9003-53-6
Poly(styrene)
CAS: 9003-53-6
Molecular Formula: [CH2CH(C6H5)]n
9003-53-6 - Names and Identifiers
9003-53-6 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | [CH2CH(C6H5)]n |
| Molar Mass | 2.01588 |
| Density | 1.06g/mLat 25°C |
| Melting Point | 212°C |
| Boling Point | 30-80 °C |
| Flash Point | >230°F |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Solubility | Chloroform (Slightly, Sonicated) |
| Appearance | Spherical particles |
| Color | White |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.5916 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless, odorless, tasteless and glossy transparent solid. relative density 1.04~1.09 soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Ketones and esters. |
| Use | Mainly used in the manufacture of audio-visual products and optical disk cartridges, lamps and interior decoration, high-frequency electrical insulation parts |
9003-53-6 - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| UN IDs | 2211 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | WL6475000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 39039000 |
| Hazard Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
9003-53-6 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
high impact polystyrene is a white opaque bead or granular thermoplastic resin with high toughness and impact, and its impact strength is more than 7 times that of general grade polystyrene. It maintains the excellent colorability, molding processability, chemical properties and electrical properties of general polystyrene, but the tensile strength, hardness, light transmission, light resistance and thermal stability are lower than those of general grade polystyrene. HIPS has different grades. By controlling the molecular weight of the resin and the amount of additives, the melt flow rate can be adjusted to obtain a product with good fluidity, the heat distortion temperature of the product can be increased; By controlling the particle size and shape of the rubber, high-gloss HIPS can be obtained, and the refrigerator lining and oil-containing food packaging are HIPS-large application fields, however, halogenated hydrocarbons and unsaturated oils and fats can make HIPS crack rapidly and lose strength, so the environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) is one of the important performance of HIPS. In industry, the size of the encapsulated rubber particles is mainly controlled, the elastomer content, the volume of the rubber phase, the type of the toughening agent, and the molecular weight of the matrix resin are used to modify the crack morphology of the HIPS to obtain environmental stress cracking resistance HIPS.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
9003-53-6 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The production methods of high impact polystyrene mainly include bulk suspension polymerization and bulk polymerization.
- bulk suspension polymerization method this method is a two-step method. First, the polybutadiene rubber or styrene-butadiene rubber is crushed and then dissolved in styrene monomer at room temperature (the amount of rubber is generally about 5%~ 10%), and then the rubber solution is sent to the polymerization kettle, the bulk polymerization was carried out at 100-120 °c. The initiator used in the polymerization was 0.5% dicumyl peroxide, and Thiol or a-methyl Styrene Dimer was used as chain transfer agent. When the polymerization conversion rate was 25% to 35%, suspension polymerization was carried out. Suspension polymerization system with water as the medium, hydroxyl ethylene cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol as dispersant, polymerization temperature 85~100 deg C. Until the end of the polymerization reaction, the granular polymer with uniform particle size distribution was obtained. After washing and drying, the product was obtained. This method has many procedures, but it is easy to change the variety of products.
