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7440-04-2

Osmium

CAS: 7440-04-2

Molecular Formula: Os

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7440-04-2 - Names and Identifiers

Name Osmium
Synonyms Osmium
OSMIUM METAL
OSMIUM STANDARD
OsmiumpowderNmesh
OSMIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
OSMIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
CAS 7440-04-2
EINECS 231-114-0
InChI InChI=1/Os

7440-04-2 - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular FormulaOs
Molar Mass190.23
Density22.61 g/cm3 (lit.)
Melting Point3045 °C (lit.)
Boling Point5027 °C (lit.)
Water Solubilityattacked by aqua regia; barely affected by HCl, H2SO4 [MER06]
Appearancesponge
Specific Gravity22.48
ColorBlack
Exposure LimitACGIH: Ceiling 2 ppmOSHA: Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 50 ppm; Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)
Merck13,6960

7440-04-2 - Risk and Safety

Risk CodesR11 - Highly Flammable
R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes
R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety DescriptionS16 - Keep away from sources of ignition.
S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
UN IDsUN 3089 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany-
RTECSRN1100000
TSCAYes
HS Code71104100
Hazard Class4.1
Packing GroupII
ToxicityLDLo ivn-dog: 17 mg/kg SMSJAR 26,131,1826

7440-04-2 - Reference Information

EPA chemical information Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link)
introduction osmium is a group VIII element in the periodic table. One of the elements of platinum (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum). Element symbol OS, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2. In 1804, Tennant and others in England separated osmium from the residue of crude platinum dissolved in aqua regia. The content in the crust is 1 × 10-7% (mass), and it is often symbiotic with other elements of the platinum system, such as original platinum ore, nickel pyrite, nickel sulfide copper ore, ash iridium osmium ore, osmium iridium alloy, etc. Osmium is a gray-blue metal with a melting point of 2 700 ℃, a boiling point higher than 5 300 ℃, and a density of 22.48 g/cm 3. Hard and brittle. Bulk metal osmium is chemically inactive and stable in air and humid environments. Spongy or powdery osmium will gradually be oxidized to osmium tetroxide at room temperature.
Osmium is mainly used as a hardener for platinum-based metal alloys to manufacture various wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant hard alloys. Alloys made of osmium and iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, etc. can be used to make contacts and plugs for meters and electrical appliances. Osmium iridium alloy can be used as a pen tip, record player needle, compass, instrument pivot, etc. In the tube industry, condensing osmium vapor on the filament of the tube can enhance the ability of the cathode to emit electrons. Osmium tetroxide can be reduced to black osmium dioxide by certain biological substances, so it is sometimes used as a tissue stain in electron microscopy. Osmium tetroxide is also used in organic synthesis. Osmium metal is nontoxic. Osmium tetroxide has strong irritation and toxicity, and has serious damage to the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract.
Physical properties Metal osmium is gray blue, which is a metal with a density only lower than iridium in known elements. Osmium atom is a dense hexagonal crystal structure. It is a very hard metal, hard and brittle at high temperature. The I-degree HV at 1473K is 2940MPa, which is difficult to process. Osmium has a robin. The two isotopes of 0s and "'OS have half-lives of 97d and 700d respectively.
The outer electron layer configuration of the osmium atom is [Xe]5d. 6 s2. Osmium has 10 valence states from 1 2 to 8. The common valence states are 2, 3, 4, 6, 8. The most common stable compounds are 4, 8 valence compounds. The characteristic valence states of osmium in acidic solution are 3, 4 and 8, which easily change from one valence state to another.
Dense osmium is insoluble in acid and aqua regia. Powdered osmium can be oxidized by hot boiling sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid to form 0 s0.. Osmium powder can be oxidized in air at room temperature and burned at 773K. The uncalcined sponge osmium is easy to ignite spontaneously in the air, generating 0 s0.. When osmium and alkali metal chloride are mixed and heated for chlorination, a MezOscl of chloroosmium salt is formed. (Me stands for alkali metals). This type of chloroosmate can be decomposed into HCl and Osot by water vapor. Osmium melts together with alkali (Na0H, KOH, Na2C03) and oxidant (Na202, NaN03) to form water-soluble osmium salt Mezosot. When the aqueous solution of forging (Ⅵ) is acidified, the reaction of osmium (Ⅶ) and osmium (Ⅳ) will occur.
Source The crustal abundance of osmium is 1 × 10-7%. Mainly produced in chromite, copper iron ore and sand ore related to basic and ultrabasic rocks, a few produced in molybdenum ore. The main minerals are intermetallic compounds formed with iridium, and contain a small amount of ruthenium and platinum. For example, iridium osmium ore contains Ir 65.4% ~ 79.1%, OS 13.4% ~ 31.2%, and a small amount of ruthenium; platinum osmium ruthenium ore contains Pt 46.6% ~ 72.6%, OS 18% ~ 49.3%, Ru 7.6%; ruthenium osmium iridium ore contains Ir 43.1% ~ 51.4%, OS 33.1% ~ 38.5%, Ru 10.7% ~ 14.7%; osmium iridium ore contains OS 41.8% ~ 86.5%, Ir 12.3% ~ 18.9%, Ru0%~ 8.9%; osmium iridium ruthenium ore contains OS 41.4% ~ 49.5%, Ir 19.6% ~ 41.0%, Ru 10.9% ~ 18.6%. In addition, the highest content of osmium in iron meteorites containing higher platinum group metals can reach 17 g/t. Osmium has 7 natural isotopes, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190 and 192, and its abundance (mass fraction ω/%) is 0.018, 1.59, 1.64, 13.3, 16.1, 26.4 and 41.0 respectively. Osmium is mainly produced in the former Soviet Union and South Africa.
Use Due to the hard and brittle properties of metallic osmium, it has almost no use. However, powdered powder, although toxic and malodorous, can be sintered under high pressure and high temperature to form some useful products. Its main use is as an alloy manufacturing equipment, wear-resistant and durable.
As an alloy, osmium has no foul smell and toxicity. Some products are the nibs of ballpoint pens and fountain pens, the needles for record players, and the pivots of the compass. Osmium alloys are also used for contact points on special switches and other devices that need to reduce friction and wear. Another use is to stain animal tissues and examine them with a microscope to improve the contrast of the specimen.
Isotope There are 41 isotopes of osmium, 5 of which are stable, and two are natural radioactivity with a long half-life

