74-98-6
Propane
CAS: 74-98-6
Molecular Formula: C3H8
74-98-6 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Propane |
| Synonyms | C3H8 A-108 Popane Propane Freon 290 propylhydride propyldihydride PROPANE, NATURAL PROPANECOMBUSTION Propane,high purity |
| CAS | 74-98-6 |
| EINECS | 200-827-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C3H8/c1-3-2/h3H2,1-2H3 |
74-98-6 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H8 |
| Molar Mass | 44.1 |
| Density | 0.564 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -188°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | -42.1°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | -104°C |
| Water Solubility | 62.61mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Vapor Presure | 190 psi ( 37.7 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 1.5 (vs air) |
| Appearance | liquid |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1000 ppm (OSHA). |
| Merck | 13,7891 |
| BRN | 1730718 |
| pKa | ≈ 44 (Gordon and Ford, 1972) |
| Storage Condition | -20°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. |
| Explosive Limit | 9.5% |
| Refractive Index | 1.2861 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting Point:-187.678 Boiling Point:-42.06 water-soluble: insoluble trait: Colorless odorless gas |
| Use | Used as organic chemical raw materials, solvents and fuels |
74-98-6 - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F+ - Highly flammable |
| Risk Codes | 12 - Extremely Flammable |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. |
| UN IDs | UN 1978 2.1 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | TX2275000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
74-98-6 - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Downstream Products | Liquefied petroleum |
74-98-6 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
propane is a colorless, flammable, non-toxic gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and has the odor of natural gas. At 20 deg C and O. lMPa gas relative density (Air 1) for 1- 55. Boiling point -42.1 °c. The flammable limit in air is 2.2% to 9.5% (VOL). Point -183 °c (0.1 MPa). Triple point -187.7 °c. Gas density 1.868kg/m3 (20 °c, 0.1 MPa). The liquid density was 500/m3 at 20 °c and saturation pressure. The critical temperature is 96.8, the critical pressure is 4266kPa, and the critical density is 225kg/m3. Solubility in water 5 cm3/water. Gas specific heat capacity: C at 26.8 °c and 0.1 MPa. 74. OIJ/(mol.K), cv64.81 J/(mol.K) Cp/C,l- 142. The specific heat capacity of the liquid at 25 °c is 111. 13J/(mol.K). The gas thermal conductivity is 01674W/ (m.K) at 25 °c and 0.1 MPa. The thermal conductivity of the liquid at -40 °c is 0.1485W/(m.K). Spontaneous combustion temperature 468. Idle point -104.0 °c. Low-pressure gas cylinders are used for shipment with liquefied compressed gas at their own vapour pressure
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
74-98-6 - Hair-making
Open Data Verified Data
with liquefied petroleum gas as raw material, it is condensed at 0~5 ℃ to remove some high boiling point impurities, and then it enters the adsorber to remove water, propylene, ethylene, ethane, N-butane, isobutane, n-butene, isobutene and other hydrocarbon impurities, and then into the condenser, propane condensed into liquid, and with nitrogen, oxygen and other non-condensable gas separation, can be. The extraction rate of propane can reach more than 80%.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:34
74-98-6 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
high purity propane in chemical, metallurgy, electronics, petroleum and other industrial sectors and basic research, air pollution monitoring, aviation, atomic energy and other fields are widely used as standard gas, calibration gas, on-line instrument standard gas, preparation of some special mixed gas.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:35
74-98-6 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
propane is a narcotic gas with mild anesthetic and irritant effects after inhalation. People in the 10% concentration of only mild dizziness, no irritation, no effect at 1% concentration. Inhalation of higher concentrations of a mixture of propane and butane can cause dizziness, Head Pain, excitement or drowsiness, Nausea, Vomit, salivation, mild lowering of blood pressure, bradycardia, reduced nerve reflexes, in severe cases, the patient presented with anesthesia and loss of consciousness. Propane cannot be stored with oxygen, chlorine, other oxidants, or combustible gas cylinders.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:35
74-98-6 - Reference Information
| olfactory Threshold | 1500ppm |