- the bulk polymerization method is basically similar to the general grade polystyrene bulk and suspension polymerization method, and the specific process is to dissolve the crushed rubber in styrene, then, when the prepolymerization is heated in a stirred tank until the polymerization conversion reaches 25% to 40%, it is sent to a series of series Polymerization Reactors for continuous bulk polymerization. Generally, the polymerization is carried out without an initiator. The initial polymerization temperature is 90~100 deg C, and then step by step up to 200~240 deg C, and finally in 280~300 deg C after extrusion, pelletizing product. This method is simple and continuous, but the technical requirements are higher.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:07:50
9003-53-6 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
high impact polystyrene can be used to make the housing and components of TV sets and radio recorders; Refrigerator lining materials, air conditioning equipment, washing machines, telephones, vacuum cleaners, lighting devices and parts of office machinery; electrical appliances, instruments, auto parts and medical equipment parts toys, furniture and daily living products and packaging materials.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:07:51
9003-53-6 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
The product must be packed in woven bags with a net weight of 25kg. Storage should pay attention to heat insulation, the warehouse should be kept dry, clean, mixed with any impurities in the product is strictly prohibited, sun and rain are strictly prohibited. During transportation, the product should be stored in a clean and dry car or cabin with a ceiling, without sharp objects such as nails. It is strictly prohibited to mix with flammable aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and other organic solvents.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:07:52
9003-53-6 - Molding Process
Open Data Verified Data
high impact polystyrene resin processing performance is good, can be used in injection molding, extrusion processing of various products, can also be used for secondary processing. Its specific processing conditions are: injection molding, cylinder temperature is 180~250 ℃, injection pressure is 68.6~127. 4MPa, the mold temperature is 50~80 degrees Celsius; Extrusion molding, the central temperature of the cylinder is 200 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the two ends is 220.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:07:51
9003-53-6 - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| high molecular weight compound | polystyrene is a high molecular weight compound which is obtained by polymerization of styrene monomer. Polystyrene was first derived from a volatile oil found in natural resin Balsam. In 1930the German law of the company first in the continuous bulk polymerization method of trial production, followed by the realization of the industrial production, is the development of early varieties of plastics. In 1982, the annual output was second only to polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. Styrene is mainly prepared from benzene and ethylene by hydroalkylation and dehydrogenation, and the monomer can be polymerized according to the free radical reaction history, and can also be polymerized according to the ionic reaction history, with different reaction types and polymerization methods, the properties and uses of the obtained products vary greatly. Free Radical Polymerization of random polystyrene, temperature resistance is only 80 deg C; Anion coordination polymerization of isotactic polystyrene (phenyl in the same side of the carbon chain plane) heat resistance up to 240 deg C. Bulk polymerization can be obtained glass-like transparent, excellent insulation properties of hard plastics; Solution polymerization is mostly used for the preparation of coatings. Polystyrene has good corrosion resistance to acids, bases, salts, mineral oils, organic acids, lower alcohols, and the like, but softens or dissolves in organic solvents such as acetone, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Good insulation, transparency, high refractive index, water resistance, good coloring, can be made into a variety of colorful plastic products. Melt Thermal stability and fluidity is very good, easy to process, can be molded, extrusion molding. The polystyrene film can be used as the insulating layer of the capacitor and the electrical parts, the foam plastic can be used as the packaging material of the precision instrument, and the sound insulation and anti shock material on the building. However, the application of polystyrene is limited due to its brittleness, poor temperature resistance and low surface hardness. For this reason, the performance is often improved by copolymerization or blending, and the application range is expanded. Blending a small amount of rubber in polystyrene can significantly improve the impact resistance. Styrene-butadiene rubber, a random copolymer of styrene and butadiene, is widely used as an automobile tire. Copolymerization with acrylonitrile can increase the softening point of the product without reducing its transparency. Terpolymer ABS is an excellent engineering plastic. Block copolymers of styrene and butadiene are widely used thermoplastic elastomers. The precursor of various ion exchange resins can be prepared by copolymerization with divinylbenzene. The benzene ring on polystyrene can be subjected to various chemical reactions to prepare polymers with various functional groups as the framework of polystyrene, which can be used as polymer reagents or polymer catalysts. This information was edited by Xiaonan. |
