74-87-3
Chloromethane
CAS: 74-87-3
Molecular Formula: CH3Cl
74-87-3 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Chloromethane |
| Synonyms | CHLOROMETHANE Chloromethane METHYL CHLORIDE Methyl chloride chloromethane cyl. with 7 L (net ~5 kg) CHLOROMETHANE CYL. WITH 14.3 L (NET ~11.5 KG) CHLOROMETHANE, ANHYDROUS, 1.0M SOLUTION IN DIETHYL ETHER CHLOROMETHANE, ANHYDROUS, 1.0M SOLUTION IN TERT-BUTYL METHYL ETHER |
| CAS | 74-87-3 |
| EINECS | 200-817-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CH3Cl/c1-2/h1H3 |
74-87-3 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH3Cl |
| Molar Mass | 50.49 |
| Density | 0.915g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −97°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | −24.2°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | <-30°F |
| Water Solubility | 5.347g/L(24.9 ºC) |
| Solubility | water: soluble5.32g/L at 25°C |
| Vapor Presure | 3796 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 1.74 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Color | Colorless to Almost colorless |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 50 ppm (～105 mg/m3) (ACGIH),100 ppm (～210 mg/m3) (OSHA); ceiling100 ppm (MSHA), 200 ppm (OSHA); TLV STEL 100 ppm (ACGIH); carcinogenicity:Animal Inadequate Evidence, Human Inad equate Evidence |
| Merck | 14,6041 |
| BRN | 1696839 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. May react violently or explosively with interhalogens, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium or their alloys. Incompatible with natural rubber and neoprene composites, but does not attack PVA. |
| Explosive Limit | 19% |
| Refractive Index | 1.0007 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character colorless gas, can be compressed into a colorless liquid with ether odor and sweet taste. It has anesthetic effect. Flammable. melting point -97.7 ℃ boiling point -23.73 ℃ relative density 1.74 refractive index 1.0007 flash point <0 ℃ solubility slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform, ether and acetic acid miscible. |
| Use | Mainly used as raw materials of organic silicon, also used as solvent, refrigerant, perfume, etc |
74-87-3 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R12 - Extremely Flammable R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R48/20 - R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking R22 - Harmful if swallowed R19 - May form explosive peroxides R38 - Irritating to the skin R23/25 - Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1993 3/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | PA6300000 |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LC50 (inhalation) for mice 3,146 ppm/7-h, rats 152,000 mg/m3/30-min (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
74-87-3 - Upstream Downstream Industry
74-87-3 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
a colorless gas, which can be compressed into a colorless liquid with ether odor and sweet taste. It has anesthetic effect. Flammable. The relative density of the gas at 0 C is 1. 74 (Air 1). Boiling point -23. 73 °c. Melting Point -97.7 °c. Flash point (Open Cup)<0 °c. Refractive index: Gas 1- 0007; Liquid (1.3712. The critical temperature is 143.1. Critical pressure 6.7MPa (absolute pressure). Spontaneous ignition point 632. Viscosity: liquid (20 °c) 0.244 x 10-3Pa.s; Vapor (20 °c),0.62 x 10-3 cP. Heat of evaporation: 428 kJ/kg. Heat of fusion: 129 kJ/kg. Good thermal stability (below 400 ℃, no reaction with metal). Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform, ether and acetic acid miscibility. Corrosion of aluminium, magnesium and zinc.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
74-87-3 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- methanol chlorination this method uses methyl chloride as the only product. A certain proportion of hydrochloric acid and methanol with ferric chloride or zinc chloride as the catalyst for reaction, the formation of the crude product by drying, compression, condensation, liquid products.
