98001-69-5
protamine sulfate
CAS: 98001-69-5
Molecular Formula:
98001-69-5 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | protamine sulfate |
| Synonyms | PROTAMINE SULFATE protamine sulfate |
| CAS | 98001-69-5 |
98001-69-5 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
98001-69-5 - Risk and Safety
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | VO9470000 |
98001-69-5 - References
| source | this product is a low molecular weight protein with strong alkalinity. it is a sulfate of alkaline protein extracted from fresh mature sperm of suitable male fish. modern pharmacology classifies this product as anti-heparin drug. |
| properties | is white or white-like powder, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol and ether, and the aqueous solution is acidic to litmus paper. |
| action and use | there are strong basic groups in the molecule of this product, which can bind to strong acidic heparin in vivo to make it lose anticoagulant activity and is a heparin antagonist. mainly applicable to: ① hemorrhage caused by excessive dosage of heparin (protamine sulfate 1 mg can neutralize heparin 1 mg). (2) Some diseases have hemorrhage with increased heparin-like substances. (3) Bleeding for other reasons, such as menorrhagia, postpartum hemorrhage, bleeding tendency after radiotherapy, etc. |
| usage and dosage | for bleeding caused by weak temper and blood loss: intravenous drip, 5-8 mg/kg per day, divided into 2 times, with an interval of 6 hours, diluted with 300-500ml of normal saline each time, and should not exceed 3 days. for heparin overbleeding: intravenous drip, the dosage should be equivalent to the heparin used (1mg of this product can neutralize heparin 100U), but not more than 50mg once. |
| adverse reactions | hypotension, bradycardia, dyspnea and facial flushing may occur during high concentration rapid injection. |
| precautions | high concentration rapid injection can cause symptoms such as hypotension, slow cardiac beat, dyspnea, etc., so slow intravenous injection is appropriate. Excessive intravenous injection can cause hyperfibrinolysis, produce anticoagulant effect and cause bleeding, and pay attention to control the dosage. The syringe can be cleaned or disinfected, but not in contact with alkaline substances. |
| contraindications | those who are allergic to this drug are prohibited. |
| preparation | injection: 50 mg/5 ml,100 mg/10 ml. Powder injection: 50mg. |
| store | airtight, cool and dark. |
| determination of protamine sulfate (PS) | 1, determination of bromocresol green (XIFL) XJ FL as a spectral probe for PS has the advantages of high sensitivity, large contrast, good stability and selectivity. XJFL as a spectral probe has high application value for PS detection. 2. HPLC method for determination of protatin sulfate in pharmaceutical preparations after experimental analysis, the absolute retention time of protatin sulfate was 7. 2 min, and preservative did not interfere with its determination 15-y 1001 g0 mL. The chromatographic reaction within concentration was linear (r = 0. 9926, n = 7). The method is very simple and suitable for routine qualitative and quantitative control of protamine sulfate in hydrophilic capsules. |
| Examples and treatment of allergic reactions caused by protamine sulfate | 1. Examples A 26-year-old female patient, due to congenital ventricular septal defect and mitral valve closure. Complete ventricular septal defect repair, 220mg of protamine sulfate injection was given during the operation to neutralize heparin, after 10 min, the patient developed pulmonary artery spasm, right heart system expansion, blood pressure drop, heart rate slowing, followed by cardiac arrest. Immediately stop the drug for intracardiac compression, and give corticosteroids, vasoactive drugs and other treatment, emergency cardiopulmonary bypass assistance again, after 9 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass support, the patient's heart function still could not recover, and finally died. 2. Treatment Allergic reaction/anaphylactoid reaction, some patients produce IgE antibody after the first application of protamine. IgE antibody is attached to mast cells. When protamine is received for the second time, IgE binds to the antigen, thereby triggering mast cells to degranulate and release histamine and other vasoactive substances, resulting in protamine type I allergic reaction (rapid type), Severe hypotension or even cardiac arrest occurs. If there is a history of protamine allergy, skin allergy test should be done before operation to determine IgE antibody. The protamine preparation has been purified, and the first application of its allergic reaction is mostly type 1 allergic reaction, and the application of epinephrine is effective. Except for the epinephrine group, for the occurrence of catastrophic pulmonary hypertension, in addition to a drop in blood pressure, it can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular resistance to increase, right ventricular blood discharge is blocked, pulmonary artery is significantly bulged and respiratory tract resistance increases, and even bronchospasm. At this time, adrenaline 1-2f can be relieved immediately. Other drugs such as calcium can only raise blood pressure. Nitroglycerin, fentanyl and milrinone have a general effect on reducing pulmonary artery pressure and can easily lead to a drop in blood pressure. People often regard protamine sulfate allergic reaction as an antigen-antibody reaction, so the administration of epinephrine is ineffective. In recent years, people have gradually realized that protamine sulfate is basically a type 1 allergy. Adrenaline has been used to treat protamine sulfate protein allergy and achieved satisfactory results. |
| production method |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:21:28
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