| polystyrene resin | polystyrene resin (PS), polyvinyl chloride resin together to become the most frequent use of three general-purpose thermoplastic plastics. There are three grades of polystyrene resins on the international market: QP for general use, HR for heat resistance and HI for impact resistance. HR is a methyl styrene polymer. HI is a copolymer of butadiene and styrene, which significantly improves the toughness of the resin. Polystyrene resin is mainly used in radios, televisions, high-frequency electrical devices, toys, household appliances (such as cups, combs, hooks, brush handles, soap boxes, etc.), refrigerator, paint base materials (styrene modified alkyd resin, styrene modified epoxy resin), foam material (styrene foam material), etc. In addition, AS resin (acrylonitrile styrene resin) with improved oil resistance, rigidity and heat resistance, MS resin (methacrylate resin) with the aim of improving weather resistance ABS resins and the like, which have improved impact resistance and mechanical strength, are widely used as copolymers thereof. |
| molecular structure | The molecular chain of polystyrene is alternately connected to the side phenyl group, thus, the molecular chain of polystyrene becomes rigid. Therefore, the glass transition temperature is higher than that of polyethylene and polypropylene, and the rigidity and brittleness are large, and the product is easy to produce internal stress. Since the side phenyl groups are arranged in a random structure in the space, polystyrene is an amorphous polymer and has high transparency. The presence of the side phenyl group makes the chemical activity of polystyrene larger, and the characteristic reactions that can be carried out by the benzene ring, such as chlorination, nitration, sulfonation and the like, can be carried out. In addition, the side phenyl group can activate the alpha hydrogen atoms on the main chain, readily oxidize in air to form peroxides, and cause degradation. Therefore, long-term use of products in outdoor yellowing, brittle. However, because the benzene ring is a conjugated system, the radiation resistance of the polymer is better, and its performance changes little under the condition of strong radiation. FIG. 1 shows the molecular structure of polystyrene. |
| features | polystyrene is tasteless and odorless, small specific gravity, colorless and transparent, free coloring, good processing fluidity, hard, chemical stability, non-hygroscopic and other advantages, but there are brittle, low heat distortion temperature (70 deg C) shortcomings, and prone to stress cracking phenomenon. It is resistant to dilute acid, but it will be attacked by concentrated acid and halogen, which will cause coordination and residual distortion of polymeric molecules in the flow direction during casting, which may cause uneven strength. In the flow direction is high, the vertical direction is low, so it is necessary to maintain the low temperature in the forming, increase the pouring pressure, try to be uniform. |
| Properties of polystyrene | (1) mechanical properties: polystyrene is a kind of hard and brittle material, there is no yielding phenomenon when stretching. Polystyrene tensile, bending and other conventional mechanical properties in general-purpose plastics is very high, but its impact strength is very low. The mechanical properties of polystyrene are related to the synthesis method, relative molecular mass, temperature, impurity content and test method. (2) thermal properties: the heat resistance of polystyrene is poor, the heat distortion temperature is 70~95 degrees Celsius, and the long-term use temperature is 60~80. The thermal conductivity of polystyrene is low, about 0.10~0.13W/(m-K), basically does not change with the change of temperature, is a good thermal insulation material. Polystyrene foam is one of the most widely used thermal insulation materials. The linear expansion coefficient of polystyrene is large, and the difference between the metal is very large, so the product is not easy to carry a metal insert. In addition, many of the mechanical properties of polystyrene are significantly affected by temperature. FIG. 2 shows the effect of increasing temperature on the tensile strength of polystyrene. ③ electrical properties: polystyrene is a non-polar polymer, and fillers and additives are rarely added in use, so it has good dielectric properties and insulation properties, and its dielectric properties are independent of frequency. Because its moisture absorption rate is very low, the electrical properties are not affected by the ambient temperature, but because of its surface resistance and volume resistance are large, and do not absorb water, it is easy to generate static electricity, Antistatic agent should be added when using. Chemical properties: the chemical stability of polystyrene is better, resistant to a variety of alkali, general acid, salt, mineral oil, lower alcohol and various organic acids, but not resistant to oxidative acid (such as nitric acid) and oxidant erosion. Polystyrene is also subject to the etching of many hydrocarbons, copper and higher fatty acids, soluble in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and susceptible to esters. In addition, because polystyrene with phenyl, can make the hydrogen activation on the phenyl alpha position, so the weather resistance of polystyrene is not good, if the long-term exposure will change color and become brittle, its light resistance, oxidation are poor, antioxidants should be added when using. |