- The methane is chlorinated by chlorine gas at high temperature, and the chlorinated product is absorbed by water to remove hydrogen chloride, and then the unreacted methane is separated by compression and condensation, the product methyl chloride and polychlorides were obtained by fractional distillation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:13:44
74-87-3 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
important methylating agent, used in the production of methyl cellulose, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, methyl mercaptan, Methyl gallate and so on. It is also used for the preparation of dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trimethylbutane and methylchlorosilane, tetramethyllead. It can also be used as a solvent for refrigerants, foaming agents, rubber, resins, organic compounds. It is used as a local anesthetic in medicine.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:13:44
74-87-3 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- toxic. Mouse LC3146 x 10 -6. Because methyl chloride has a fragrance, the effect is slow (delayed effect), the stimulation and anesthesia are weak, even if the dangerous concentration, the poisoning is still not felt, so the situation of chronic poisoning is more. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the workplace is 80mg/m3. Inhalation of a small amount of vapor for a long time can cause chronic or subacute poisoning, from Vertigo, drunk-like symptoms and cause loss of appetite, lethargy, walking inconvenience, movement failure, etc., may also appear visual impairment. Large inhalation can damage the heart muscle. Contact with liquid methyl chloride can cause frostbite. When the symptoms are severe, they present spasms, lethargy and death. Immediately after poisoning should leave the scene, emergency treatment.
- liquefied under pressure and stored in 500kg or loookg cylinders or tanks. The loading capacity is 300kg or 500kg, no over-loading. Form explosive mixture with air, explosion limit 8. 1%~ 17.2% (Volume), treatment, storage and transportation should be well ventilated, avoid sun exposure, keep below 40 ℃. According to the provisions of toxic substances storage and transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:13:45
74-87-3 - Nature
Chloromethane, molecular formula is CH3Cl. Also known as methyl chloride, it is a colorless and easy to liquefy gas. It has the smell of ether and sweetness. Relative density 0.92, melting point -97.6 ℃, boiling point -23.7 ℃, air specific gravity 1.785, refractive index 1.3712(-23.7 ℃). Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, glacial acetic acid, etc. It can form an explosive mixture with air, and the explosion limit is 8.1-17.2% (volume). Hydrolyzed to methanol and hydrochloric acid at high temperature, heated or exposed to fire to generate phosgene. Reacts with metallic magnesium to produce methyl magnesium chloride. Made from methane by chlorination and separation. Mainly used as a refrigerant, solvent, and methylation reagent for organic synthesis.
the inhalation of 6hr LC50 in mice is 6.6g/m3. Occupational poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of vapor, manifested as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, staggering gait, mental disorders, etc. In severe cases, delirium, convulsions, and coma may occur. There is ketone body smell in the exhaled breath. Chronic poisoning is manifested as drowsiness, lethargy, headache, paresthesia, emotional instability, irritability, etc., and more severe cases may have staggering gait, visual impairment and tremor. Prevention and control: do a good job in sealing pipelines and equipment. Wear a gas mask during maintenance.
Last Update：2024-04-16 09:38:08
74-87-3 - Preparation
there are many production methods of chloromethane, including methane chloride method, methanol chloride method, light chloride method, oxygen chloride method, etc. Some industrial processes also produce by-products of methyl chloride, such as trichlorfon, trichloraldehyde, natural gas chlorination to carbon tetrachloride and phosphamine. 1. Methane thermal chlorination is obtained by direct chlorination of methane and then separated from various chlorides. The production process of this method is similar to the production of dichloromethane. Under the reaction condition of 420 ℃, when the ratio of methane: chlorine = 10-6:1, methyl chloride is mainly obtained. 2. Methanol chloride method is obtained by the interaction of methanol and hydrogen chloride. This method is divided into liquid phase method and gas phase method.
(1) liquid phase method methanol gas and hydrochloric acid react in zinc chloride aqueous solution at 130-140 ℃ to generate methyl chloride, which is then washed, cooled, compressed and condensed by water.
(2) The gas phase method is formed by reacting methanol and hydrogen chloride gas through a solid alumina catalyst at 350°C. In addition, Cao De Company uses methanol and chlorine as raw materials to produce methyl chloride, which has improved the high-temperature gas phase method and has achieved industrialization. 3. Methane oxychlorination method It uses continuous circulation of molten inorganic salt as catalyst, and generates methyl chloride through catalytic nitriding, oxidative chlorination and dehydrochlorination. The yield of chloromethane is 75%-90% based on methane, and each ton of chloromethane consumes about 400kg of methane.
