7447-40-7

7447-40-7 - Names and Identifiers

Name	Potassium chloride
Synonyms	Kalitabs Kaleorid Kaleorod chloriddraselny Chloropotassuril Chlorid draselny chlorideofpotash Potassium chloride Chloropotassuril diffu-K
CAS	7447-40-7
EINECS	231-211-8
InChI	InChI=1/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey	WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

7447-40-7 - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	ClK
Molar Mass	74.55
Density	1.98 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	770 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	1420°C
Specific Rotation(α)	n20/D 1.334
Flash Point	1500°C
Water Solubility	340 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility	Soluble in water and glycerin, slightly soluble in alcohol, pure products do not deliquesce, almost insoluble in alcohol and ether.
Vapor Presure	33900mmHg at 25°C
Appearance	White crystal or crystalline powder
Specific Gravity	1.984
Color	White
Odor	Odorless
Maximum wavelength(λmax)	['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01']
Merck	14,7621
BRN	1711999
PH	5.5-8.0 (20℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Storage Condition	2-8°C
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Protect from moisture. Hygroscopic.
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.334
MDL	MFCD00011360
Physical and Chemical Properties	Traits colorless cubic crystals or white crystals. melting point 770 ℃ relative density 1.984 solubility: soluble in water, slightly soluble in glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and acetone.
Use	For the preparation of other potassium salts, but also used in medicine, metal heat treatment, photography and magnesium metal, etcUsed as an electrolyte supplement for the treatment of hypokalemia, etcNutritional supplements, gelling agents, salt substitutes, yeast food

7447-40-7 - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R36 - Irritating to the eyes R34 - Causes burns R11 - Highly Flammable R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R60 - May impair fertility
Safety Description	S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S22 - Do not breathe dust. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
UN IDs	UN 1824 8 / PGII
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	TS8050000
FLUKA BRAND F CODES	8
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	31042090
Toxicity	LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2600 mg/kg

7447-40-7 - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials	Carnallite Barium chloride Potassium hydroxide Octadecylamine Potassium carbonate Hydrochloric acid
Downstream Products	Carnallite Hydrochloric acid Potassium hydroxide Potassium bicarbonate Potassium carbonate Potassium Sulphate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate Sodium Chloride Potassium chlorate Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

7447-40-7 - Reference

Reference

1. Yu Xiaoqing, ni shenpeng, Yao Junjie, et al. Screening of a moderately halophilic bacterium [J]. Food and Fermentation Technology 2018 054(004):55-58 65.
2. Li Huan Tong Xu Zewen Guo Xiaomin Peng Lisa Cao Yong Xiao Su Yao. Optimization of low-temperature continuous phase change extraction of anthocyanins from blueberry and its components analysis [J]. Food Science and Technology 2020 45(05):233-240.
3. Zhang Xifeng, Liu Xiaoyan, Ma Yinshan, etc. Saccharification extraction and inhibition of advanced glycation end products of polyphenols from Lycium barbarum L. [J]. Fine Chemicals, 2018, 035(003):395-401.
4. Yang Yutong, Zhang Qingsuo, Fu Yunlin, Sun Jing. Composition, stability and anti-oxidation activity of the pigment from the heartwood of carthami [J]. Forestry Science, 2021,57(03):126-134.
5. [IF = 7.514] Dandan Pu et al."Characterization of the oral break down, sensory properties, and volatile release." Food Chem. 2019 Nov;298:125003
6. [IF = 4.821] Yixin Nie et al."Nitrogen-rich quantum dots-based fluorescence molecularly imprinted paper strip for p-nitroaniline detection."Microchem J. 2019 Jul;148:162
7. [IF=4.952] Xinyue Xu et al."Effects of different probiotic fermentations on the quality, soy isoflavone and equol content of soy protein yogurt made from soy whey and soy embryo powder."Lwt Food Sci Technol. 2022 Mar;157:113096

7447-40-7 - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

White Crystal or crystalline powder. Bitter and salty taste. Melting point 773 °c D 1. 98. Hygroscopic, easy to caking. The product is soluble in 2. 8mL water, 1.8mL boiling water, 14mL glycerol, about 250mL ethanol, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, ether, acetone. Sublimation at about 1500 °c. Sodium and magnesium chlorides can reduce their solubility in water. The relative density of saturated aqueous solution at 15 ℃ is 1. 172 and pH is about 7. Irritating.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