element. The following are the abundances of stable isotopes in the earth's crust: OS -187 = 1.6%, OS-

188 = 13.29%, OS -189 = 16.21%, OS -190 = 26.36% and OS -192 = 40.93%.

The abundance of the remaining two natural radioisotopes on the earth: OS -184 = 0.02% and OS -186 =

1.59%. All other isotopes of osmium artificially produced in nuclear reactors and particle accelerators are radioactive

.
preparation from osmium iridium ore or copper-nickel symbiotic sulfide ore containing platinum group metal to produce pure osmium, the principle and process flow of producing osmium powder from osmium-containing platinum group metal concentrate or osmium iridium ore is shown in the following figure.
process flow of producing osmium powder from osmium-containing platinum group metal concentrate
osmium extraction from copper-nickel symbiotic sulfide ore containing platinum group metal is first gravity separation and flotation to obtain copper-nickel symbiotic sulfide ore concentrate containing platinum group metal. In the smelting and blowing of copper-nickel symbiotic sulfide ore concentrate containing platinum group metals, precious metals are enriched in intermediate products high nickel matte or copper-nickel alloy. At this time, the enrichment rate of osmium depends on the atmosphere and conditions of smelting and blowing. The loss of osmium in oxidizing atmosphere is large, and the enrichment rate is lower than that of other platinum group metals. In addition, the oxidative volatilization loss of osmium mainly occurs in the heating stage before the material melts. Once the material melts, osmium is captured by the metal, and the further oxidative volatilization loss is small. After separating the base metal from high nickel matte or copper-nickel alloy, 40% osmium-containing platinum group metal concentrate is obtained. The process from copper-nickel symbiotic sulfur containing platinum group metal to the production of osmium-containing platinum group metal concentrate belongs to the platinum group metal enrichment stage (see platinum).
The best method to separate osmium from osmium-containing platinum group metal concentrate is to oxidize osmium to OsO4 for distillation, and absorb it with alkali to obtain osmium absorption solution. In the separation process of platinum group metals, osmium and ruthenium are extracted by distillation first, which can avoid or reduce the loss of these two metals.
The process of refining the osmium absorption liquid by redistillation, precipitating ammonium chloroosmic acid and calcining in hydrogen to produce osmium powder belongs to the osmium refining stage.
toxicity most osmium oxides are harmless, but they are toxic if inhaled or ingested. This compound is highly toxic. It is a strong oxidant, soluble in water, oxidizes all layers of skin tissue, causing severe burns.
toxic substance data information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
7440-04-2
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Hubei YoungXin Pharmaceutical Tech Co.,Ltd.
Multiple Specifications
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CAS: 7440-04-2
Tel: 0714-3999186
Email: 2853786052@qq.com
Mobile: 86+15671228036
QQ: 2853786052 Click to send a QQ message
Wechat: 15671228036
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
Product Name: Osmium Request for quotation
CAS: 7440-04-2
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
　　　　 info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
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