Last Update：2024-04-16 16:23:27
74-87-3 - Security information
| category | Combustible gas |
| toxicity classification | Poisoning |
| acute toxicity | Inhalation-rat LC50:5300 mg/m3/4 hours; Oral-rat LD50:1800 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | Mix open flame with air and explode when heated |
| flammability hazard characteristics | Open flame, heated and combustible; combustion produces toxic chloride smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dry at low temperature; it is lightly loaded and unloaded; it is stored separately from oxygen, air and other combustion-supporting gas cylinders |
| fire extinguishing agent | mist water, foam |
| occupational standards | TWA 105 mg/m3; STEL 210 mg/m3 |
Last Update：2024-04-16 16:23:46
74-87-3 - Security information
| dangerous goods mark | F ,Xn,T,F |
| hazard category code | 12-40-48/20-67-66-22-19-38-23/25-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-62-63 |
| safety instructions | 9-16-33-29-36-24-45-7-36/37 |
| dangerous goods transport number | UN 1993 3/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS number | PA6300000 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 1169 °F |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| HazardClass | 2.1 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| toxic substance data | 74-87-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LC50 (inhalation) for mice 3,146 ppm/7-h, rats 152,000 mg/m3/30-min (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
Last Update：2024-04-16 09:39:52
74-87-3 - Use
- Synthesis of methyl chlorosilane-methyl chlorosilane is an indispensable raw material for the preparation of silicone materials. General synthesis methods include Grignard method, organolithium method, condensation method, direct method, etc. At present, direct method is the only method for industrial production of methylchlorosilane. The process route is: firstly, the silicon ore (the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is greater than 99%) is carbon reduced at 1400 ℃ to obtain silicon blocks; the silicon blocks are crushed and ground to obtain silicon powder with a certain particle size; silicon powder and Chloromethane (CH3Cl) directly reacts to synthesize methyl chlorosilane.
- Used as a solvent in organic synthesis.
- used to produce methyl chlorosilane, tetramethyl lead, methyl cellulose, etc., a small amount is used to produce quaternary ammonium compounds, pesticides, and used as a solvent in the production of isobutyl rubber
- an important raw material for organic synthesis. Mainly used to produce organosilicon compounds-methyl chlorosilane, and methyl cellulose. It is also widely used as solvents, extractants, propellants, refrigerants, local anesthetics, methylation reagents, and used in the production of pesticides, medicines, fragrances, etc. About 80% of the chloromethane produced in the world is used to produce methylchlorosilane and tetramethyl lead, but because the antiknock compounds in gasoline are gradually replaced by lead-free substances, the consumption of tetramethyl lead is gradually decreasing.
- Mainly used as a raw material for silicone, but also as a solvent, refrigerant, perfume, etc.