7447-40-7 - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

Industrial potassium chloride is dissolved in water, filtered, and saturated with chlorine gas. The solution was boiled to remove excess chlorine, and hydrogen chloride gas was introduced to precipitate potassium chloride. The purification of potassium chloride can be carried out by sublimation in a high purity nitrogen gas stream.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:36

7447-40-7 - Category

Authoritative Data Verified Data

pharmaceutical excipients, osmotic regulator, etc.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

7447-40-7 - Introduction

MFCD00011360

Last Update：2022-10-16 17:28:23

7447-40-7 - Use

Open Data Verified Data

used for the preparation of buffer solution, drop analysis, determination of platinum, calibration of silver nitrate standard solution, high purity analysis, emission spectrum analysis and so on. It is also used in potassium salt synthesis, pharmaceutical industry, food potassium fortifier, gelling agent, salt replacement agent, etc.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:37

7447-40-7 - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

A plastic woven bag or a composite plastic woven bag (plastic woven cloth/film) sealed with an inner plastic bag, and the net weight of each bag is 50kg. The package shall have obvious signs such as name, address, product name, product category or use, grade or technical requirements, net weight and "moisture proof. During the transport process to prevent rain and water immersion, sun exposure. When loading and unloading should be light to prevent packaging damage. Should be stored in a ventilated, dry warehouse. Moisture-proof. It is not allowed to be stored and mixed with toxic and hazardous substances. In case of fire, it can be suppressed by water, sand and all kinds of fire extinguishing.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:00:04