| Henry's Law Constant | 0.706 at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | propane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas alkane containing 3 carbon atoms, which is heavier than air, often stay in the low, and air can form explosive mixture, explosion limit of 2.4% ~ 9.5% (Volume), soluble in ether, soluble in alcohol, benzene and chloroform, slightly soluble in acetone, insoluble in water, however, it is easy to form solid hydrate with water at low temperature, which causes the blockage of natural gas pipeline. Pressure is easy to liquefy, the critical temperature is 96.8 deg C, the critical pressure is 4.24 MPa. Chemical nature is not active, but can occur halogenated reaction. Found in petroleum pyrolysis gas and natural gas. Industrially, propane can be separated from oilfield and cracked gases. It can be used as a raw material for the production of ethylene and propylene or as a solvent in the oil refining industry; A mixture of propane, butane and a small amount of ethane can be liquefied and used as a civil fuel, namely liquefied petroleum gas. |
| Chemical reaction | when propane is completely burned in pure oxygen, the chemical reaction formula is: c3H8 5O2=3CO2 4H2O 2221.5kl/mol from the above formula, the theoretical oxygen consumption of 1 volume propane complete combustion is 5 volumes. When a propane flame burns in air, the actual oxygen consumption is 3.5 volumes to form a neutral flame, and the flame temperature is 2520 °c (about 580 °c lower than that of acetylene). The maximum temperature of the oxidation flame is about 2700 C (about 600 C lower than acetylene). Oxygen consumption is higher than that of acetylene. |
| purpose | alkanes are mainly found in oilfield gas, natural gas and refinery gas. Used in the production of ethylene, propylene, oxygenates and primary nitroalkanes. There are opportunities in the production or application process of contact. It is also commonly used as a fuel for grills, portable stoves, and motor vehicles. aerosol; Aerator. used as organic chemical raw materials, solvents and fuels, etc. mainly used in petrochemical, environmental protection and scientific research fields In addition to being used as fuel and refrigerant, it is mainly used for cracking raw materials of producing ethylene and propylene, as well as for producing acrylonitrile, nitropropane and perchloroethylene; It is used as a solvent for deasphalting and desulfurization in a refinery. |
| calorific value of combustion | calorific value of Propane combustion (standard state) high calorific value: 101266kJ/m 3, low calorific value: 93240kJ/m 3. The combustion rate of propane is: 2m/s (in pure oxygen),1.5m/s (in air). The total calorific value is higher than that of acetylene, but the combustion heat per gram of molecule is lower than that of acetylene, the flame temperature is lower, and the flame heat is more dispersed. |
| ignition temperature | the ignition temperature of propane was 580 °c. The carbon and carbon in the propane molecule are saturated bonds, and the chemical properties are more stable than acetylene. Although the temperature of the oxygen-propane flame is not as high as that of the oxygen-acetylene flame, the flame is relatively soft, the calorific value of volume is larger than that of acetylene. Propane is often used as a fuel for engines, grilling foods, and household heating systems. In marketing, propane is commonly referred to as liquefied petroleum gas, which is often mixed with propylene, butane and butene. Malodorous ethanethiol is also typically added to commercial liquefied petroleum gases in order to detect accidental leaks. The filling factor of propane was 0.41. The propane cylinders of 15kg and 30kg are 40 L and 72 L, and the maximum filling capacity is 16.4 and 29.52 respectively. |
| toxicity | GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1655,2000). ADI is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). |
| usage limit | is not restrictive and is limited to GMP (FDA,§ 184.1655,2000). |
| production method | crude propane obtained from the reactor of the cracking unit, propane with a purity of 90% was purified by a propane rectification column, which was cooled by the column kettle and sent to a propane storage tank. It is also possible to obtain the finished propane by separation from the catalytic cracking gas. derived from the fractionation of natural gas by oil absorption or freezing. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | low toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | Reference range inhalation-rat LC50: 658000 mg/m3/4 h |
| explosive hazard characteristics | open flame mixed with air, thermal explosion |
| flammability hazard characteristics | open flame, combustible under heat; Combustion-induced smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; And oxygen, separate storage of |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1800 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 842 ° F. |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 2,100 ppm [10% LEL] |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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