| polystyrene coloring | polystyrene has good coloring performance and strong affinity for various colorants, both common pigments and dyes can be used. Because polystyrene is used to make transparent products, inorganic pigments are used less, and polystyrene molding processing temperature is high, the available dyes are not much, and more organic pigments are used. The main requirements for the selection of colorants for polystyrene plastics are: high molding temperature and good dispersion. For light resistance requirements, because most of polystyrene products are used indoors, the general requirements are not high, but for long-term outdoor use of products, colorants are required to have a high light fastness. The amount of polystyrene added to the colorant is generally less than 0.1 to 0.2% of the amount of resin, and excessive use will affect the mechanical strength and transparency of the product. polystyrene is generally colored by dry mixing method. When coloring, alcohol and rosin oil are used as dispersing agents for pigments, which can wet the surface of polystyrene granules well and help the dispersion and adhesion of pigments, the dispersant is also easy to volatilize during molding, which does not affect the performance of the product. polystyrene can also be colored by dip dyeing method, that is, the molded products are put into alcohol solution of various dyes at 50~60 ℃, soaked for 3~5min, and washed with warm water after being taken out, drying, this method avoids the destruction of high temperature on the color of the dye, However, due to the complex process, the general application is not much. polystyrene can also be colored with a color masterbatch. |
| field of application | polystyrene includes general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and expandable polystyrene (EPS). The expandable polystyrene is obtained by suspension polymerization of styrene monomer. Volatile liquids such as butane, pentane and petroleum ether are selected as foaming agents. The blowing agent may be added during the polymerization or may be added at the time of molding. The expansion ratio of EPS is 50 to 70 times. Polystyrene is one of the most easily processed varieties in general plastic, molding temperature and decomposition temperature difference, can be processed in a wide range of temperature molding. At the same time, it has the characteristics of low cost, high rigidity, good transparency, electrical performance is not affected by the frequency, so it can be widely used in the instrument housing, car lamp cover, lighting products, all kinds of containers, high-frequency capacitors, high-frequency insulation supplies, optical fibers, packaging materials, etc. Due to the advantages of light weight, low thermal conductivity, small water absorption and good impact resistance, expandable polystyrene is widely used in construction, transportation, cold storage, thermal insulation and shock absorption materials of chemical equipment. Polystyrene is widely used as a packaging material in industry and daily necessities. Such as: bottle cap, a variety of containers, large-capacity containers, oriented film, food packaging materials. Polystyrene foam can be used as a thermal insulation material for refrigerators, trains, ships, buildings, and the like. In the electrical aspect is good insulating materials and thermal insulation materials. |
| high impact polystyrene (HIPS) | high impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a synthetic Butadiene Rubber added to styrene monomer, then polymerized into a new grade that improves the hard and brittle disadvantages of GPPS performance. The basic characteristics are as follows: ① with different butadiene content, there are three levels of medium, high and ultra high, the general butadiene content is 3%~ 15%, due to the addition of elastomer, the polymer has higher toughness and impact strength, which is more than 7 times higher than GPPS. (2) the transparency of HIPS was lost and became opaque white. (3) the tensile strength, hardness and heat-resistant light stability decreased. Figure 3 shows typical properties of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) it should be noted that if a butadiene monomer is used to copolymerize with styrene to give a butadiene-styrene copolymer, the impact strength of GPPS can also be improved, but the copolymer has good transparency, non-toxicity, good impact resistance, and is easy to attack by organic solvents and oils. The BS copolymer can be applied to food packaging, stationary, containers, medical devices, toys, and inflatable packaging. Can be injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, bonding, printing. The temperature of the injection molding was 235 °c. BS resin is also called K resin. |
| Applications | mainly used in the manufacture of audio-visual products and optical disk cartridges, lamps and interior decoration parts, high-frequency electrical insulation parts and so on mainly used for train and vehicle components, auto parts, ship plastic parts, used in the manufacture of hard non-woven fabrics used as anti-vibration packaging for building thermal insulation and insulation materials, instruments and instruments |
| production method | from styrene by bulk or suspension polymerization. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:49:11
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Product Name: *Polystyrene Standard (Mw 2,000) Request for quotationCAS: 9003-53-6
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