7447-40-7 - Reference Information

pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration	7
sublimation point	1500°C
NIST chemical information	information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
agricultural potassium chloride	potassium chloride is an important fertilizer for plant growth, which is fast and can be absorbed by soil, and is not easy to be lost, the application of an appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer can make the crop stems grow solid, prevent lodging, promote flowering and fruiting, and enhance the ability of drought resistance, cold resistance and pest resistance. Therefore, it is of great significance for high yield of agriculture. Germany used it as the main potassium fertilizer in 1861, and maintained its monopoly in production for a long time. Potassium chloride is also the main agricultural potassium fertilizer variety in China. Due to the abundant mineral resources, simple production method, high potassium content and low cost, potassium chloride is still the most important potassium fertilizer variety in the world, it accounts for more than 90% of the world's total potassium fertilizer sales, of which 50% are directly applied, and the rest are mainly used to manufacture complex (mixed) fertilizers. agricultural potassium chloride is usually extracted from potash salt, carnallite or brine containing potassium chloride. It is a physiological acidic fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water and has rapid fertilizer efficiency and can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing, not suitable for seed fertilizer and root fertilizer. Because it contains chloride ion (Cl-), it is generally not used to avoid chlorine crops such as potato, sweet potato, sugar beet, citrus, tobacco and grape, So as not to affect the quality of the product. Chlorine can promote photosynthesis, be used in fiber crops such as hemp and cotton, and improve fiber quality. Potassium chloride in low base saturation of neutral soil or acid soil application, must be combined with lime and organic fertilizer, to prevent soil acidification. It should not be applied to heavy saline soil to prevent chloride accumulation from adverse effects on plant growth. The purity of potassium chloride fertilizer varies with different mineral sources. Generally, the content of potassium chloride is more than 90% ~ 95%, containing K2O 60% ~ 63% and chlorine (Cl)47.6%. In addition, it also contains a small amount of sodium, calcium, magnesium, bromine and sulfate. Pure potassium chloride is a white cubic crystal. However, the potassium chloride obtained by the dissolution crystallization method and the flotation method is generally powder and granular, and is pink or dark red due to the iron content; The potassium chloride made by the bitter brine is often light yellow and small. 1 cubic meter of potassium chloride fertilizer weighing 0.9~0.95 tons. Potassium chloride accounts for about 1.05 to 1.09 cubic meters per ton of volume. Potassium chloride with hygroscopicity, when the relative humidity is above 80%, there is a slight moisture absorption, relative humidity increased to more than 90%, will be serious moisture absorption and begin deliquescence, after long storage that caking; when the content of impurities such as sodium chloride is high, the moisture absorption and agglomeration are enhanced. Potassium chloride is soluble in water, water temperature 0 ℃, per 100 of water can dissolve 27.6, 100 ℃ can dissolve 56.7. The aqueous solution showed a neutral reaction. The quality standard of agricultural potassium chloride formulated by the Ministry of Light Industry of China is as follows: the product is white or dark red small crystals, and the technical indexes shall meet the following requirements: Grade I KCl 90%, Grade II 85%, grade III product: 80%; Grade I NaCl product: <4%; Grade II product: <6%.
solubility in water (g/100ml)	grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 28g/0 ℃;31.2g/10 ℃;34.2g/20 ℃;37.2g/30 ℃;40.1g/40 ℃; 45.8g/60 ℃;48.8g/70 ℃;51.3g/80 ℃;53.9g/90 ℃;56.3g/100 ℃
identification test	5% sample solution potassium test (IT-27) and chloride test (IT-12) positive.
content analysis	accurately weigh about 250mg of a sample pre-dried at 105 °c for 2H and place it in a flask with a stopper, add 50ml of water to dissolve. Under stirring, 0.1mol/L silver nitrate (50.0ml), nitric acid (3m \|) and nitrobenzene (5ml) were added. After vigorous shaking, ammonium ferric sulfate solution (TS-99) (2ml) was added, the excess silver nitrate was titrated with 0.1mol/L ammonium thiocyanate. Per Mi. 0.1mol/L Silver nitrate is equivalent to potassium chloride (KCl)7.455mg.
toxicity	ADI is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). Ld502600 mg/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1622,2000). ADI does not specify. Ld50552 mg/kg (mice, intraperitoneal injection). The highest reference dosage (FAO/WHO,1984): low times concentrated milk, condensed milk, cream, 2g/kg alone, 3g/kg combined with other stabilizers; Milk powder, powder cream, 5g/kg (alone or in combination with other stabilizers; Are anhydrous).
usage limit	GB 2760-1996(g/kg): mineral beverage, 0.052; Sports beverage, 0.2; Low-sodium salt soy sauce, 60.0; Low sodium salt, 350.0. FDA,§ 182.5622(2000): tablets or capsules 100mg/body or 20mg/ml. FAO/WHO(1984): Low-power concentrated milk, sweetened condensed milk, cream, 2g/kg alone, with other stabilizers, 3g/kg; Milk powder, powder cream, 5g/kg (alone or in combination with other stabilizers; Are anhydrous).