Last Update：2024-04-16 09:40:09
74-87-3 - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | In seawater: 5.22 at 5 °C, 6.36 at 10 °C, 8.72 at 15 °C, 9.35 at 20 °C, 11.20 at 25 °C (Moore,2000) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 41, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | methyl chloride with molecular formula CH3Cl. Also known as methyl chloride, is a colorless and easily liquefied gas. There is the smell of ether and sweet taste. Relative density 0.92, melting point -97.6 ℃, boiling point -23.7 ℃, air specific gravity 1.785, refractive index 1.3712(-23.7 ℃). Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid, etc. It forms an explosive mixture with air with an explosive limit of 8.1-17.2% by volume. High Temperature Hydrolysis into methanol and hydrochloric acid, heating or fire to generate phosgene. Reaction with metallic magnesium to form methyl magnesium chloride. |
| application field | 1. Synthesis of methylchlorosilane methylchlorosilane is an indispensable raw material for the preparation of silicone materials. General synthesis methods are Grignard method, organic lithium method, condensation method, direct method and so on. At present, the direct method is the only method for the industrial production of methylchlorosilane. The process route is as follows: firstly, the silicon ore (the mass fraction of silica is greater than 99%) is reduced by carbon at 1400 ℃, and the Silicon block is obtained by cooling, A certain particle size of silicon powder was obtained. Methylchlorosilane was synthesized by direct reaction of silicon powder with CH3Cl. 2. Used as a solvent in organic synthesis. |
| Use | methyl chloride is an organic halide. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, acetone. For the production of methyl chlorosilane, tetramethyl lead, methyl cellulose, etc., a small amount of quaternary ammonium compounds for the production of pesticides, isobutyl rubber production as a solvent; Methyl chloride can also be used to produce organic silicon compounds-methyl chlorosilane, and methyl cellulose. It is also widely used as solvent, extractant, propellant, refrigerant, local anesthetic, methylation reagent, for the production of pesticides, medicines, spices and so on. used in the production of methylchlorosilane, tetramethyllead, methyl cellulose, etc., a small amount of quaternary ammonium compounds, pesticides, used as solvents in the production of isobutyl rubber important raw materials for organic synthesis. Mainly used for the production of organic silicon compounds-methyl silane, and methyl cellulose. It is also widely used as solvent, extractant, propellant, refrigerant, local anesthetic, methylation reagent, for the production of pesticides, medicines, spices and so on. About 80% of the methyl chloride produced in the world is used to produce methylchlorosilane and tetramethyllead, but the consumption of tetramethyllead is gradually decreasing because the antiknock compounds in gasoline are gradually replaced by lead-free compounds. mainly used as raw material of organic silicon, also used as solvent, refrigerant, perfume and so on |
| preparation | methyl chloride can be prepared from methane by chlorination and separation. |
| toxicity and prevention | mice inhaled 6hr LC50 was 6.6g/m3. Occupational poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of steam, manifested as Head Pain, vertigo, Nausea, Vomit, blurred vision, gait, mental disorders and so on. Severe cases may appear delirium, convulsions, Coma. Ketone body odor in exhaled breath. Chronic poisoning is characterized by drowsiness, drowsiness, Head Pain, paresthesia, emotional instability, irritability, etc., the more serious may be a step, visual impairment and tremor. Prevention and Control: do a good job in the pipeline, equipment closed. Wear a gas mask during maintenance. |
| production methods | There are many production methods of methyl chloride, including methane chlorination, methanol chlorination, photo-chlorination, oxychlorination, etc. Some industrial processes also produce methyl chloride, such as trichlorfon, chloral, natural gas chlorination to produce carbon tetrachloride and phosphorus amine production process. The thermal chlorination of methane is obtained by direct chlorination of methane, which is then separated from the various chlorides produced. The production process of this method is similar to that of dichloromethane. Under the reaction condition at 420 ℃, methyl chloride is mainly obtained when the ratio is methane: chlorine = 10-6:1. 2. The methanol chloride method is derived from the interaction of methanol and hydrogen chloride. This method is divided into liquid phase method and gas phase method. (1) liquid phase method methanol gas and hydrochloric acid are reacted in an aqueous zinc chloride solution at 130-140 ° C. To form methyl chloride, which are washed with water, cooled, compressed and condensed. (2) gas phase method methanol and hydrogen chloride gas were reacted at 350 ° C. Using a solid alumina catalyst. In addition, the company uses methanol and chlorine as raw materials to produce methyl chloride. The high temperature gas phase method has been improved and has been industrialized. Oxychlorination of methane it uses a continuous cycle of molten inorganic salt as catalyst, by catalytic nitridation, oxidative chlorination and dehydrochlorination process, methyl chloride. The yield of methyl chloride is 75% to 90% on the basis of methane, and about of methane is consumed per ton of methyl chloride. |
| category | combustible gas |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50:5300 mg/m3/4 H; Oral-rat LD50:1800 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | open flame mixed with air, thermal explosion |
| flammability hazard characteristics | open flame, combustible under heat; Toxic chloride smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; And oxygen, separate storage of |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, foam mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 105 mg/m3; Tel 210 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 1169 ° F. |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 2,000 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:11
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