with the skin removes fat from the skin and causes chronic irritation of the skin. In the study of experimental animals, it was shown that 1,1, 1-trichloroethane did not remain in the body for a long time. However, long-term exposure can lead to liver, kidney, and heart malformations. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to these compounds as this can lead to malformations in the infant. 1,1, 1-trichloroethane is lethal to insects. |
| category | pesticide |
| toxicity grade | low toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50 :9600 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 6000 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbits 20 mg/24 h moderate; eye-rabbit 2 mg/24 h severe |
| explosive hazard characteristics | when mixed with air and heated, it will burst on Mars |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable, toxic chloride gas decomposition during combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from food additives |
| extinguishing agent | water mist, foam, carbon dioxide. |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1900 mg/m3 PEL 2400 mg/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 700 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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