Use	for the manufacture of potassium carbonate and other potassium salts, the production of G salts and reactive dyes, for photography, electroplating, steel heat treatment, it can also be used as a flame-extinguishing agent as a substitute for salt to reduce the adverse effects of high sodium content on the body. China's provisions can be used for low sodium salt, the maximum use of 350g/kg, in the low sodium salt soy sauce the maximum use of 60g/kg; In the athletes drink the maximum use of 0.2g/kg; the maximum amount used in mineral beverages was 0.052g/kg. used as fertilizer for crops used as analytical reagent, Reference Reagent, chromatographic analysis reagent and buffer used for the preparation of other potassium salts, also used in medicine, metal heat treatment, photography and preparation of metal magnesium used as electrolyte supplement, for the treatment of hypokalemia and other nutritional supplements, gelling agents, salt substitutes, yeast food used as nutritional supplements, gelling agents, yeast food, used as diuretic, electrolyte supplement, for the treatment of hypokalemia, etc. is the basic raw material for the production of potassium salts such as potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and potassium Carmine. Used as an Anti-Flame agent (to eliminate the flame emitted by the muzzle or muzzle). In the electrolytic magnesium chloride production of metallic magnesium, potassium chloride is used as a component for preparing an electrolytic solution. Medically used as a diuretic and a drug for the prevention and treatment of potassium deficiency. Dye Industry for the production of G salt, reactive dyes. Used in the manufacture of candle wick, photography, electroplating, steel heat treatment agent. It is mainly used as potassium fertilizer in agriculture. salt substitutes; Nutritional supplements; Gelling AIDS; Yeast food; Flavoring agents; Flavoring agents; pH control agents; Tissue softeners. Like salt, it can be used in agricultural products, aquatic products, animal products, fermentation, flavoring, canned food, convenient food and other flavoring agents to make low sodium products. Also used to strengthen potassium (for human electrolytes), the preparation of athletes drink. The gel action can be enhanced (especially carrageenan, etc.). edible potassium chloride is used as a nutritional supplement, a gelling agent, a yeast food, and a salt substitute. Like table salt, it can be used as a flavoring agent for agricultural products, aquatic products, animal products, fermentation, flavoring, canned food, convenience food, etc., to make low sodium products. It is used to strengthen potassium for human body electrolyte, and to prepare athletes beverage. Medicinal potassium chloride is used in medicine as a diuretic and a drug for the prevention and treatment of potassium deficiency. adult and child acute Diarrhea prepare buffer solution. Drop analysis of platinum. Standard calibration of silver nitrate standard solution. High purity analysis. Emission spectrum analysis. Chromatographic analysis. The medium was prepared. Pharmaceutical. Photosensitive materials. Food additives, medicines and health products. 99.999% is used for the preparation of phosphate buffer and for the extraction and solubilization of proteins.
production method	recrystallization Method: Add industrial potassium chloride into a dissolution tank containing distilled water for dissolution, add human decolorizing agent, arsenic remover, in addition to the heavy metal agent solution purification, precipitation, filtration, cooling crystallization, solid-liquid separation, drying, prepared edible potassium chloride products. carnallite, a rock salt containing magnesium chloride and potassium chloride as main components, is pulverized, mixed with 75% water, and heated steam is introduced to precipitate potassium chloride after cooling. This crude crystal was purified by washing with water and recrystallization. After precipitation of sodium chloride from seawater, the mother liquor is concentrated, crystallized and refined. by flotation, the potash salt ore (or sand crystal salt) is crushed by a ball mill, and then added with 1% octylamine flotation agent and 2% cellulose at the same time for flotation, after centrifugal separation, potassium chloride product was prepared. The Carnallite is first sieved by the decomposition-flotation combined method, and then the crude product is crushed, then water, mother liquor and flotation agent are added to decompose, and then the crude selection, selection, filtration, washing, centrifugal separation, after drying, the potassium chloride product was obtained. Mixing with halogen method: firstly, mix the bitter halogen and the old halogen (thick halogen) according to a certain proportion, stand still, and obtain the mixed halogen after fully precipitating the bitter halogen, and then evaporate and concentrate the mixed halogen, and then release the heat preservation settler, after the high and low temperature salt is settled, a clear liquid is obtained, which is then cooled, crystallized and centrifuged to obtain carnallite. Carnallite is decomposed with water to obtain crude potassium chloride, which is centrifuged, washed with water, centrifuged and dried to obtain potassium chloride product. The method of mixing brine is to mix brine and old brine (mother liquor after precipitation of potassium and magnesium chloride double salt) after seawater precipitation of sodium chloride in a certain proportion, the molar ratio of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride in the mixed halogen is less than 0.11, and the ratio of magnesium chloride to potassium chloride is about 11. The bitter salt (containing 90% sodium chloride, 2% magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate 1% and potassium chloride 0.4%) and removed. The mixed halogen is evaporated and concentrated to 128 ℃, and then put into the heat preservation settler to precipitate high-temperature salts (containing 124 of sodium chloride, 40% of magnesium chloride, 14% of magnesium sulfate and 1% of potassium chloride) at 13% ℃, low-temperature salts (containing 20% of sodium chloride, 17% of chloride, 22% of magnesium sulfate and 1.3% of potassium chloride) are precipitated at 85-90 ℃. After separation, the filtrate is cooled to precipitate potassium chloride magnesium double salt, namely artificial carnallite, and the mother liquor after separation of Carnallite is old halogen. Carnallite is decomposed by adding water to dissolve magnesium chloride, The crude potassium chloride was obtained; The latter was washed with water and recrystallized to obtain the finished product. As a medicine or food with potassium chloride, also need to dissolve the above products in water, filtered through chlorine gas to saturation. Excess chlorine was removed by boiling, and then hydrogen chloride was introduced to precipitate potassium chloride. After separation, it is washed with water and then redissolved in water, filtered, cooled to about -5 °c to give crystals, and dried at 100-120 °c to give a finished product. Carnallite flotation method of Carnallite is mainly composed of potassium chloride, water and flotation agent for rough selection, selection of potassium chloride. This product was washed with water and recrystallized to obtain finished product.
toxic substance data	information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)